Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization—Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
This standard replaces GB/T 11640-2011 Seamless aluminium alloy gas cylinders, and the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 11640-2011:
——In the applicability of scope, the scope of nominal volume is modified, and the upper limit of volume is adjusted to 150L (see Clause 1; Clause 1 of Edition 2011);
——Aluminum alloy material designation 7032 and 7060 for aluminum cylinders are added (see 5.1.1.1);
——The compatibility requirements are modified (see 5.1.1.3; 5.1.3 of Edition 2011);
——The calculation formula of design of wall thickness is modified (see 5.2.2.3; 5.2.1.3 of Edition 2011);
——The control requirements for heat treatment temperature and time are added (see 5.3.5.2);
——The provision that the volume residual deformation rate can be exempted for aluminum cylinders of 12L and below is added (see 6.2.2);
——The relevant regulations on leak-before-break test of high-strength aluminum cylinders with minimum guaranteed yield strength greater than 380MPa are added (see 6.10);
——The requirement for gases suitable for filling in aluminum cylinders is deleted (see Annex C of Edition 2011).
This document is prepared with reference to ISO 7866: 2012 Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless aluminium alloy gas cylinder—Design, construction and testing, and is not equivalent to ISO 7866: 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Gas Cylinder of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 31).
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
——It was first issued as GB 11640-1989 in 1989;
——It was first revised to GB/T 11640-2001 in 2001, and second revised in 2011;
——This is the third revision.
Seamless aluminum alloy gas cylinders
1 Scope
This document specifies the terms and definitions, symbols, types and parameters, technical requirements, test methods and conformity indicators, inspection rules, marking, coating, packaging, transportation, storage, product certificate and batch inspection quality certificate of seamless aluminum alloy gas cylinders (hereinafter referred to as "aluminum cylinders").
This document is applicable to the design and manufacture of refillable aluminum cylinders with nominal working pressure not greater than 30MPa, nominal volume not greater than 150L, ambient temperature of -40°C to 60°C and used to contain compressed gas or liquefied gas.
This document is not applicable to cylinder pressure vessels attached to transportation tools and machinery and equipment.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 192 General purpose metric screw threads—Basic profile
GB/T 196 General purpose metric screw threads—Basic dimensions
GB/T 197 General purpose metric screw threads—Tolerances
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials—Tensile testing—Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
GB/T 230.1 Metallic materials—Rockwell hardness test—Part 1: Test method
GB/T 231.1 Metallic materials—Brinell hardness test—Part 1: Test method
GB/T 232 Metallic materials—Bend test
GB/T 3191 Aluminium and aluminium alloys extruded bars, rods
GB/T 3245.1 Inspection method for structure of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy products—Part 1: Inspection method for microstructure
GB/T 3246.2 Inspection method for structure of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy products—Part 2: Inspection method for macrostructure
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GB/T 3880.1 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy plates, sheets and strips for general engineering—Part 1: Technical conditions of delivery
GB/T 3880.2 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy plates, sheets and strips for general engineering—Part 2: Mechanical properties
GB/T 3880.3 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy plates, sheets and strips for general engineering—Part 3: Tolerances on forms and dimensions
GB/T 3934 Specification of gauges for general purpose screw threads
GB/T 4437.1 Aluminium and aluminium alloy extruded tubes—Part 1: Seamless tubes
GB/T 6519 Ultrasonic inspection of wrought aluminium and magnesium alloy products
GB/T 7144 Coloured cylinder mark for gases
GB/T 7999 Optical emission spectrometric analysis method of aluminum and aluminum alloys
GB/T 8335 Special threads for gas cylinders
GB/T 8336 Special thread gauges for gas cylinders
GB/T 9251 Methods for hydrostatic test of gas cylinders
GB/T 9252 Method for pressure cycling test of gas cylinders
GB/T 12137 Methods for leakage test of gas cylinders
GB/T 13005 Terminology of gas cylinders
GB/T 15385 Method for hydraulic burst test of gas cylinder
GB/T 15970.6-2007 Corrosion of metals and alloys—Stress corrosion testing—Part 6: Preparation and use of pre-cracked specimens for tests under constant load or constant displacement
GB/T 20975 (All parts) Methods for chemical analysis of aluminium and aluminium alloys
YS/T 67 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy columniform ingots
ISO 11114-1 Gas cylinders—Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents—Part 1: Metallic materials
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3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 13005 and the following apply.
3.1.1
solution treatment
thermal treatment which consists of heating aluminum cylinder shell to a suitable temperature and holding them at that temperature long enough to allow surplus phase fully dissolved in the solid solution, and then rapidly cooling to obtain supersaturated solid solution
3.1.2
batch
quantity of aluminum cylinders heat treated in the same period according to the same design, the same furnace number, the same manufacturing process and the same heat treatment specification
Note: When the control conditions of quality factors are the same, the products heat treated in different furnaces may consist a batch.
3.1.3
yield stress
value corresponding to the 0.2% non-proportional elongation
3.1.4
design stress factor
ratio of equivalent wall stress at test pressure to the guaranteed minimum yield strength
3.1.5
artificial ageing
heat treatment process of aluminum cylinder shell after solution treatment and heat preservation at proper temperature, in which the solute phase is precipitated to give an increased yield stress and tensile stress
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3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.
A——percentage elongation after fracture, %;
a——fatigue crack length, mm;
a0——original thickness of tensile specimen, mm;
b0——original width of tensile specimen, mm;
C——circumferential tear width of blasting breach, mm;
Df——diameter of the indenter in bend test, mm;
Di——nominal inner diameter of cylindrical shell, mm;
D0——nominal outer diameter of cylindrical shell, mm;
E——modulus of elasticity;
F——design stress factor;
KIAPP——applied elastic stress stress, MPa·m1/2;
L0——length of artificial defect, mm;
l0——original gauge length of tensile specimen, mm;
pb——actual burst pressure, MPa;
ph——hydraulic test pressure, MPa;
pw——nominal working pressure, MPa;
py——measured yield pressure, MPa;
R——radius of indenter cutting edge for flattening test, mm;
Rc——cutting radius of tools, mm;
R e——minimum guaranteed yield stress of shell material after heat treatment, MPa;
Rea——measured yield stress, MPa;
ReSLC——mean yield stress of two specimens representing SLC specimen prepared from test aluminum cylinders at ambient temperature, MPa;
Rg——minimum guaranteed tensile strength of shell material after heat treatment, MPa;
Rm——measured tensile strength, MPa;
r——inner corner radius of the cylinder, mm;
rc——top angle radius of the tool tip, mm;
r1——inner radius of the cylinder, mm;
S——design wall thickness of cylindrical shell, mm;
Sa——actual wall thickness of cylindrical shell, mm;
Sa0——actual mean wall thickness of cylindrical shell, mm; In: mm;
SLC——Crack under constant load;
S0——Original cross-sectional area of the tensile specimens, mm2. In: mm2;
S——Thickness of cylinder bottom center, mm;
T——Indenter spacing for flattening test, mm;
V——Nominal volume, L;
V1——Crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD), in mm, which refers to the component of mode 1 (also called opening mode) of crack displacement caused by elastic and plastic deformation, which is measured at the crack surface with the largest elastic displacement per unit load.
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4 Types and parameters
4.1 Types
Generally, the typical structure of aluminum cylinder shell shall comply with the type shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Structural types of aluminum cylinder shell
4.2 Parameters and marks
4.2.1 The tolerance of nominal volume of aluminum cylinders shall meet those specified in Table 1.
Table 1 Tolerance of nominal volume of aluminum cylinders
Nominal volume V /L Tolerance/%
V≤2 +20
0
2
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
4 Types and parameters
5 Technical requirements
6 Test methods and acceptance criteria
7 Inspection rules
8 Marking, coating, packaging, transportation and storage
9 Product certificate, and quality certificate for batch inspection
Annex A (Informative) Corrosion test
Annex B (Normative) Crack test under constant load
Annex C (Normative) Valve assembly torque of aluminum cylinder
Annex D (Informative) Calculation method for shear stress safety factor of thread
Annex E (Informative) Description and judgment on manufacturing defects of aluminum cylinders
Annex F (Normative) Flattening test method
Annex G (Informative) Quality certificate for batch inspection of seamless aluminum alloy gas cylinder
鋁合金無縫氣瓶
1 范圍
本文件規定了鋁合金無縫氣瓶(以下簡稱“鋁瓶”)的術語和定義、符號、型式和參數、技術要求、試驗方法和合格指標、檢驗規則、標志、涂敷、包裝、運輸、儲存及產品合格證和批量檢驗質量證明書等要求。
本文件適用于設計、制造公稱工作壓力不大于30 MPa,公稱容積不大于150 L,使用環境溫度-40℃~60℃,用于盛裝壓縮氣體或液化氣體的可重復充裝的鋁瓶。
本文件不適用于運輸工具和機器設備上附屬的瓶式壓力容器。
2規范性引用文件
下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件不可少的條款。其中,注日期的引用文件,僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 192普通螺紋 基本牙型
GB/T 196 普通螺紋 基本尺寸
GB/T 197普通螺紋 公差
GB/T 228.1金屬材料 拉伸試驗 第1部分:室溫試驗方法
GB/T 230.1 金屬材料 洛氏硬度試驗 第1部分:試驗方法
GB/T 231.1金屬材料 布氏硬度試驗 第1部分:試驗方法
GB/T 232金屬材料 彎曲試驗方法
GB/T 3191 鋁及鋁合金擠壓棒材
GB/T 3245.1 變形鋁及鋁合金制品組織檢驗方法 第1部分:顯微組織檢驗方法
GB/T 3246.2變形鋁及鋁合金制品組織檢驗方法 第2部分:低倍組織檢驗方法
GB/T 3880.1一般工業用鋁及鋁合金板、帶材 第1部分:一般要求
GB/T 3880.2 一般工業用鋁及鋁合金板、帶材 第2部分:力學性能
GB/T 3880.3 一般工業用鋁及鋁合金板、帶材 第3部分:尺寸偏差
GB/T 3934普通螺紋量規 技術條件
GB/T 4437.1 鋁及鋁合金熱擠壓管 第1部分:無縫圓管
GB/T 6519變形鋁、鎂合金產品超聲波檢驗方法
GB/T 7144氣瓶顏色標志
GB/T 7999鋁及鋁合金光電直讀發射光譜分析方法
GB/T 8335 氣瓶專用螺紋
GB/T 8336 氣瓶專用螺紋量規
GB/T 9251 氣瓶水壓試驗方法
GB/T 9252 氣瓶壓力循環試驗方法
GB/T 12137 氣瓶氣密性試驗方法
GB/T 13005 氣瓶術語
GB/T 15385 氣瓶水壓爆破試驗方法
GB/T 15970.6—2007金屬和合金的腐蝕 應力腐蝕試驗 第6部分:恒載荷或恒位移下的預裂紋試樣的制備和應用
GB/T 20975(所有部分)鋁及鋁合金化學分析方法
YS/T 67變形鋁及鋁合金圓鑄錠
ISO 11114-1氣瓶 氣瓶和瓶閥材料與盛裝氣體的相容性 第1部分:金屬材料(Gas cylinders—Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents—Part 1:Metallic materials)
3術語和定義、符號
3.1術語和定義
GB/T 13005界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1.1
固溶處理 solution treatment
將鋁瓶瓶體加熱至適當溫度并保溫,使過剩相充分溶解到固溶體中,然后快速冷卻以獲得過飽和固溶體的熱處理工藝。
3.1.2
批量 batch
按同一設計、同一爐罐號材料、同一制造工藝以及同一熱處理規范,在同一時期內熱處理的鋁瓶所限定的數量。
注:質量要素控制條件相同時.不同爐熱處理的產品可組成一批。
3.1.3
屈服強度 yield stress
規定非比例延伸率為0.2%時的強度。
3.1.4
設計應力系數design stress factor
水壓試驗壓力下等效壁應力和屈服強度保證值的比值。
3.1.5
人工時效處理 artificial ageing
鋁瓶瓶體經固溶處理后在適當的溫度下保溫,使強化相沉淀析出,以提高其屈服強度和拉伸強度的熱處理工藝。
3.2 符號
下列符號適用于本文件。
A——斷后伸長率,%;
a——疲勞裂紋長度,單位為毫米(mm);
a0——拉伸試樣的原始厚度,單位為毫米(mm);
b0——拉伸試樣的原始寬度,單位為毫米(mm);
C——爆破破口環向撕裂寬度,單位為毫米(mm);
Df——彎曲試驗的壓頭直徑,單位為毫米(mm);
Di——筒體公稱內徑,單位為毫米(mm);
D0——筒體公稱外徑,單位為毫米(mm);
E——彈性模量,單位為兆帕(MPa);
F——設計應力系數(見5.2.2.3);
KIAPP——施加的彈性應力強度,單位為兆帕二分之一次方米(MPa·m1/2);
L0——人工缺陷長度,單位為毫米(mm);
l0——拉伸試樣的原始標距,單位為毫米(mm);
pb——實測爆破壓力,單位為兆帕(MPa);
ph——水壓試驗壓力,單位為兆帕(MPa);
pw——公稱工作壓力,單位為兆帕(MPa);
py——實測屈服壓力,單位為兆帕(MPa);
R——壓扁試驗的壓頭刃口半徑,單位為毫米(mm);
Rc——刀具切削半徑,單位為毫米(mm);
Re——瓶體材料熱處理后的最小屈服強度保證值,單位為兆帕(MPa);
Rea——實測屈服強度,單位為兆帕(MPa);
RcSLC——在室溫條件下,從試驗鋁瓶中制備的代表SLC試樣部位的兩件試樣屈服應力的平均值,單位為兆帕(MPa);
Rg——瓶體材料熱處理后的最小抗拉強度保證值,單位為兆帕(MPa);
Rm——實測抗拉強度,單位為兆帕(MPa);
r——瓶底內轉角半徑,單位為毫米(mm);
rc——刀尖頂角半徑,單位為毫米(mm);
r1——瓶底內形半徑,單位為毫米(mm);
S——筒體設計壁厚,單位為毫米(mm);
Sa——筒體實測壁厚,單位為毫米(mm);
Sa0——筒體實測平均壁厚。單位為毫米(mm);
SLC——恒載荷裂紋;
S0——拉伸試樣的原始橫截面積。單位為平方毫米(mm2);
S1——瓶底中心厚度,單位為毫米(mm);
T——壓扁試驗的壓頭間距,單位為毫米(mm);
V——公稱容積,單位為升(L);
V1——裂紋開口位移(CMOD),單位為毫米(mm),指由彈性和塑料變形引起裂紋位移的模式1(也叫開口模式)的組成部分,在單位載荷彈性位移最大的裂紋面測得。
4型式和參數
4.1 型式
鋁瓶瓶體典型結構一般應符合圖1所示的型式。
a)雙口
b)H形底
c)凸形底
d)凸形底有底座
圖1 鋁瓶瓶體結構型式
4.2參數及標記
4.2.1 鋁瓶的公稱容積的允許偏差應符合表1的規定。
表1 鋁瓶的公稱容積的允許偏差
公稱容積V/L 允許偏差/%
V≤2 +20
0
2440 8Sao 15Sao
注:壓頭間距大于或等于瓶體外徑時,由彎曲試驗代替。
圖5 彎曲示意圖
6.4.4.2合格指標
目測試樣無裂紋。
6.4.5壓扁試驗
6.4.5.1 試驗方法
6.4.5.1.1壓扁試驗方法按附錄F的規定執行。
6.4.5.1.2壓頭間距見表4。
6.4.5.1.3 壓扁試驗可采用試樣瓶或試樣環。對于試樣環的壓扁試驗,應從瓶體上截取寬度為瓶體壁厚的4倍且不小于25 mm的試樣環,只能對試樣環的邊緣進行機加工,對試樣環采用平壓頭進行壓扁。
6.4.5.2合格指標
目測試樣無裂紋。
6.5硬度試驗
6.5.1 試驗方法
硬度檢測按GB/T 230.1或GB/T 231.1執行。
6.5.2 合格指標
硬度值應符合設計要求。
6.6水壓試驗
6.6.1 試驗方法
水壓試驗按GB/T 9251執行。
6.6.2 合格指標
在試驗壓力下,至少保壓30 s,壓力表指針不應回降,瓶體不應泄漏或明顯變形。容積殘余變形率不應大于5%,12 L及以下鋁瓶可免做容積殘余變形率。
6.7氣密性試驗
6.7.1 試驗方法
氣密性試驗按GB/T 12137執行。
6.7.2 合格指標
帶瓶閥出廠的鋁瓶以及充裝可燃或有毒介質的鋁瓶應進行氣密性試驗。氣密性試驗壓力為公稱工作壓力pw,保壓至少1 min,瓶體、瓶閥和瓶體瓶閥聯接處均不應泄漏。因裝配而引起的泄漏現象,允許返修后重做試驗。
6.8水壓爆破試驗
6.8.1 試驗方法
6.8.1.1 水壓爆破試驗按GB/T 15385執行。
6.8.1.2 水壓爆破試驗時彈性變形區域升壓速率不應超過0.5 MPa/s,再以盡可能恒定的速率加壓直至爆破。
6.8.1.3應自動繪制出壓力-時間或壓力-進水量曲線,以確定瓶體的屈服壓力和爆破壓力值。
6.8.2 合格指標
6.8.2.1 鋁瓶瓶體實測屈服壓力py和實測爆破壓力pb應符合下列要求:
a)py≥ph/F;
b)pb≥1.6ph。
6.8.2.2爆破破口為縱向塑性破口,無碎片,破口上無明顯金屬缺陷,瓶體上的破口形狀與尺寸應符合圖6的規定。
圖6破口形狀與尺寸示意圖
6.9壓力循環試驗
6.9.1 試驗方法
6.9.1.1 試驗方法按GB/T 9252執行。
6.9.1.2循環壓力上限應不低于鋁瓶的水壓試驗壓力,循環壓力下限應不高于水壓試驗壓力的10%(且不超過3 MPa)。
6.9.1.3壓力循環試驗用樣瓶,應選擇底部實際厚度接近于設計厚度最小值的鋁瓶,其底部厚度尺寸應不超過最小設計底厚的1.15倍。
6.9.2 合格指標
6.9.2.1 壓力循環至少12 000次的過程中,瓶體不應泄漏或破裂。
6.9.2.2試驗后鋁瓶要測量底部厚度,其底部厚度尺寸實測值應符合6.9.1.3的規定。
6.10未爆先漏試驗
6.10.1 要求
6.10.1.1 未爆先漏試驗方法分為壓力循環和加壓泄漏兩種,可采用其中一種試驗方法進行。
6.10.1.2試驗應選擇筒體實際壁厚接近設計壁厚的鋁瓶,其壁厚應不超過筒體設計壁厚的1.15倍。
6.10.2取樣
6.10.2.1 取樣數量
抽取2只鋁瓶進行試驗。
6.10.2.2制樣
分別在2只鋁瓶筒體外表面中部最小壁厚處加工一條縱向缺陷,缺陷長度L0不小于4倍筒體設計壁厚。用于加工缺陷的刀具厚度約為12.5 mm,頂角為45°~60°,刀尖頂角半徑rc為0.25 mm±0.025 mm。當鋁瓶筒體公稱外徑小于或等于140 mm時,刀具切削直徑(2Rc)為20 mm。當鋁瓶筒體公稱外徑大于140 mm時,刀具切削直徑(2Rc)為30 mm。缺陷深度應不小于缺陷處實測厚度的60%。缺陷和刀具示意見圖7。
單位為毫米
a)缺陷示意圖
b)刀具示意圖
圖7缺陷和刀具示意圖
6.10.3壓力循環
6.10.3.1 試驗方法
按6.9.1進行壓力循環試驗,循環速率應不超過5次/min,循環壓力上限應不低于2/3ph×(Sa/S)。
6.10.3.2 合格指標
6.10.3.2.1 壓力循環至瓶體失效,瓶體不應發生爆破,且測量的泄漏缺陷總長度不超過1.1L0,則鋁瓶通過試驗。
6.10.3.2.2如果壓力循環試驗過程中,裂紋擴展偏離徑向,可重新取2只鋁瓶進行試驗,如果其中任意1只鋁瓶不合格,則鋁瓶未通過試驗。
6.10.3.2.3直徑和壓力不大于已通過試驗的鋁瓶,可不進行此項試驗。
6.10.4加壓泄漏
6.10.4.1 試驗方法
按6.6.1進行加壓泄漏試驗,加壓時間不少于1 min至2/3ph×(Sa/S),保壓10 s,繼續升壓至泄漏。