標準編號:	GB 3565-2005
中文名稱:	自行車安全要求
英文名稱:	Safety requirements for bicycles
中標分類:	Y14    自行車
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
ICS分類:	43.150 43.150    自行車 43.150
發布機構:	中國國家標準化管理委員會 國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局
發布日期:	2005-5-17
實施日期:	2005-12-1
標準狀態:	superseded
被新標準替代:	GB 3565.2-2022 自行車安全要求 第2部分：城市和旅行用自行車、青少年自行車、山地自行車與競賽自行車的要求
被替代日期:	2023-10-1
作廢日期:	2023-10-01
替代舊標準:	GB 3565-1993 自行車安全要求
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	25000 字
翻譯價格(元):	1000.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

Clause 4, Clause 5; 6.2, 6.5 and 6.6 of Clause 6; Clause 7; 8.2 of Clause 8; 9.3 of Clause 9; 11.2 of Clause 11; 12.2 and 12.6 of Clause 12; Clause 14, Clause 15, Clause 17 and Clause 18 of this standard are mandatory; and the rest are recommendatory. This standard is identical with International Standard ISO 4210:1996 "Cycles — Safety Requirements for Bicycles" (Fourth Edition). For the purposes of this standard, the following editorial changes have also been made on ISO 4210:1996: for example, the section numbers of ISO 4210:1996 are deleted; ISO standards referenced in ISO 4210:1996 are changed to corresponding professional standards of bicycle parts in China, the technical provisions of which are equivalent to the ISO standards referenced. In producing this standard, the aim has been to ensure that bicycles manufactured in compliance with it will be as safe as is practically possible. The tests are designed to ensure the strength and durability of individual parts as well as of the bicycle as a whole, demanding high quality throughout and consideration of safety aspects from the design stage onwards. This standard cancels and replaces GB 3565-1993 (idt ISO 4210:1989, the third edition), the following technical deviations have been made with respect to the GB 3565-1993 (the previous edition). — Enhance brake performance requirements and test methods; — Add requirements for wheel quick-release mechanisms; — Enhance requirements for chainguards to cover multi-chainwheel assemblies; — Add new requirements for fatigue testing of handlebar assemblies, front forks, pedal crank assemblies and saddle pillars. The scope of this standard limited to safety considerations, and has specifically avoided standardization of components (dimensions). The Annex A and Annex B of this standard are for informative only. This standard was proposed by China National Light Industry Council. This standard was prepared by National Technical Committee on Bicycle of Standardization Administration of China. The previous editions of the standard replaced by this standard are as follows: — GB 3565-1983, GB 3565-1993. Safety Requirements for Bicycles General 1 Scope This standard specifies safety and performance requirements for the design, assembly and testing of bicycles and sub-assemblies, and lays down guidelines for instructions on the use and care of bicycles. This standard is applicable to bicycles intended for use on public roads, and on which the saddle can be adjusted to provide a saddle height of 635 mm or more. This standard does not apply to specialized types of bicycle such as tradesmen’s delivery bicycles, tandems, toy bicycles and bicycles designed and equipped for use in sanctioned competitive events. 2 Normative References The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments (excluding corrections), or revisions, of any of these publications do not apply to this standard. However parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. QB/T 1716-1993 Cycle Chains QB/T 1723-1993 Bells for Bicycles QB 2191-1995 Cycle reflectors 3 Terms and Definitions For the purpose of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cycle Any vehicle that has at least two wheels and is propelled solely by the muscular energy of the person on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals 3.2 bicycle Two-wheeled cycle 3.3 delivery bicycle Bicycle designed for the primary purpose of carrying goods 3.4 tandem Bicycle with saddles for two or more riders, one behind the other 3.5 saddle height Dimension from the ground plane to the top of the saddle, measured in the centre of the seating area normal to the ground plane when the bicycle is upright 3.6 braking distance Distance travelled by a bicycle between the commencement of braking (3.7) and the point at which the bicycle comes to rest 3.7 commencement of braking Point on the test track at which the brake actuating mechanism is moved from its rest position. In tests with two brakes, this point is determined by the first mechanism to operate 3.8 gear development Distance travelled by a bicycle during one revolution of the pedal cranks 3.9 exposed protrusion Protrusion that can be contacted by the central 75 mm of the lateral surface of a cylinder 250 mm long and 83 mm in diameter (simulating a limb), see Figure 1 Dimensions in millimeters Figure 1 Exposed Protrusion Test Cylinder 3.10 (pedal) tread surface Surface of a pedal that is presented to the underside of the foot, the design of which incorporates a slip-resistant characteristic 3.11 ferrous component Component composed of structural members made entirely from ferrous materials excluding any jointing media such as brazing materials or adhesives 3.12 non-ferrous component Component composed of structural members made entirely from non-ferrous materials excluding any jointing media such as adhesives Note: For the purposes of the choice of fatigue test forces, any component made from a mixture of ferrous and non-ferrous members shall be classified as non-ferrous. 3.13 crank assembly Crank assembly for fatigue testing consists of the two cranks, the pedal spindles, the bottom bracket spindle, and the first component of the drive system, e.g. chainwheel Requirements of Sub-assemblies 4 General 4.1 Sharp edges Exposed edges that could come into contact with the rider’s hands, legs, etc., during normal riding or normal handling and normal maintenance shall not be sharp. 4.2 Protrusions Any rigid exposed protrusion longer than 8 mm after assembly shall terminate in a radius of not less than 6.3 mm. Such protrusions shall have a major end dimension greater than 12.7 mm and a minor end dimension greater than 3.2 mm. There shall be no protrusions on the top tube of a bicycle frame between the saddle and a point 300 mm forward of the saddle, with the exception that control cables no greater than 6.4 mm in diameter and cable clamps made from material no thicker than 4.8 mm may be attached to the top tube. Foam pads attached to the bicycle frame to act as protective cushions are permitted, provided that the bicycle meets the requirements for protrusions when the pads are removed. A screw thread that is an exposed protrusion (3.9) shall be limited to a protrusion length of one major diameter of the screw beyond the internally threaded mating part. ? 5 Brakes 5.1 Braking systems A bicycle shall be equipped with two braking systems. One shall operate on the front wheel and one on the rear wheel. The braking systems shall operate without binding and shall be capable of meeting the braking performance requirements of 5.5. Brake blocks containing asbestos shall not be permitted. 5.2 Hand-operated brakes 5.2.1 Brake lever position Hand brake levers for front and rear brakes shall be positioned according to the legislation or custom and practice of the country in which the bicycle is to be sold. 5.2.2 Brake lever dimensions The maximum grip dimension, d, measured between the outer surfaces of the brake lever and the handlebar, or the handlebar grip or any other covering where present, shall not exceed 90 mm between points A and B, and 100 mm between points B and C (see Figure 2). Note: The range of adjustment on the brake lever should permit these dimensions to be obtained. 5.2.3 Attachment of brake assembly The screws used to attach a brake assembly to the frame, fork or handlebar shall be provided with suitable locking devices, for example a lock-washer, lock-nut or stiff-nut. Cable pinch-bolts shall not sever any of the cable strands when assembled to the manufacturer’s instructions. In the event of a brake cable failing, no part of the brake mechanism shall inadvertently inhibit the rotation of the wheel. The cable end shall either be protected with a cap that shall withstand a removal force of 20 N or be otherwise treated to prevent unravelling. 5.2.4 Brake block assembly The brake block shall be securely attached to the backing plate or holder and there shall be no failure of the block assembly when tested by the method specified in Clause 22. The brake system shall be capable of meeting the strength test specified in 5.4.1 and the braking performance requirements of 5.5.1 and 5.5.2 after completion of the test specified in Clause 22. 5.2.5 Brake adjustment The brakes shall be capable of adjustment to an efficient operating position until the brake blocks have worn to the point of requiring replacement as recommended in the literature provided by the manufacturer. When correctly adjusted, the brake block shall not contact anything other than the intended braking surface. The brake blocks of a bicycle with rod brakes shall not come into contact with the rim of the wheels when the steering angle of the handlebars is set at 60°, nor shall the rods bend, or be twisted after the handlebars are reset to the central position. Dimensions in millimeters Figure 2 Brake Lever Grip Dimensions 5.3 Back-pedal brakes The brake shall be actuated by the operator’s foot applying force to the pedal in a direction opposite to that of the drive force. The brake mechanism shall function independently of any drive-gear positions or adjustments. The differential between the drive and brake positions of the crank shall not exceed 60°. The measurement shall be taken with the crank held against each position with a torque of at least 14 N. m. 5.4 Strength of brake system 5.4.1 Hand-operated brakes When tested by the method described in 23.1, there shall be no failure of the brake system or of any component thereof. 5.4.2 Back-pedal brakes When tested by the method described in 23.2, there shall be no failure of the brake system or any component thereof. 5.5 Braking performance 5.5.1 Braking under dry conditions When tested by the method described in Clause 24, a bicycle shall be brought to a smooth safe stop within the relevant distances and from the relevant velocities given in Table 1. 5.5.2 Braking under wet conditions When tested by the method described in Clause 24, a bicycle shall be brought to a smooth safe stop within the relevant distances and from the relevant velocities given in Table 1. Table 1 Brake Test Velocities and Braking Distances Test conditions Test velocity (km/h) Brakes in use Braking distance (m) Dry 25 Both 7 Rear only 15 Wet 16 Both 9 Rear only 19 5.5.3 Extension levers Where a bicycle is fitted with extension levers, separate tests shall be conducted for the operation of the extension levers in addition to tests using the normal levers to which the extensions are attached. 5.5.4 Linearity of back-pedal brake When tested by the method described in Clause 25, the brake force shall be linearly proportional (within ±20%) for a pedal force from 90 N to 300 N and shall be not less than 150 N for a pedal force of 300 N. 6 Steering 6.1 Handlebars The handlebars shall have an overall width between 350 mm and 700 mm. The vertical distance between the top of the handlebar grips, when assembled to the highest riding position according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and the seat surface of the saddle in its lowest position shall not exceed 400 mm. The ends of the handlebars shall be fitted with handgrips or end plugs that will withstand a removal force of 70 N.

Foreword II General 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Definitions Requirements of Sub-assemblies 4 General 5 Brakes 6 Steering 7 Frame-fork assembly 8 Front fork 9 Wheels 10 Rims, Tyres and Tubes 11 Pedals and Pedal/Crank Drive System 12 Saddle 13 Chain 14 Chainguard 15 Spoke Protector 16 Lighting 17 Reflectors 18 Warning Device 19 Instructions 20 Marking Requirements of Complete Bicycle 21 Road Test Test Methods 22 Brake Block Test 23 Brake System Load Test 24 Braking Performance Test 25 Back-pedal Brake Linearity Test 26 Steering Assembly Test 27 Impact Tests on Frame-fork Assembly 28 Static Load Test (Wheel) 29 Pedal Tests 30 Saddle and Saddle Pillar Tests 31 Road Test Annex A (Informative) Explanation of Method of Least Squares for Obtaining Line of Best Fit and ±20% Limit Lines for Back-pedal Brake Linearity Test Annex B (Informative) Steering Geometry Bibliography

自行車安全要求 總論 1 范圍 本標準規定了自行車及其零部件的設計、組裝和試驗方面的安全與性能要求，并制定了一些自行車的使用和保養準則。 本標準只適用于在公路上騎行的自行車，其鞍座高度可以調整到635 mm或更高一些。 本標準不適用于其他特殊種類的自行車，諸如零售商用來運送貨物的自行車、串列自行車、童車以及設計和制作用來正式比賽的自行車。 2 規范性引用文件 下列文件中的條款通過本標準的引用而成為本標準的條款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其隨后所有的修改單（不包括勘誤的內容）或修訂版均不適用于本標準，然而，鼓勵根據本標準達成協議的各方研究是否可使用這些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本適用于本標準。 QB/T 1716-1993 自行車 鏈條 QB/T 1723-1993 自行車 車鈴 QB 2191-1995 自行車 反射器 3 術語和定義 下列術語和定義適用于本標準。 3.1 自行車cycle 僅借騎行者的人力，主要以腳蹬驅動，至少有兩個車輪的車輛。 3.2 兩輪車bicycle 兩個車輪的自行車。 3.3 送貨車 delivery bicycle 主要設計用于運送貨物的自行車。 3.4 串列自行車tandem 裝有雙人或多人鞍座，前后依次排列的自行車。 3.5 鞍座高度saddle height 從地平面到鞍座面的高度。測量時，自行車應垂直置于地面，然后從鞍座面的中心垂直測量到地面的距離。 3.6 制動距離 braking distance 從制動初始點(3.7)到自行車停住所行駛的一段距離。 3.7 制動初始點 commencement of braking 當車閘的操縱機構從它的原始位置開始動作時，自行車在試驗跑道上的位置點。用兩個車閘試驗時，初始點的位置由首先動作的車閘來決定。 3.8 行程 gear development 曲柄轉動一周，自行車所行駛的距離。 3.9 外露突出物 exposed protrusion 與長250 mm，直徑83 mm之圓柱棒（模擬人的肢體）的中間75 mm長的那一段圓弧面相碰的突出物體，見圖1。 單位為毫米 圖1 外露突出物測試圓柱棒 3.10 （腳蹬）腳踩面 (pedal) tread surface 位于腳下的腳蹬表面，設計時要考慮其防滑性能。 3.11 鐵類部件 ferrous component 全部由鐵類材料制成的構件組成的部件，但其間的連接介質除外，如銅焊材料或粘結劑。 3.12 非鐵類部件 non-ferrous component 全部由非鐵類材料制成的構件組成的部件，但其間的連接介質除外，如粘結劑。 注：在選擇疲勞試驗中的試驗力時，凡由鐵類和非鐵類構件混合構成的部件均應視作非鐵類部件。 3.13 曲柄組合件 crank assembly 包括兩曲柄、兩腳蹬軸、中軸棍和鏈輪。 零部件的要求 4 總則 4.1 銳邊 在正常的騎行、搬運和維修時，凡騎行者的手、腿等可能觸及之處，都不應有外露的銳邊。 4.2 突出物 經組裝后，凡長度大于8 mm的剛性外露突出物，其尾端均應倒圓，倒圓半徑應不小于6.3 mm，這類突出物的大端尺寸應大于12.7 mm，小端尺寸應大于3.2 mm。 自行車車架的上管上面，自鞍座至鞍座前300 mm處不應有任何突出物，但直徑不大于6.4 mm的控制鋼繩套管和由厚度不大于4.8 mm的材料制作的套管夾則允許系附在上管上。 自行車車架上允許附有起保護作用的泡沫塑料緩沖墊，但將它除去之后仍應符合有關突出物之要求。 螺釘的外露突出部分(3.9)，應限制在與螺母旋緊之后小于螺釘的大徑尺寸。 5 車閘 5.1 制動系統 每輛自行車應裝有兩個制動系統。一個制動前輪，一個制動后輪。制動系統應操縱靈活，并能滿足5.5的要求。 閘皮中不允許含有石棉材料。 5.2 手閘 5.2.1 閘把位置 手閘前后閘把的位置應按自行車銷售地所在國家的立法、習慣和實際使用狀況而定，在我國是前閘把在右，后閘把在左。 5.2.2 握閘尺寸 從閘把的外表面量到車把、或車把把套、或其他防護物的外表面的最大握閘尺寸d，在A和B兩點之間應不大于90 mm，B和C兩點之間應不大于100 mm（見圖2）。 注：閘把應能在其調節范圍內達到這些尺寸。 5.2.3 車閘部件的安裝 把車閘部件安裝到車架、前叉、或車把上時，所用的螺釘應有合適的鎖緊防松裝置，如防松墊圈、防松螺母或對頂螺母。 按制造廠說明書安裝車閘時，緊繩螺釘不應割壞鋼繩的絲股。萬一車閘的鋼繩斷裂，也不應導致車閘機構的任何零件妨礙車輪的旋轉。 鋼繩尾端應裝有一個能承受20 N拉脫力的尾套，以資防護；或作防止絲股松散的其他處置。 5.2.4 閘皮組裝 閘皮應牢固地安裝在背板或閘盒上，按第22章規定之方法試驗時，閘皮組合件不應損壞。在做完第22章規定之試驗以后，制動系統應能滿足5.4.1的強度試驗，以及能滿足5.5.1和5.5.2的制動性能要求。 5.2.5 車閘的調整 車閘應能調整到有效的操縱位置，除非閘皮已磨損到根據制造廠建議、需要掉換的程度。 車閘經正確調整后，除了受閘表面外不能與其他面相碰。 安裝桿閘的自行車，當車把轉角定在60°時，閘皮不能與車輪的輪輞相碰；在車把回復到正中位置時，閘桿應該既無彎曲，也無扭轉。 單位為毫米 支點 支點 圖2握閘尺寸 5.3 腳閘 腳閘應在騎行者用腳對腳蹬施以與驅動方向相反的力時得以制動。制動機構應獨立有效，與驅動齒輪位置或調整無關。曲柄的驅動位置和制動位置之間的位差應不大于60°，測量時，對曲柄每一個位置施加的力矩應不小于14 N·m。 5.4 制動系統的強度 5.4.1 手閘 按23.1規定之方法試驗時，制動系統及其任何零部件不應斷裂。 5.4.2 腳閘 按23.2規定之方法試驗時，制動系統及其任何零部件不應斷裂。 5.5 制動性能 5.5.1 干態制動 按第24章規定之方法試驗時，自行車應以表1給定的騎行速度并在相應的制動距離以內平穩而安全地停住。 5.5.2 濕態制動 按第24章規定之方法試驗時，自行車應以表1給定的騎行速度并在相應的制動距離以內平穩而安全地停住。 表1 制動試驗的速度和制動距離 試驗條件 試驗速度/（km/h） 使用的車閘 制動距離/m 干態 25 使用兩個車閘 7 單用后閘 15 濕態 16 使用兩個車閘 9 單用后閘 19 5.5.3 副閘把 對裝有副閘把的自行車，除了對附有副閘把的主閘把進行試驗以外，還應對副閘把另行試驗。 5.5.4 腳閘線性 按第25章規定之方法試驗時，在腳蹬力為90 N~300 N的范圍內，制動力應與腳蹬力呈線性比例（誤差在±20%以內）。此外，腳蹬力為300 N時，制動力應不小于150 N。 6 車把 6.1 把橫管 把橫管的總寬度應在350 mm~700 mm之間。按制造廠的說明書安裝時，處于最高位置時的把套上端面與處于最低位置時的鞍座面之間的垂直距離應不大于400 mm。 把橫管末端應裝有把套或把蓋，它們應能承受70 N的拉脫力。 6.2 把立管 把立管上應有一個永久性標記，清楚地表示把立管插入前叉立管的最少深度，或者用一個可靠的永久性裝置來保證其最少插入深度。插入標記或插入深度從把立管末端量起應不小于管徑的2.5倍，且在標記下面至少應有一個管徑長度的管子材料沒有切槽。插入標記不應損傷把立管的強度。 6.3 把立管的絲桿 把芯絲桿的最小斷裂力矩至少應比制造廠規定的最大旋緊力矩大50%。 6.4 車把穩定性 車把經正確調整后，應在正前方位置的左右兩側各不小于60°的范圍內轉向靈活，軸承處不應出現緊點、僵呆或松弛現象。 當騎行者坐在鞍座上，雙手握住車把把套，并使鞍座和騎行者盡量往后靠時，自行車和騎行者的總質量至少應有25%壓在前輪上。 車把的幾何位置圖推薦于附錄B（資料性附錄）。 6.5 車把部件的強度 把立管應能承受26.1.1和26.1.2規定的試驗而不斷裂。 按26.2規定之方法試驗時，把橫管相對于把立管應無轉動。 按26.3規定之方法試驗時，把立管相對于前叉立管應無轉動，但在擰緊其密接面之間的間隙之前所需要的轉動除外，這種轉動應不大于5°。 6.6 把橫管和把立管組合件的疲勞試驗 按26.4規定之方法試驗時，把橫管或把立管應無斷裂或肉眼能見之裂紋。 注：在本標準中所有裂紋的檢測，我們推薦采用ISO 3452中規定的標準的裂紋檢驗方法。 7 車架/前叉組合件 7.1 沖擊試驗（重物落下） 按27.1規定之方法試驗時，組合件應無肉眼能見之裂紋，在其前后軸中心距（輪距）上測得的永久變形應不大于40 mm。 7.2 沖擊試驗（車架/前叉組合件落下） 按27.2規定之方法試驗時，組合件應無肉眼能見之裂紋。 8 前叉 8.1 定位裝置 前叉安裝前軸處的槽口或其他的前軸定位裝置，必須是：當前軸或軸擋緊貼在槽口的頂部時，前輪應位于前叉的中央。 8.2 前叉的疲勞試驗 按27.3規定之方法試驗時，前叉之各部分應無斷裂或肉眼能見之裂紋。 9 車輪 9.1 轉動精度 轉動精度就是指（軸的）圓跳動公差。在9.1.1和9.1.2中給定的圓跳動公差是指車輪完全組裝好 以后，在沒有軸向竄動的情況下旋轉一周，輪輞位置的最大允許變動范圍（即指示器的最大動程）。 9.1.1 徑向圓跳動公差 對裝有輪緣閘的自行車，在輪輞上適當點處沿輪輞作徑向測量時，其跳動量應不大于2 mm（見圖3）。 輪胎 輪輞 輻條 輪軸支承架 儀表支架 百分表（徑向） 百分表（端面） 儀表支架 圖3 車輪的轉動精度 對不是裝輪緣閘的自行車，其跳動量應不大于4 mm。 9.1.2 端面圓跳動公差 對裝有輪緣閘的自行車，在輪輞上適當點處沿輪輞作軸向測量時，其跳動量應不大于2 mm（見圖3）。 對不是裝輪緣閘的自行車，其跳動量應不大于4 mm。 9.2 間隙 車輪部件經裝車校正后，其輪胎對于車架和前叉上之任何附件之間的間隙應不小于2 mm。 9.3 靜負荷試驗 組裝好的車輪按第28章規定之方法試驗時，其任何零部件不應斷裂，輪輞上掛重點的永久變形應不大于1.5 mm。