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GB/T 230 consists of the following three parts under the general title of Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test:
——Part 1: Test method;
——Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines;
——Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks.
This part is Part 1 of GB/T 230.
This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T 230.1-2009 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 230.1-2009:
——The materials of standard type of Rockwell ball indenter are modified (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 2009);
——The serviceable range of the steel indenter balls is modified (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 2009);
——The applicable range of Rockwell hardness HRA and HRB is modified (see Table 1; Table 1 of Edition 2009);
——The rules for applicable range of Rockwell hardness HRC extending to 10HRC are modified (see note in Table 1; note in Table 1 of Edition 2009);
——The durations of the preliminary force F0 and the additional test force F1 are modified (see 7.6 and 7.9; 7.3 and 7.5 of Edition 2009);
——The distance between the centers of two adjacent indentations is modified (see 7.13; 7.8 of Edition 2009);
——The rounding requirements for Rockwell hardness value are deleted [see d), Clause 9 of Edition 2009];
——The requirements of specimen roughness are modified (see 6.1 of Edition 2009);
——The indenter used in the thin products HR30TSm and HR15TSm in Annex A is modified (see Note 1 of Annex A; A.1 in Annex A of Edition 2009);
——Annex C is changed as normative annex, and the contents of the daily verification procedures in Annex C are modified (see Annex C; Annex E of Edition 2009);
——Annex D is changed as normative annex (see Annex D; Annex F of Edition 2009);
——The evaluation method related to uncertainty of measured hardness values in Annex G is modified (see Annex G; Annex G of Edition 2009).
This part is modified in relation to international standard ISO 6508-1:2016 Metallic Materials - Rockwell Hardness Test - Part 1: Test Method”.
The structure of this part is basically consistent with ISO 6508-1:2016. Technical differences between this part and ISO 6508-1:2016 are marked with perpendicular single line (|) in the outside page margin of the provisions concerned. Compared with ISO 6508-1:2016, technical differences and their reasons are as follows:
——The adjustment in "Normative references" of this part has technical differences to meet the technical specification in China; the adjustment situations are embodied in a concentrated way in Clause 2 "Normative references" and the specific adjustments are as follows:
● ISO 6508-2 is replaced by GB/T 230.2 which is modified in relation to the international standard;
● ISO 6508-3 is replaced by GB/T 230.3 which is modified in relation to the international standard;
● JJG 112 is added for reference (see Clause 5).
● JJG 1059.1 is added for reference (see Clause 8).
The following editorial changes are also made in this part:
——Figure G.1 and corresponding notes are added in Annex G;
——The order of Annex C, Annex D, Annex E, and Annex F is adjusted according to the appearing order in the standard;
——Annex H and Annex I of the international standard are deleted.
This part was proposed by China Iron and Steel Association.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Iron and Steel of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 183).
The previous editions of this part are as follows:
——GB/T 230-1983, GB/T 230-1991, GB/T 230.1-2004 and GB/T 230.1-2009;
——GB/T 1818-1979, GB/T 1818-1994.
Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test -
Part 1: Test method
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 230 specifies the method for Rockwell regular and Rockwell superficial hardness tests for metallic materials with scales of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, 15N, 30N, 45N, 15T, 30T, and 45T.
It is applicable to stationary and portable hardness testing machines. For specific materials or products, other specific standards apply (for instance, GB/T 3849.1[1], GB/T 9097[2]).
Note: Attention is drawn to the fact that the use of tungsten carbide composite for ball indenters is considered to be the standard type of Rockwell indenter ball. Steel indenter balls are allowed to continue to be used only when complying with Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 230.2-2012 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines (Scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (GB/T 230.2-2012, ISO 6508-2: 2005, MOD)
GB/T 230.3 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks (Scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (GB/T 230.3-2012, ISO 6508-3: 2005, MOD)
JJG 112 Metallic Rockwell hardness testers (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)
JJF 1059.1 Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in measurement
3 Principle
An indenter of specified size, shape, and material is forced into the surface of a test specimen under two force levels using the specific conditions defined in Clause 7. The specified preliminary force is applied and the initial indentation depth is measured, followed by the application and removal of a specified additional force, returning to the preliminary force. The final indentation depth is then measured and the Rockwell hardness value is derived from the difference, h, in the final and initial indentation depths and the two constants N and S (see Figure 1, Table 1, and Table 2) as shown in Formula (1):
Rockwell hardness= (1)
4 Symbols, abbreviated terms and designations
4.1 The symbols, abbreviations terms and designations used in this part are shown in Figure 1, Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3. Indenters with diameters of 6.350mm and 12.70mm are also available, as permitted by product standards or agreement. See the indenter used in other scales in ASTM E18 [10].
Note 1: For some materials, the applicable range may be narrower than that shown in the table.
Note 2: The previous unit of test force is kgf. For example, the total test force of 30kgf is converted to 294.2N.
Key
X——time
Y——indenter position
1——indentation depth by preliminary force, F0
2——indentation depth by additional test force, F1
3——elastic recovery just after removal of additional test force, F1
4——permanent indentation depth, h
5——surface of specimen
6——reference plane for measurement
7——position of indenter
8——curve of indentation depth relative to time
Figure 1 Principle diagram of Rockwell hardness test
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Table 1 Rockwell Regular hardness scales
Rockwell regular hardness scale Hardness symbol unit Type of indenter Preliminary force F0 Total force F Scaling constant S Full range constant N Applicable range of application (Rockwell regular hardness scales)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
K HRA
HRBW
HRC
HRD
HREW
HRFW
HRGW
HRHW
HRKW Diamond cone
Ball 1.587 5mm
Diamond cone
Diamond cone
Ball 3.175mm
Ball 1.587 5mm
Ball 1.587 5mm
Ball 3.175mm
Ball 3.175mm 98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 NP 588.4 N
980.7 N
1.471 kN
980.7 N
980.7 N
588.4 N
1.471 kN
588.4 N
1.471 kN 0.002mm
0.002mm
0.002mm
0.002mm
0.002mm
0.002mm
0.002mm
0.002mm
0.002mm 100
130
100
100
130
130
130
130
130 20 HRA~95 HRA
10 HRBW~100 HRBW
20 HRCa~70 HRC
40 HRD~77 HRD
70 HREW~100 HREW
60 HRFW~100 HRFW
30 HRGW~94 HRGW
80 HRHW~100 HRHW
40 HRKW~100 HRKW
a The applicable range of the test can be extended to 10 HRC if the surfaces of the diamond cone and spherical tip are polished along the axis of diamond cone and at least 0.4mm away from the tip.
Table 2 Rockwell Superficial scales
Rockwell superficial hardness scale Hardness symbol unit Type of indenter Preliminary force F0 Total force F Scaling constant S Full range constant N Applicable range of application (Rockwell superficial hardness scales)
15N
30N
45N
15T
30T
45T
HR15N
HR30N
HR45N
HR15TW
HR30TW
HR45TW
Diamond cone
Diamond cone
Diamond cone
Ball 1.587 5mm
Ball 1.587 5mm
Ball 1.587 5mm
29.42N
29.42N
29.42N
29.42N
29.42N
29.42N
147.1N
294.2N
441.3N
147.1N
294.2N
441.3N
0.001mm
0.001mm
0.001mm
0.001mm
0.001mm
0.001mm
100
100
100
100
100
100
70 HR15N~94 HR15N
42 HR30N~86 HR30N
20 HR45N~77 HR45N
67 HR15TW~93 HR15TW
29 HR30TW~82 HR30TW
10 HR45TW~72 HR45TW
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Table 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms
Symbol/Abbreviated term Definition Unit
F0 Preliminary test force N
F1 Additional test force (total force minus preliminary force) N
F Total test force N
S Scaling constant, specific to the scale mm
N Full range constant, specific to the scale —
h Permanent depth of indentation under preliminary test force after removal of additional test force (permanent indentation depth) mm
HRA
HRC
HRD Rockwell regular hardness =
HRBW
HREW
HRFW
HRGW
HRHW
HRKW Rockwell regular hardness =
HRN
HRTW Rockwell superficial hardness=
4.2 The following is an example of the designation of Rockwell hardness.
Example:
Note 1: Previous versions of GB/T230 allowed the use of steel indenter balls, which required the suffix S.
Note 2: The HR30TSm and HR15TSm scales are defined in Annex A, a capital S and a lower-case m are used indicating the use of steel indenter balls and a diamond spot specimen holder.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Principle
4 Symbols, abbreviated terms and designations
5 Testing machine
6 Test piece
8 Uncertainty of the results
9 Test report
10 Conversions to other hardness scales or tensile strength values
Annex A (Normative) Special HR30TSm and HR15TSm test for thin products
Annex B (Normative) Minimum thickness of the test piece in relation to the Rockwell hardness
Annex C (Normative) Daily verification procedure
Annex D (Normative) Inspection of diamond indenters
Annex E (Normative) Corrections to be added to Rockwell hardness values obtained on convex cylindrical surfaces
Annex F (Normative) Corrections to be added to Rockwell hardness C scale values obtained on convex spherical test surfaces
Annex G (Informative) Uncertainty of the measured hardness values
Bibliography
金屬材料 洛氏硬度試驗(yàn)
第1部分:試驗(yàn)方法
1 范圍
GB/T 230的本部分規(guī)定了標(biāo)尺為A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、K、15N、30N、45N、15T、30T和45T的金屬材料洛氏硬度和表面洛氏硬度的試驗(yàn)方法。
本部分適用于固定式和便攜式洛氏硬度計(jì)。對于特定的材料或產(chǎn)品,適用其他特定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),例如:GB/T 3849.1[1]、GB/T 9097[2]。
注:碳化鎢合金球形壓頭為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型洛氏硬度壓頭,鋼球壓頭僅在滿足附錄A的情況下才可使用。
2規(guī)范性引用文件
下列文件對于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 230.2—2012金屬材料 洛氏硬度試驗(yàn) 第2部分:硬度計(jì)(A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、K、N、T標(biāo)尺)的檢驗(yàn)與校準(zhǔn)(GB/T 230.2—2012,ISO 6508—2:2005,MOD)
GB/T 230.3金屬材料 洛氏硬度試驗(yàn) 第3部分:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)硬度塊(A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、K、N、T標(biāo)尺)的標(biāo)定(GB/T 230.3—2012,ISO 6508—3:2005,MOD)
JJG 112 金屬洛氏硬度計(jì)(A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、K、N、T標(biāo)尺)
JJF 1059.1測量不確定度評定與表示
3原理
將特定尺寸、形狀和材料的壓頭按照第7章的規(guī)定分兩級試驗(yàn)力壓入試樣表面,初試驗(yàn)力加載后,測量初始壓痕深度。隨后施加主試驗(yàn)力,在卸除主試驗(yàn)力后保持初試驗(yàn)力時(shí)測量最終壓痕深度,洛氏硬度根據(jù)最終壓痕深度和初始壓痕深度的差值h及常數(shù)N和S(見圖1、表1和表2)通過式(1)計(jì)算給出:
洛氏硬度= (1)
4符號、縮寫術(shù)語和名稱
4.1 本部分使用的符號、縮寫術(shù)語和名稱見圖1、表1、表2及表3。如產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或協(xié)議允許,直徑為6.350 mm和12.70 mm的壓頭也可以使用。參見ASTM E18[10]中其他標(biāo)尺所使用的壓頭。
注1:對于某些材料,適用范圍可能比表中所示要窄。
注2:試驗(yàn)力以前使用kgf為單位。例如:30 kgf的總試驗(yàn)力換算為294.2 N。
說明:
X——時(shí)間;
Y——壓頭位置;
1——在初試驗(yàn)力F0下的壓入深度;
2——由主試驗(yàn)力F1引起的壓入深度;
3——卸除主試驗(yàn)力F1后的彈性回復(fù)深度;
4——?dú)堄鄩汉凵疃萮;
5——試樣表面;
6——測量基準(zhǔn)面;
7——壓頭位置;
8——壓頭深度相對時(shí)間的曲線。
圖1 洛氏硬度試驗(yàn)原理圖
表1洛氏硬度標(biāo)尺
洛氏
硬度
標(biāo)尺 硬度符號單位 壓頭類型 初試驗(yàn)力F0 總試驗(yàn)力F 標(biāo)尺常數(shù)S 全量程常數(shù)N 適用范圍
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
K HRA
HRBW
HRC
HRD
HREW
HRFW
HRGW
HRHW
HRKW 金剛石圓錐
直徑1.587 5 mm球
金剛石圓錐
金剛石圓錐
直徑3.175 mm球
直徑1.587 5 mm球
直徑1.587 5 mm球
直徑3.175 mm球
直徑3.175 mm球 98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 N
98.07 NP 588.4 N
980.7 N
1.473 kN
980.7 N
980.7 N
588.4 N
1.471 kN
588.4 N
1.471 kN 0.002 mm
0.002 mm
0.002 mm
0.002 mm
0.002 mm
0.002 mm
0.002 mm
0.002 mm
0.002 mm 100
130
100
100
130
130
130
130
130 20 HRA~95 HRA
10 HRBW~100 HRBW
20 HRCa~70 HRC
40 HRD~77 HRD
70 HREW~100 HREW
60 HRFW~100 HRFW
30 HRGW~94 HRGW
80 HRHW~100 HRHW
40 HRKW~100 HRKW
a當(dāng)金剛石圓錐表面和頂端球面是經(jīng)過拋光的,且拋光至沿金剛石圓錐軸向距離尖端至少0.4 mm,試驗(yàn)適用范圍可延伸至10 HRC。
表2表面洛氏硬度標(biāo)尺
表面洛氏硬度標(biāo)尺 硬度符號單位 壓頭類型 初試驗(yàn)力F0 總試驗(yàn)力F 標(biāo)尺常數(shù)S 全量程常數(shù)N 適用范圍
(表面洛氏硬度標(biāo)尺)
15 N
30 N
45 N
15 T
30 T
45 T HR15 N
HR30 N
HR45 N
HR15 TW
HR30 TW
HR45 TW 金剛石圓錐
金剛石圓錐
金剛石圓錐直徑1.587 5 mm球
直徑1.587 5 mm球
直徑1.587 5 mm球 29.42 N
29.42 N
29.42 N
29.42 N
29.42 N
29.42 N 147.1 N
294.2 N
441.3 N
147.1 N
294.2 N
441.3 N 0.001 mm
0.001 mm
0.001 mm
0.001 mm
0.001 mm
0.001 mm 100
100
100
100
100
100 70 HR15 N~94 HR15 N
42 HR30 N~86 HR30 N
20 HR45 N~77 HR45 N
67 HR15 TW~93 HR15 TW
29 HR30 TW~82 HR30 TW
10 HR45 TW~72 HR45 TW
表3 符號及縮寫術(shù)語
符號/縮寫術(shù)語 說明 單位
F0 初試驗(yàn)力 N
F1 主試驗(yàn)力(總試驗(yàn)力減去初試驗(yàn)力) N
F 總試驗(yàn)力 N
S 給定標(biāo)尺的標(biāo)尺常數(shù) mm
N 給定標(biāo)尺的全量程常數(shù) —
h 卸除主試驗(yàn)力,在初試驗(yàn)力下壓痕殘留的深度(殘余壓痕深度) mm
HRA
HRC
HRD 洛氏硬度=
HRBW
HREW
HRFW
HRGW
HRHW
HRKW 洛氏硬度=
HRN
HRTW 表面洛氏硬度=
4.2洛氏硬度的表示方法如下示例。
示例:
使用球形壓頭的類型
W=碳化鎢合金
洛氏標(biāo)尺符號(見表1或表2)
洛氏硬度符號
洛氏硬度值
注1:GB/T 230的以前版本允許使用鋼球壓頭,并加后綴S表示。
注2:HR30TSm和HR15TSm在附錄A進(jìn)行了定義,使用大寫S和小寫m來表明使用鋼球壓頭和金剛石試樣支撐臺。
5試驗(yàn)設(shè)備
5.1 硬度計(jì)
硬度計(jì)應(yīng)能按表1和表2的部分或全部標(biāo)尺及第7章的要求施加試驗(yàn)力,并符合GB/T 230.2—2012或JJG 112的規(guī)定。
5.2金剛石圓錐體壓頭
金剛石圓錐壓頭應(yīng)滿足GB/T 230.2—2012或JJG 112的要求,壓頭錐角應(yīng)為120°,頂部曲率半徑應(yīng)為0.2 mm,可以證實(shí)用于以下試驗(yàn):
——僅作為洛氏硬度標(biāo)尺使用;
——僅作為表面洛氏硬度標(biāo)尺使用;
——同時(shí)作為洛氏硬度標(biāo)尺和表面洛氏硬度使用。
5.3球形壓頭
碳化鎢合金球形壓頭的直徑為1.587 5 mm或3.175 mm,并符合GB/T 230.2—2012的要求。
注1:球形壓頭通常由一個(gè)壓頭球和壓頭體組成。如果接觸試樣的端部為球形的單體壓頭滿足GB/T 230.2—2012中6.3.1尺寸、形狀、拋光、硬度的要求以及滿足GB/T 230.2—2012中6.3.2的性能要求,這種端部為球形的單體壓頭也可以使用。
注2:碳化鎢合金球形壓頭為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型洛氏硬度壓頭,鋼球壓頭僅在HR30TSm和HR15TSm時(shí)使用,見附錄A。
6試樣
6.1 除非材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或合同另有規(guī)定,試樣表面應(yīng)平坦光滑,并且不應(yīng)有氧化皮及外來污物,尤其不應(yīng)有油脂。在做可能會與壓頭粘結(jié)的活性金屬的硬度試驗(yàn)時(shí),例如鈦;可以使用某種合適的油性介質(zhì),例如煤油。使用的介質(zhì)應(yīng)在試驗(yàn)報(bào)告中注明。
6.2試樣的制備應(yīng)使受熱或冷加工等因素對試樣表面硬度的影響減至最小。尤其對于壓痕深度淺的試樣應(yīng)特別注意。
6.3 附錄B給出了洛氏硬度與試樣最小厚度關(guān)系圖。對于用金剛石圓錐壓頭進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn),試樣或試驗(yàn)層厚度應(yīng)不小于殘余壓痕深度的10倍;對于用球壓頭進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn),試樣或試驗(yàn)層的厚度應(yīng)不小于殘余壓痕深度的15倍。除非可以證明使用較薄的試樣對試驗(yàn)結(jié)果沒有影響。通常情況下,試驗(yàn)后試樣的背而不應(yīng)有變形出現(xiàn)。對于特別薄的薄板金屬,應(yīng)符合HR30TSm和HR15TSm標(biāo)尺的特別要求,見附錄A。
6.4在凸圓柱而和凸球面上進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)時(shí),應(yīng)采用洛氏硬度修正值,見7.11。
7試驗(yàn)程序
7.1 試驗(yàn)一般在10℃~35℃的室溫下進(jìn)行。當(dāng)環(huán)境溫度不滿足該規(guī)定要求時(shí),試驗(yàn)室需要評估該環(huán)境下對于試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生的影響。當(dāng)試驗(yàn)溫度不在10℃~35℃范圍內(nèi)時(shí),應(yīng)記錄并在報(bào)告中注明。
注:如果在試驗(yàn)或者校準(zhǔn)時(shí)溫度有明顯的變化,測量的不確定度可能會增加,并且可能會出現(xiàn)測量超差的情況。
7.2 使用者應(yīng)在當(dāng)天使用硬度計(jì)之前,對所用標(biāo)尺根據(jù)附錄C進(jìn)行日常檢查。金剛石壓頭應(yīng)按照附錄D的要求進(jìn)行檢查。
7.3在變換或更換壓頭、壓頭球或載物臺之后,應(yīng)至少進(jìn)行兩次測試并將結(jié)果舍棄,然后按照附錄C進(jìn)行日常檢查以確保硬度計(jì)的壓頭和載物臺安裝正確。
7.4壓頭應(yīng)是上一次間接校準(zhǔn)時(shí)使用的,如果不是上一次間接校準(zhǔn)時(shí)使用的,壓頭應(yīng)按照附錄C中對常用的硬度標(biāo)尺至少使用兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)硬度塊進(jìn)行核查(硬度塊按照GB/T 230.2—2012表1中選取高值和低值各1個(gè))。該條款不適用于只更換球的情況。
7.5試樣應(yīng)放置在剛性支承物上,并使壓頭軸線和加載方向與試樣表面垂直,同時(shí)應(yīng)避免試樣產(chǎn)生位移。應(yīng)對圓柱形試樣作適當(dāng)支承,例如放置在洛氏硬度值不低于60 HRC的帶有定心V型槽或雙圓柱的試樣臺上。由于任何垂直方向的不同心都可能造成錯(cuò)誤的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,所以應(yīng)特別注意使壓頭、試樣、定心V型槽與硬度計(jì)支座中心對中。
7.6使壓頭與試樣表面接觸,無沖擊、振動、擺動和過載地施加初試驗(yàn)力F0,初試驗(yàn)力的加載時(shí)間不超過2 s,保持時(shí)間應(yīng)為3 s。
注:初試驗(yàn)力的保持時(shí)間范圍是不對稱的。
例如:3 s表示3 s是理想的保持時(shí)間,可接受的保持時(shí)間范圍是1 s~4 s。
7.7初始壓痕深度測量。手動(刻度盤)硬度計(jì)需要給指示刻度盤設(shè)置設(shè)定點(diǎn)或設(shè)置零位。自動(數(shù)顯)硬度計(jì)的初始壓痕深度測量是自動進(jìn)行,不需要使用者進(jìn)行輸入,同時(shí)初始壓痕深度的測量也可能不顯示。
7.8無沖擊、振動、擺動和過載地施加主試驗(yàn)力F1,使試驗(yàn)力從初試驗(yàn)力F0增加至總試驗(yàn)力F。洛氏硬度主試驗(yàn)力的加載時(shí)間為1 s~8 s。所有HRN和HRTW表面洛氏硬度的主試驗(yàn)力加載時(shí)間不超過4 s。建議采用與間接校準(zhǔn)時(shí)相同的加載時(shí)間。
注:資料表明,某些材料可能對應(yīng)變速率較敏感,應(yīng)變速率的改變可能引起屈服應(yīng)力值輕微變化,影響到壓痕形成,從而可能改變測試的硬度值。
7.9總試驗(yàn)力F的保持時(shí)間為5 s,卸除主試驗(yàn)力F1,初試驗(yàn)力F0保持4 s后,進(jìn)行最終讀數(shù)。對于在總試驗(yàn)力施加期間有壓痕蠕變的試驗(yàn)材料,由于壓頭可能會持續(xù)壓入,所以應(yīng)特別注意。若材料要求的總試驗(yàn)力保持時(shí)間超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所允許的6 s時(shí),實(shí)際的總試驗(yàn)力保持時(shí)間應(yīng)在試驗(yàn)結(jié)果中注明(例如65 HRF/10 s)。
7.10保持初試驗(yàn)力測量最終壓痕深度。洛氏硬度值由式(1)使用殘余壓痕深度h計(jì)算,相應(yīng)的信息由表1、表2和表3給出。對于大多數(shù)洛氏硬度計(jì),壓痕深度測量是采用自動計(jì)算從而顯示洛氏硬度值的方式進(jìn)行。圖1中說明了洛氏硬度值的求出過程。
7.11 對于在凸圓柱面和凸球面上進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn),需要按附錄E(表E.1、表E.2、表E.3和表E.4)和附錄F(表F.1)進(jìn)行修正,修正值應(yīng)在報(bào)告中注明。未規(guī)定在凹面上試驗(yàn)的修正值,在凹面上試驗(yàn)時(shí),應(yīng)協(xié)商解決。
7.12在試驗(yàn)過程中,硬度計(jì)應(yīng)避免受到?jīng)_擊或振動。
7.13兩相鄰壓痕中心之間的距離至少應(yīng)為壓痕直徑的3倍,任一壓痕中心距試樣邊緣的距離至少應(yīng)為壓痕直徑的2.5倍。
8 結(jié)果的不確定度
一次完整的不確定度評定宜依照測量不確定度表示指南JJF 1059.1進(jìn)行。對于硬度,與來源類型無關(guān),有以下兩種測量不確定度的評定方法可供選擇:
——基于在直接校準(zhǔn)中對所有出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)不確定度分量的評定,參考EURAMET Guide CG-16[3];
——基于用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)硬度塊(有證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì))進(jìn)行間接校準(zhǔn)[2,3,4],測定指導(dǎo)參見附錄G。
9試驗(yàn)報(bào)告
除非另有規(guī)定,試驗(yàn)報(bào)告應(yīng)至少包括以下內(nèi)容:
a) GB/T 230的本部分編號;
b)與試樣有關(guān)的詳細(xì)資料,包括試樣表面的曲率;
c) 如果試驗(yàn)溫度不在10℃~35℃之間.應(yīng)注明試驗(yàn)溫度;
d) 以4.2的格式表示的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果;
e) 不在本部分規(guī)定之內(nèi)的操作或可選操作;
f) 可能影響試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的各種細(xì)節(jié);
g)如果總試驗(yàn)力的保持時(shí)間超過6 s,應(yīng)注明總試驗(yàn)力的保持時(shí)間;
h)試驗(yàn)日期;
i) 如果轉(zhuǎn)換成其他硬度,轉(zhuǎn)換的依據(jù)和方法應(yīng)注明(參見GB/T 33362[11])。
10換算成其他硬度或抗拉強(qiáng)度值
尚無普遍適用的方法將洛氏硬度值精確地?fù)Q成其他硬度或抗拉強(qiáng)度,因此應(yīng)避免這種換算,除非通過對比試驗(yàn)得到可比較的換算方法(參見GB/T 33362[11])。
附 錄A
(規(guī)范性附錄)
薄產(chǎn)品HR30TSm和HR15TSm試驗(yàn)
A.1 一般要求
本試驗(yàn)適用于最大厚度為0.6 mm至產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所示最小厚度、最高硬度值為82HR30TSm或93HR15TSm的薄金屬片。產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)規(guī)定何種情況下采用HR30TSm或HR15TSm進(jìn)行硬度試驗(yàn)。
本附錄的條件與本部分中規(guī)定的HR30TW或HR15TW試驗(yàn)條件相似,但允許在壓痕背面出現(xiàn)變形痕跡。
注1:標(biāo)尺中Sm表示在試驗(yàn)中使用鋼球壓頭和金剛石試樣支座。
注2:試驗(yàn)之前,需要在已知硬度值的薄樣品上進(jìn)行硬度測試,以確保試樣支座表面不會影響測量結(jié)果。
除按本部分試驗(yàn)外,還應(yīng)滿足以下各項(xiàng)要求。
A.2球形壓頭
試驗(yàn)使用的硬化鋼球直徑為1.587 5 mm,并符合GB/T 230.2—2012的要求。
A.3試樣支座
試樣支座應(yīng)包含直徑約為4.5 mm經(jīng)拋光和光滑平整的金剛石平板。支座面應(yīng)與壓頭軸線垂直,支座軸線應(yīng)與主軸同軸,并能穩(wěn)固精確地安裝于硬度計(jì)試樣臺上。
A.4試樣制備
如有必要減薄試樣,要對試樣上下兩面進(jìn)行加工,加工中應(yīng)避免如發(fā)熱或冷作硬化等對基體金屬性能的影響。基體金屬不應(yīng)薄于最小允許厚度。
A.5壓痕距離
如無其他規(guī)定,兩相鄰壓痕中心間距離或任一壓痕中心距試樣邊緣距離不小于5 mm。
附 錄 B
(規(guī)范性附錄)
洛氏硬度與試樣最小厚度關(guān)系
圖B.1、圖B.2和圖B.3給出了試樣或試驗(yàn)層的最小厚度。