標準編號:	GB/T 14048.5-2017
中文名稱:	低壓開關設備和控制設備 第5-1部分：控制電路電器和開關元件 機電式控制電路電器
英文名稱:	Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear-Part 5-1:Control circuit devices and switching element-Electromechanical control circuit devices
中標分類:	K31    低壓配電電器
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
ICS分類:	29.120.40 29.120.40    開關 29.120.40
發布機構:	中華人民共和國國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局 中國國家標準化管理委員會
發布日期:	2017-11-01
實施日期:	2018-5-1
標準狀態:	valid
替代舊標準:	GB 14048.5-2008 低壓開關設備和控制設備 第5-1部分：控制電路電器和開關元件 機電式控制電路電器
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	80000 字
翻譯價格(元):	2000.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

The Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear consists of the following parts: ——Part 1: General rules; ——Part 2: Circuit-breakers; ——Part 3: Switches, disconnectors, switch-disconnectors and fuse-combination units; ——Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters - Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters (Including motor protector); ——Part 4-2: Contactors and motor-starters - AC semiconductor motor controllers and starters (including soft-starters); ——Part 4-3: Contactors and motor-starters - AC semiconductor controllers and contactors for non-motor loads; ——Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching element - Electromechanical control circuit devices; ——Part 5-2: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Proximity switches; ——Part 5-3: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Requirements for proximity devices with defined behaviour under fault conditions (PDDB); ——Part 5-4: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Method of assessing the performance of low-energy contacts - Special tests; ——Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function; ——Part 5-6: Control circuit devices and switching elements - DC interface for proximity sensors and switching amplifiers (NAMUR); ——Part 5-7: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Requirements for proximity devices with analogue output; ? ——Part 5-8: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Three-position enabling switches; ——Part 5-9: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Flow rate switches; ——Part 6-1: Multiple function equipment - Transfer switching equipment; ——Part 6-2: Multiple function equipment - Control and protective switching devices (or equipment) (CPS); ——Part 7-1: Ancillary equipment - Terminal blocks for copper conductors; ——Part 7-2: Ancillary equipment - Protective conductor terminal blocks for copper conductors; ——Part 7-3: Ancillary equipment - Safety requirements for fuse terminal blocks; ——Part 8: Control units for built-in thermal protection (PTC) for rotating electrical machines. This part is Part 5-1 of the Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear. This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB/T 14048.5-2008 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching element - Electromechanical control circuit devices. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 14048.5-2008: ——The characteristic requirements related to making and breaking operational overvoltages are deleted (see 4.9 of Edition 2008); ——The requirements related to the polarity of contact elements are added (see 4.10); ——The content of information that shall be given by the manufacturer is added [see 5.1o)~5.1p)]; ——The requirements for the marking of terminals, emergency stop, etc. are modified (see 5.2.1~5.2.4; and 5.2.1~5.2.4 of Edition 2008); ——The requirements for glow-wire testing and test based on flammability category are added (see 7.1.2.2 and 7.1.2.3); ——The requirements for clearances and creepage distances are modified, and the corresponding provisions in IEC 60947-1 are directly quoted (see 7.1.4; 7.1.3 of Edition 2008); ——The requirements related to maximum recovery time are added (see 7.2.8); ——The requirements related to immunity are modified (see 7.3.2; 7.3 of Edition 2008); ——The kinds of special tests that can be carried out, including damp heat, salt mist, vibration and shock tests, are added (see 8.1.5); ——The requirements for electrical performance and ageing test of screwless-type clamping units are added (see 8.2.4.7~8.2.4.8); ——The requirements for velocity of movement rotary switches are added (see 8.3.2.1); ——The requirements for expected current adjustment in test circuit and test quantities are modified (see 8.3.4.3; 8.3.4.3 of Edition 2008); ——The tests for EMC are added (see 8.4); ——Figure 10 "Voltage drop measurement at contact point of the clamping unit or terminal" is added (see 8.4.4); ——Annex D "Clearances and creepage distances of control circuit devices" is deleted and left vacant; ——The requirements for the pulling force of cable in pull-out test are modified (see G.8.2.2; G.8.1.1 of Edition 2008); ——The general requirements for the verification test of electromagnetic compatibility and immunity test of control circuit devices with semiconductor switch elements are modified (see H.8.7.1~H.8.7.2; H.8.7.1~H.8.7.2 of Edition 2008); ——The requirements related to colour of lens are deleted (see Annex J); ——The requirements for terminal marking, distinctive number and distinctive letter for control circuit devices are added (see Annex M); ——"Procedure to determine reliability data for electromechanical devices in control circuits used in functional safety applications" is added (see Annex N). ? This part has been redrafted and modified in relation to IEC 60947-5-1:2016 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electromechanical control circuit devices. The main technical differences with respect to IEC 60947-5-1:2016 and the reasons are as follows: ——As for the normative references, adjustments of technical differences are made to this part to keep them in line with the technical conditions in China. The adjustments are embodied in a concentrated way in Clause 2 "Normative references", specifically as follows: ? The national standard GB/T 14048.1-2012 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules is added. ——The requirements for humidity resisting qualities of materials are modified to "as specified in GB/T 14048.1-2012, Annex K" in 7.1.2.1 "General materials requirements". As IEC 60947-5-1:2016 does not gives specific requirements, but only states that "special attention shall be called", which cannot meet the needs of actual test verification in China, this requirement is modified. ——8.2.1.2 "Humidity resistance test" is added to the content of materials in Clause 8 "Tests". This subclause is added because the specific requirements for humidity resisting qualities of materials have been modified in 7.1.2.1. This standard was proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industrial Association. This part is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 189 National Technical Committee on Low-voltage Apparatus of Standardization Administration of China. The previous editions of this part are as follows: ——GB 14048.5-1993, GB 14048.5-2001, and GB/T 14048.5-2008. Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching element - Electromechanical control circuit devices 1 General 1.1 Scope and object This part of Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear applies to control circuit devices and switch elements intended for controlling, signalling, interlocking, etc., of switchgear and controlgear. It applies to control circuit devices having a rated voltage not exceeding 1,000V a.c. (at a frequency not exceeding 1,000Hz) or 600V d.c. However, for operational voltages below 100V a.c. or d.c., see 4.3.2.2. This part applies to specific types of control circuit devices such as: ——manually operated control switches, for example push-buttons, rotary switches, foot switches, etc.; ——electromagnetically operated control switches, either time delayed or instantaneous, for example contactor relays; ——pilot switches, for example pressure switches, temperature sensitive switches (thermostats), programmers, etc.; ——position switches, for example control switches operated by part of a machine or mechanism; ——associated control circuit device, for example indicator lights, etc. Note 1: A control circuit device includes (a) control switch(es) and associated devices such as (an) indicator light(s). Note 2: A control switch includes (a) switch element(s) and an actuating system. Note 3: A switch element may be a contact element or a semiconductor element. ? It also applies to specific types of switch elements associated with other devices (whose main circuits are covered by other standards) such as: ——auxiliary contacts of a switching device (e.g. contactor, circuit breaker, etc.) which are not dedicated exclusively for use with the coil of that device; ——interlocking contacts of enclosure doors; ——control circuit contacts of rotary switches; ——control circuit contacts of overload relays. Contactor relays also comply with the requirements and tests of IEC 60947-4-1:2009 +A1:2012 except for the utilization category which comply with this part. This part does not include the relays covered in GB/T 14598 or in the IEC 61810 series, nor automatic electrical control devices for household and similar purposes. The colour requirements of indicator lights, push-buttons, etc., are found in GB/T 4025-2010 and also in CIE S 0004/E-2001 from the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). The object of this part is to state: a) the characteristics of control circuit devices; b) the electrical and mechanical requirements with respect to: 1) the various duties to be performed; 2) the significance of the rated characteristics and of the markings; 3) the tests to verify the rated characteristics. c) the functional requirements to be satisfied by the control circuit devices with respect to: 1) environmental conditions, including those of enclosed equipment; 2) dielectric properties; 3) terminals. ? 1.2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 2423.4-2008 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test method - Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12h+12h cycle) (IEC 60068-2-30:2005, IDT) GB/T 2423.22-2012 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test methods - Test N: Change of temperature (IEC 60068-2-14:2009, IDT) GB/T 4025-2010 Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification - Coding principles for indicators and actuators (IEC 60073:2002, IDT) GB/T 14048.1-2012 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules (IEC 60947-1:2011, MOD) GB/T 17464-2012 Connecting devices - Electrical copper conductors - Safety requirements for screw-type and screwless-type clamping units - General requirements and particular requirements for clamping units for conductors from 0.2mm2 up to 35mm2 (included) (IEC 60999-1:1999, IDT) GB/T 17626.11-2008 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests (IEC 61000-4-11:2004, IDT) IEC 60068-2-6:2007 Environmental testing - Part 2-6: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) IEC 60068-2-27:2008 Environmental testing - Part 2-27: Tests - Test Ea and guidance: Shock IEC 60417-DB:2002 Graphical symbols for use on equipment IEC 60617-DB:2012 Graphical symbols for diagrams IEC 60695-2-10:2013 Fire hazard testing - Part 2-10: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure IEC 60695-2-11:2014 Fire hazard testing - Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT) IEC 60695-2-12:2010 Fire hazard testing - Part 2-12: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials IEC 60695-2-12:2010/A1:2014 Amendment 1, 2014 IEC 60947-1:2007 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules IEC 60947-1:2007/A1:2010 Amendment 1, 2010 IEC 60947-1:2007/A2:2014 Amendment 2, 2014 IEC 60947-4-1:2009 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters - Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters IEC 60947-4-1:2009/A1:2012 Amendment 1, 2012 IEC 60947-5-5:1997 Low voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function IEC 60947-5-5:1997/A1:2005 Amendment 1, 2005 IEC 60947-5-5:1997/A2:2016 Amendment 2, 2016 IEC 61000-3-2 Electromagnetic compatibility ( EMC) - Part 3-2: Limits - Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current <16A per phase) IEC 61000-3-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-3: Limits - Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems, for equipment with rated current <16A per phase and not subject to conditional connection IEC 61000-4-2:2008 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test IEC 61000-4-3:2006 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-3:2006/A1:2007 Amendment 1, 2007 IEC 61000-4-3:2006/A2:2010 Amendment 2, 2010 IEC 61000-4-4:2012 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test IEC 61000-4-5:2014 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test IEC 61000-4-6:2013 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-6: Testing and measurement techniques - Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields IEC 61000-4-8:2009 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-8: Testing and measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-13:2002 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-13: Testing and measurement techniques - Harmonics and interharmonics including mains signalling at a.c. power port, low frequency immunity tests IEC 61000-4-13:2002/A1:2009 Amendment 1, 2009 IEC 61000-4-13:2002/A2:2015 Amendment 2, 2015 IEC 61140:2016 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment CISPR 11:2015 Industrial, scientific and medical equipment - Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement CIE S 004/E-2001 Colours of light signals 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60947-1:2007+A1:2010+A2:2014 and the following apply. 2.1 Basic terms and definitions 2.1.1 control circuit device an electrical device intended for the controlling, signalling, interlocking, etc., of switchgear and controlgear Note: Control circuit devices can include associated devices dealt with in other standards, such as instruments, potentiometers, relays, in so far as associated devices are used for the purposes specified above. 2.1.2 control switch (for control and auxiliary circuit) a mechanical switching device which serves the purpose of controlling the operation of switchgear or controlgear, including signalling, electrical interlocking, etc. Note 1: A control switch consists of one or more contact elements with a common actuating system. Note 2: A control switch may include semiconductor elements or contact elements (see 2.3.2 and 2.3.3). Note 3: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-46, modified. 2.1.3 control switch suitable for isolation a control switch which, in the open position, complies with the requirements specified for the isolating function (see IEC 60947-1:2007, 2.1.19 and 7.1.7) Note: Such control switches are intended to provide a higher degree of safety to personnel when working on the equipment controlled. For this reason, they have to be manually actuated relying on the intelligence of instructed persons to react in case they would fail to operate, e.g. in case of insufficiently opened contacts. 2.1.4 control station an assembly of one or more control switches fixed on the same panel or located in the same enclosure Note: A control station panel or enclosure may also contain related equipment, e.g. potentiometers, signal lamps, instruments, etc. [IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-12-08] 2.2 Control switches 2.2.1 automatic control switches Note: Automatic control switches are operated by automatic control (see IEC 60947-1:2007, 2.4.5). They are also designated as pilot switches (see IEC 60947-1:2007, 2.2.18). 2.2.1.1 instantaneous contactor relay a contactor relay operating without any intentional time delay Note: Unless otherwise stated, a contactor relay is generally an instantaneous contactor relay. [IEC 60050-441:1984, IEV 441-14-36] 2.2.1.2 time-delay contactor relay a contactor relay with specified time-delay characteristics Note 1: The time-delay may be associated with energization (e-delay) or with de-energization (d-delay) or both. Note 2: A time-delay contactor relay may also incorporate instantaneous contact elements. Note 3: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-37, modified. 2.2.1.3 position switch a pilot switch the actuating system of which is operated by a moving part of the machine, when this part reaches a predetermined position [IEC 60050-441:1984, EV 441-14-49] 2.2.1.4 programmer a control switch having a multiplicity of switch elements which, after initiation, operates in a defined sequence 2.2.2 manually operated control switches Note: Manually operated control switches are operated by manual control (see IEC 60947-1:2007, 2.4.4). 2.2.2.1 push-button a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by force exerted by a part of the human body, usually the finger or palm of the hand, and having stored energy (spring) return [IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-53] 2.2.2.2 pull-button a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by manual pull, and having stored energy (spring) return 2.2.2.3 push-pull button a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by manual push and returned to its initial position by manual pull, or vice versa Note: There are also “push-push” or “push-turn” or other combinations of buttons. 2.2.2.4 rotary button a combination of push-button type switch elements having an actuator operated by a manual rotation (see also 2.2.2.15 to 2.2.2.18 inclusive) Example: A selector switch. Note: A rotary push-button may have more than two positions; it may or may not have a spring return. 2.2.2.5 latched push-button a push-button with spring return, but which remains in the actuated position until a latch is released by a separate action Note: The latching may be released by subsequent actuation (such as pushing, turning, etc.) of the same or of an adjacent push-button or by the action of an electromagnet, etc. 2.2.2.6 locked push-button a push-button which may be secured in one or more of its positions by a separate action Note: The locking may be obtained by turning the button, by turning a key, by operating a lever, etc. 2.2.2.7 key-operated push-button a push-button which can only be operated as long as a key remains inserted Note: Key withdrawal may be provided at any position. 2.2.2.8 time-delay push-button a push-button the contacts of which return to the initial position only after a pre-determined interval of time following the release of the actuating force 2.2.2.9 delayed action push-button a push-button in which the switching operation does not occur until after the force on the button has been maintained for a pre-determined interval of time 2.2.2.10 illuminated push-button a push-button incorporating a signalling lamp in the button 2.2.2.11 covered push-button a push-button in which the button is protected against inadvertent operation by a lid or a cover 2.2.2.12 shrouded push-button a push-button in which the button is protected against inadvertent operation in certain directions 2.2.2.13 free push-button a push-button in which the rotation of the actuator around its axis is not limited 2.2.2.14 guided push-button a push-button in which the rotation of the actuator around its axis is prevented Note: Examples of guided push-buttons: the actuators of which are keyed, square or rectangular, etc. 2.2.2.15 rotary control switch rotary switch (abbreviation) a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by rotation 2.2.2.16 key-operated rotary switch a rotary switch where a key is used as the actuator Note: Key withdrawal may be provided at any position. 2.2.2.17 limited movement rotary switch a rotary switch with a restricted angular movement of its actuator 2.2.2.18 unidirectional movement rotary switch a rotary switch in which the actuating system allows rotation in one direction only 2.2.2.19 joy stick a control switch having an actuator consisting of a pin or stick projecting essentially at a right angle from the panel or enclosure when in one of its positions and intended to be operated by angular displacement Note 1: A joy stick may have more than two positions associated with different directions of the displacement of the stick and operating the contact elements differently: such a joy stick is referred to as a joy stick selector. Note 2: The pin or stick may or may not have a spring return. 2.2.2.20 wobble stick a joy stick which operates all contact elements alike, whatever be the direction of the displacement ? 2.2.2.21 foot switch (pedal) a control switch having an actuator intended to be operated by force exerted by a foot Note: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-14-52, modified. 2.3 Parts of control switches 2.3.1 switch element a switch element may be a semiconductor element (see 2.3.2) or a contact element (see 2.3.3) 2.3.2 semiconductor element an element designed to switch the current of an electric circuit by means of the controlled conductivity of a semiconductor 2.3.3 contact element the parts, fixed and movable, conducting and insulating, of a control switch necessary to close and open one single conducting path of a circuit Note 1: The contact element and the actuating system may form an indivisible unit, but frequently one or more contact elements may be combined with one or more actuating system or systems. The actuating systems may be different. Note 2: Terms and definitions relating to various kinds of contact elements are given in 2.3.3.1 to 2.3.3.10 inclusive. Note 3: This definition does not include control coils and magnet systems. The following definitions refer to a single contact element of a control switch: 2.3.3.1 single gap contact element a contact element which opens or closes the conducting path of its circuit on one location only Note: See Figures 4a) and 4c). ? 2.3.3.2 double single gap contact element a contact element which opens or closes the conducting path of its circuit in two locations in series Note: See Figures 4b), 4d) and 4e). 2.3.3.3 make-contact element (normally open) a contact element which closes a conducting path when the control switch is actuated 2.3.3.4 break-contact element (normally closed) a contact element which opens a conducting path when the control switch is actuated 2.3.3.5 change-over contact elements a contact element combination which includes one make-contact element and one break-contact element Note: See Figures 4c), 4d) and 4e). 2.3.3.6 pulse (fleeting) contact element a contact element which opens or closes a circuit for a part of the travel during the transition of the actuator from one position to another 2.3.3.7 electrically separated contact elements contact elements belonging to the same control switch, but adequately insulated from each other so that they can be connected into electrically separated circuits, which can be either same polarity or opposite polarity Note: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-15-24, modified. 2.3.3.8 independent (snap) action contact element a contact element of a manual or automatic control device in which the velocity of contact motion is substantially independent of the velocity of motion of the actuator 2.3.3.9 dependent action contact element a contact element of a manual or automatic control device in which the velocity of contact motion depends on the velocity of motion of the actuator 2.3.3.10 contact unit a contact element or contact element combination which can be combined with similar units operated by a common actuating system 2.3.4 button the external end of the actuator of a push-button, to which the actuating force is applied 2.3.4.1 flush-button a button which is substantially level with the adjacent fixed surrounding surface when in its initial position and is below this surface when it is operated 2.3.4.2 recessed button a button which is below the adjacent fixed surrounding surface in both its initial and operated positions 2.3.4.3 extended button a button which protrudes above the adjacent fixed surrounding surface in both its initial and operated positions 2.3.4.4 mushroom button a button, the protruding end of which has an enlarged diameter 2.3.5 locating mechanism that part of the actuating system which retains the actuator and/or the contact elements in their positions Note: Other devices (e.g. a push-button with two positions, or an emergency stop) may also have such a function. 2.3.6 end stop a device that limits the travel of a moving part Note: An end stop may relate either to the actuator or to the contact element. ? 2.4 Operation of control switches 2.4.1 Operation of contactor relays 2.4.1.1 e-delay a delay in the operation of a contact element of a contactor relay, following the energization of the coil of the electromagnet of this contactor relay Example: Delay to close make-contacts (ON delay). Note: The terms "e-delay” and "d-delay" may be applied to any kind of contact elements (see 2.3.3). 2.4.1.2 d-delay a delay in the operation of a contact element of a contactor relay, following the de-energization of the coil of the electromagnet of this contactor relay Example: Delay to open make-contacts (OFF delay). Note: The terms "e-delay” and "d-delay" may be applied to any kind of contact elements (see 2.3.3). 2.4.1.3 fixed delay a delay in the operation of a contact element of a contactor relay, which is not intended to be adjusted in value 2.4.1.4 adjustable delay a delay in the operation of a contact element of a contactor relay, which is intended to be adjusted to different values after the installation of the contactor relay 2.4.2 Operation of pilot switches 2.4.2.1 actuating quantity the physical quantity, the value of which is decisive for the actuation or non-actuation of a pilot switch 2.4.2.2 operating value the value of the actuating quantity which is sufficient to cause a pilot switch to be actuated 2.4.2.3 return value the value of the actuating quantity which has to be re-established in order to cause an actuated pilot switch to return to its position of rest 2.4.2.4 different value the difference between the operating value and the return value 2.4.3 Operation of rotary switches 2.4.3.1 definite position (of a rotary switch) a position into which the locating mechanism pulls the rotary switch and retains it as long as the actuating moment does not exceed a certain value 2.4.3.2 position of rest a stable (definite) position into which the locating mechanism tends to move back and retain the rotary switch by stored energy 2.4.3.3 transit position a (definite) position in which the locating mechanism produces an intended marked change in the operating moment, but in which the actuator cannot remain by itself 2.4.3.4 biased position a (definite) position of a rotary switch in which the actuator is pulled against a stop from which it will return to a position of rest by means of stored energy (for example, by means of a spring) Note: During the transfer from a biased position to the adjacent position of rest, the rotary switch may pass through one or more transit positions. 2.4.3.5 latched position a biased position in which the return mechanism is held by a latching arrangement Note: The latching arrangement may be released manually or otherwise. 2.4.3.6 locked position a (definite) position in which a rotary switch is secured by separate action Note: The locking may be obtained by turning a key, operating a lever, etc. 2.4.3.7 operating diagram the representation of the intended order in which the contact elements of a rotary switch operate as a result of actuation 2.4.4 Operation of mechanically operated control switches 2.4.4.1 pre-travel of the actuator the maximum travel of the actuator which causes no travel of the contact elements Note: See Dimension a on Figure 2. 2.4.4.2 over-travel of the actuator the travel of the actuator after all the contacts have reached their closed (open) position 2.4.4.3 direct drive a connection between actuator and contact element that excludes any pre-travel of the actuator 2.4.4.4 positive drive a connection between actuator and contact element such that the force applied to the actuator is directly transmitted to the contact element 2.4.4.5 limited drive a connection between actuator and contact element that limits the force transmitted to the contact element 2.4.4.6 minimum starting force (or moment) the minimum value of force (or moment) initiating the pre-travel of the actuator 2.4.4.7 minimum actuating force (or moment) the minimum value of the force (or moment) to be applied to the actuator that will cause all contacts to reach their closed (open) position 2.4.4.8 pre-travel of the contact element the relative movement which occurs within the contact element before the contacts make (break) Note: See Dimension b on Figure 2. 2.4.4.9 over-travel of the contact element the relative movement which occurs within the contact element after the contacts have reached the make (break) position Note: See Dimension d on Figure 2. 2.4.4.10 bounce time for a contact which is closing/opening its circuit, time interval between the instant when the contact circuit first closes/opens and the instant when the circuit is finally closed/opened Note: IEC 60050-444:2002, 444-05-04, modified. 3 Classification 3.1 Contact elements Contact elements may be classified as follows: a) Utilization categories (see 4.4); b) Electrical ratings based on utilization categories (see Annex A); c) One of the following form letters (see Figure 4): 1) Form A – Single gap make-contact element; 2) Form B – Single gap break-contact element; 3) Form C – Single gap make-break three terminal change-over contact element; 4) Form X – Double gap make-contact element; 5) Form Y – Double gap break-contact element; 6) Form Z – Double gap make-break four terminal change-over contact element. d) Other types not included in c). Note 1: Regarding Figure 4e), the two moving contact elements are electrically separated (see 2.3.3.7). Note 2: Distinction is made between make before break (overlap) change-over contact elements where the two circuits are both closed for a part of the travel of the moving contacts from one position to the other, and break before make (non-overlap) change-over contact elements where the two circuits are both open for a part of the travel of the moving contacts from one position to the other. Unless otherwise stated, change-over contact elements are generally break before make. 3.2 Control switches Control switches may be classified according to the contact element and the nature of the actuating system, e.g. push-buttons, form X. 3.3 Control circuit devices Control circuit devices may be classified according to the control switch and the associated control circuit equipment, e.g. push-buttons plus indicator lights. 3.4 Time-delay switch elements Distinction is made according to how the time delay of a switch element is achieved, e.g. electrical delay, magnetic delay, mechanical delay, or pneumatic delay. 3.5 Control switch mounting The control switch mounting may be classified by the mounting hole size, e.g. D12, D16, D22, D30 (see 6.3.1). 4 Characteristics 4.1 Summary of characteristics 4.1.1 General The characteristics of control circuit devices and switch elements shall be stated in the following terms, where such terms are applicable: ——type of equipment (see 4.2); ——rated and limiting values for switch elements (see 4.3); ——utilization categories of switch elements (see 4.4); ——normal and abnormal load characteristics (see 4.3.6). 4.1.2 Operation of a control switch The principal application of a control switch is the switching of loads as indicated for the various utilization categories in Table 1. Other applications, e.g. the switching of tungsten filament lamps, small motors, etc., are not dealt with in detail in this part, but are mentioned in 4.3.6.2. 4.1.2.1 Normal conditions of use The normal use of a control switch is to close, maintain and open circuits in accordance with the utilization category shown in Table 1. Also refer to Table 4. 4.1.2.2 Abnormal conditions of use Abnormal conditions may arise, for example, when an electromagnet, although energized, has failed to close. Refer to Table 5. A control switch shall be able to break the current corresponding to such conditions of use. 4.2 Type of control circuit device or switch element 4.2.1 Kind of control circuit device The kind of control circuit device shall be stated: ——manually operated control switches, e.g. push-buttons, rotary switches, foot switches, etc.; ——electromagnetically operated control switches, either time delayed or instantaneous, e.g. contactor relays; ——pilot switches, e.g. pressure switches, temperature sensitive switches (thermostats), programmers, etc.; ——position switches; ——associated control circuit devices, e.g. indicator lights, etc. 4.2.2 Kind of switch elements The kind of switch elements shall be stated: ——auxiliary contacts of a switching device (e.g. contactor, circuit breaker, etc.) which are not dedicated exclusively for use with the coil of that device; ——interlocking contacts of enclosure doors; ——control circuit contacts of rotary switches; ——control circuit contacts of overload relays. 4.2.3 Number of poles The number of poles shall be stated. 4.2.4 Kind of current The kind of current shall be stated: ——alternating current; ——direct current. 4.2.5 Interrupting medium The interrupting medium shall be stated: ——air; ——oil; ——gas; ——vacuum, etc. 4.2.6 Operating conditions 4.2.6.1 Method of operation The method of operation shall be stated: ——manual; ——electromagnetic; ——pneumatic; ——electro-pneumatic. 4.2.6.2 Method of control The method of control shall be stated: ——automatic; ——non-automatic; ——semi-automatic. 4.3 Rated and limiting values for switch elements 4.3.1 General The rated values established for the switch elements of a control circuit device shall be stated in accordance with 4.3.2 to 4.3.6 inclusive but it is not necessary to specify all the values listed. 4.3.2 Rated voltages (of a switch element) 4.3.2.1 General A switch element is defined by the rated voltages described in 4.3.2.2 to 4.3.2.4. 4.3.2.2 Rated operational voltage (Ue) IEC 60947-1:2007, 4.3.1.1 applies with the following additions: For three-phase circuits, Ue is stated as r.m.s. voltage between phases. Note: A switch element can be assigned a number of combinations of rated operational voltage and rated operational current. Control switches dealt with in this part are not normally intended to be used at very low voltages and they may not be suitable for such a service. It is therefore recommended to seek the advice of the manufacturer concerning any application with a low value of operational voltage, e.g. below 100V a.c. or d.c.

Foreword II 1 General 2 Terms and definitions 3 Classification 4 Characteristics 5 Product information 6 Normal service, mounting and transport conditions 7 Constructional and performance requirements 8 Tests Annex A (Normative) Electrical ratings based on utilization categories (see 3.1) Annex B (Normative) Example of inductive test loads for d.c. contacts Annex C (Normative) Special tests – Durability tests Annex D Annex E (Normative) Items subject to agreement between manufacturer and user Annex F (Normative) Class II control circuit devices insulated by encapsulation Requirements and tests Annex G (Normative) Additional requirements for control circuit devices with integrally connected cables Annex H (Normative) Additional requirements for semiconductor switch elements for control circuit devices Annex J (Normative) Special requirements for indicator lights and indicating towers Annex K (Normative) Special requirements for control switches with direct opening action Annex L (Normative) Special requirements for mechanically linked contact elements Annex M (Normative) Terminal marking, distinctive number and distinctive letter for control circuit devices Annex N (Normative) Procedure to determine reliability data for electromechanical devices in control circuits used in functional safety applications Bibliography

低壓開關設備和控制設備 第5-1部分：控制電路電器和開關元件 機電式控制電路電器 1 概述 1.1 范圍和目的 《低壓開關設備和控制設備》的本部分適用于在開關設備和控制設備中作控制、信號指示、聯鎖等用途的控制電路電器和開關元件。 本部分適用于額定電壓交流不超過1000V(頻率不超過1000Hz)或直流不超過600V的控制電路電器。 對于工作電壓低于交流或直流100V的控制電路電器，見4.3.2.2。 本部分適用于下列規定型式的控制電路電器： ——人力操作控制開關，例如：按鈕、旋轉開關、腳踏開關等； ——電磁操作控制開關，具有延時或瞬時動作，例如：接觸器式繼電器； ——指示開關，例如：壓力開關、溫敏開關(熱敏開關)、程控器等。 ——位置開關，例如：由機器或機械的一部分操控的控制開關； ——有關的控制電路電器，例如：指示燈等。 注1：控制電路電器包括控制開關和相關的電器，如指示燈。 注2：控制開關包括開關元件及操動系統。 注3：開關元件可以是觸頭元件或半導體元件。 本部分也適用于與其他電器(其主電路符合其他標準)相關聯的規定型式的開關元件，如： ——開關電器(例如：接觸器、斷路器等)的輔助觸頭，該觸頭并不僅僅用于對開關電器線圈的控制； ——外殼門上的聯鎖觸頭； ——旋轉開關的控制電路觸頭； ——過載繼電器的控制電路觸頭。 接觸器式繼電器除符合本部分規定的使用類別外，還應符合IEC 60947-4-1：2009＋A1：2012的有關要求及試驗。 本部分不包括GB/T 14598或IEC 61810系列標準中涉及的繼電器或家用及類似用途的自動電氣控制器件。 指示燈、按鈕等的顏色要求見GB/T 4025—2010，也可見國際照明委員會(CIE)出版的CIES 0004/E—2001。 本部分的目的是規定： a)控制電路電器的特性； b)有關下列內容的電氣和機械要求： 1)需執行的各種工作制； 2)額定性能和標志的含義； 3)驗證額定性能的試驗。 c)控制電路電器應滿足以下有關功能要求： 1)環境條件，包括封閉式裝置的環境條件； 2)介電性能； 3)接線端子。 1.2 規范性引用文件 下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB/T 2423.4—2008 電工電子產品環境試驗 第2部分：試驗方法試驗 Db 交變濕熱(12h＋12h循環)(IEC 60068-2-30：2005，IDT) GB/T 2423.22—2012 電工電子產品環境試驗 第2部分：試驗方法 試驗N：溫度變化(IEC 60068-2-14：2009，IDT) GB/T 4025—2010 人機界面標志標識的基本和安全規則 指示器和操作器件的編碼規則(IEC 60073：2002，IDT) GB/T 14048.1—2012 低壓開關設備和控制設備 第1部分：總則(IEC 60947-1：2011，MOD) GB/T 17464—2012 連接器件 電氣銅導線 螺紋型和無螺紋型夾緊件的安全要求 適用于0.2mm2以上至35mm2(包括)導線的夾緊件的通用要求和特殊要求(IEC 60999-1：1999，IDT) GB/T 17626.11—2008 電磁兼容 試驗和測量技術 電壓暫降、短時中斷和電壓變化的抗擾度試驗(IEC 61000-4-11：2004，IDT) IEC 60068-2-6：2007 環境試驗 第2部分：試驗 試驗Fc：振動(正弦)[Environmental testing—Part 2-6：Tests—Test Fc： Vibration (sinusoidal)] IEC 60068-2-27：2008 環境試驗 第2部分：試驗-試驗Ea和導則：沖擊(Environmental testing—Part 2-27：Tests—Test Ea and guidance：Shock) IEC 60417-DB：2002 設備用圖形符號(Graphical symbols for use on equipment) IEC 60617-DB：2012 圖表用圖形符號(Graphical symbols for diagrams) IEC 60695-2-10：2013 電工電子產品著火危險試驗 第2-10部分：灼熱絲/熱絲基本試驗方法灼熱絲裝置和通用試驗方法(Fire hazad testing—Part 2-10：Glowing/hot-wire based test methods—Glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure) IEC 60695-2-11：2014 電工電子產品著火危險試驗 第2-11部分：灼熱絲/熱絲基本試驗方法成品的灼熱絲可燃性試驗方法(Fire hazard testing—Part 2-11：Glowing/hot-wire based test methods—Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT)) IEC 60695-2-12：2010 電工電子產品著火危險試驗 第12部分：灼熱絲/熱絲基本試驗方法 材料的灼熱絲可燃性指數(GWFI)試驗方法(Fire hazard testing—Part 2-12：Glowing/hot-wire based test methods—Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials) IEC 60695-2-12：2010/A1：2014第1號修改單(Amendment 1，2014) IEC 60947-1：2007 低壓開關設備和控制設備 第1部分：總則(Low-voltage switchgear and con-trolgear—Part 1：General rules) IEC 60947-1：2007/A1：2010第1號修改單(Amendment 1，2010) IEC 60947-1：2007/A2：2014第2號修改單(Amendment 2，2014) IEC 60947-4-1：2009 低壓開關設備和控制設備 第4-1部分：接觸器和電動機起動器機電式接觸器和電動機起動器(含電動機保護器)(Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear—Part 4-1：Contactors and motor-starters—Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters) IEC 60947-4-1：2009/A1：2012第1號修改單(Amendment 1，2012) IEC 60947-5-5：1997 低壓開關設備和控制設備 第5-5部分：控制電路電器和開關元件 具有機械鎖閂功能的電氣緊急制動裝置(Low voltage switchgear and controlgear—Part 5-5：Control circuit devices and switching elements—Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function) IEC 60947-5-5：1997/A1：2005第1號修改單(Amendment 1，2005) IEC 60947-5-5：1997/A2：2016第2號修改單(Amendment 2，2016) IEC 61000-3-2 電磁兼容(EMC) 第3-2部分：限值 諧波電流發射限值(設備每相輸入電流＜16A)(Electromagnetic compatibility ( EMC)—Part 3-2：Limits—Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current＜16A per phase)) IEC 61000-3-3 電磁兼容(EMC) 第3-3部分：限值 對每相額定電流＜6A且無條件接入的設備在公用低壓供電系統中產生的電壓變化、電壓波動和閃爍的限制(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 3-3：Limits—Limitation of voltage changes，voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems，for equipment with rated current ＜16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection) IEC 61000-4-2：2008 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-2部分：試驗和測量技術-靜電放電抗擾度試驗(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-2：Testing and measurement techniques—Electrostatic discharge immunity test) IEC 61000-4-3：2006 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-3部分：試驗和測量技術-射頻場感應的傳導騷擾抗擾度試驗(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-3：Testing and measurement techniques—Radiated，radio-frequency，electromagnetic field immunity test) IEC 61000-4-3：2006/A1：2007第1號修改單(Amendment 1，2007) IEC 61000-4-3：2006/A2：2010第2號修改單(Amendment 2，2010) IEC 61000-4-4：2012 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4部分：試驗和測量技術-第4節：電快速瞬變脈沖群抗擾度試驗-基本EMC文件(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-4：Testing and measure-ment techniques—Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test) IEC 61000-4-5：2014 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-5部分：試驗和測量技術 浪涌抗擾度試驗(Elec-tromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-5：Testing and measurement techniques—Surge immunity test) IEC 61000-4-6：2013 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-6部分：試驗和測量技術射頻場感應的傳導騷擾抗擾度(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-6：Testing and measurement techniques—Immu-nity to conducted disturbances，induced by radio frequency fields) IEC 61000-4-8：2009 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-8部分：試驗和測量技術 工頻磁場抗擾度試驗(E-lectromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-8：Testing and measurement techniques—Power fre-quency magnetic field immunity test) IEC 61000-4-13：2002 電磁兼容(EMC) 第4-13部分：試驗和測量技術 交流電源端口諧波、諧間波及電網信號的低頻抗擾度試驗(Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Part 4-13：Testing and measurement techniques—Harmonics and interharmonics including mains signalling at a.c.power port，low frequency immunity tests) IEC 61000-4-13：2002/A1：2009第1號修改單(Amendment 1，2009) IEC 61000-4-13：2002/A2：2015第2號修改單(Amendment 2，2015) IEC 61140：2016 電擊防護 裝置和設備的通用部分(Protection against electric shock—Common aspects for installation and equipment) CISPR 11：2015 工業、科學和醫療設備 射頻騷擾特性 限值和測量方法(Industrial，scientific and medical equipment—Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics—Limits and methods of meas-urement) CIE S 004/E-2001 照明信號顏色(Colours of Light Signals) 2 術語和定義 IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010＋A2：2014界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。 2.1 基本術語和定義 2.1.1 控制電路電器 control circuit device 在開關設備和控制設備中用于控制、信號指示、聯鎖等的電器裝置。 注：控制電路電器可以包括涉及其他標準中的相關電器，例如儀器、電位器、繼電器等，以及作上述用途的輔助電器。 2.1.2 (控制電路和輔助電路的)控制開關 control switch(for control and auxiliary circuit) 用來控制開關設備或控制設備的操作(包括發出信號、電氣聯鎖等)的一種機械開關電器。 注1：控制開關可由具有共同操動系統的一個或多個觸頭元件組成。 注2：控制開關可以包括半導體元件或觸頭元件(見2.3.2和2.3.3)。 注3：改寫IEC 60050-441：1984，定義441-14-46。 2.1.3 適用于隔離的控制開關 control switch suitable for isolation 在斷開位置符合隔離功能規定要求的控制開關(見IEC 60947-1：2007中2.1.19和7.1.7)。 注：該控制開關對在被控設備上工作的人員提供較高的安全等級。因此當開關操作失誤時，例如：在觸頭斷開不充分的情況下，則必須依靠操作人員的判斷進行手動操作使其達到安全位置。 2.1.4 控制站 control station 安裝在同一面板或在同一外殼內的一個或多個控制開關的組合。 注：控制站的面板或外殼也可包含關聯設備，例如：電位器、信號燈、儀器等。 [IEC 60050-441：1984，定義441-12-08] 2.2 控制開關 2.2.1 自動控制開關 automatic control switches 注：自動控制開關是靠自動控制進行操作(見IEC 60947-1：2007中2.4.5)。這種開關也可稱為指示開關(見IEC 60947-1：2007中2.2.18)。 2.2.1.1 瞬時接觸器式繼電器 instantaneous contactor relay 無任何故意延時動作的接觸器式繼電器。 注：除非另有規定，接觸器式繼電器一般是指瞬時接觸器式繼電器。 [IEC 60050-441：1984，定義IEV 441-14-36] 2.2.1.2 延時接觸器式繼電器 time-delay contactor relay 具有規定延時特性的接觸器式繼電器。 注1：延時可為通電延時(e-延時)或斷電延時(d-延時)或通電斷電均延時。 注2：延時接觸器式繼電器也可裝有瞬時觸頭元件。 注3：改寫IEC 60050-441：1984，定義441-14-37。 2.2.1.3 位置開關 position switch 在機器的運動部件到達預定位置時操作操動系統的一種指示開關。 [IEC 60050-441：1984，定義IEV 441-14-49] 2.2.1.4 程序器 programmer 起始后，按預定程序操作的具有多開關元件的控制開關。 2.2.2 人力操作控制開關 manually operated control switches 注：人力操作控制開關是由人力控制進行操作的(見IEC 60947-1：2007中2.4.4)。 2.2.2.1 按鈕 push-button 具有用人體的一部分(一般為用手指或手掌)施力而操作操動器并具有儲能(彈簧)復位的控制開關。 [IEC 60050-441：1984，定義441-14-53] 2.2.2.2 拉鈕 pull-button 具有用手拉操作的操動器和具有儲能(彈簧)復位的控制開關。 2.2.2.3 按—拉鈕 push-pull button 具有先用手按操作和后用手拉返回至其初始位置(或相反操作)的操動器的控制開關。 注：按鈕的結構形式還有“按—按鈕”或“按—轉鈕”或其他組合形式。 2.2.2.4 旋鈕 rotary button 具有靠人力旋轉操動器的按鈕式開關元件的組合(也可參見2.2.2.15～2.2.2.18)。 示例：選擇開關。 注：旋轉式按鈕可有兩個以上位置，可以有或沒有復位彈簧。 2.2.2.5 鎖扣式按鈕 latched push-button 具有復位彈簧的按鈕，但是它保持在操動位置上直到鎖扣被另一動作釋放為止。 注：鎖扣可由同一按鈕或相鄰按鈕的下一次操動(諸如按、轉等)來釋放或用電磁鐵操作來釋放等。 2.2.2.6 定位式按鈕 locked push-button 用另一操作保證其在一個或幾個位置上的按鈕。 注：可用旋轉鈕、旋轉鑰匙、操作手桿等方法定位。 2.2.2.7 鑰匙操作式按鈕 key-operated push-button 僅在鑰匙保持在插入位置時才能操作的按鈕。 注：鑰匙可在任何位置拔出。 2.2.2.8 延時復位按鈕 time-delay push-button 在操作力去除后，經過一預定時間間隔，觸頭才回復至起始位置的按鈕。 2.2.2.9 延時動作按鈕 delayed action push-button 施加在鈕上的力保持一預定時間間隔后，才發生開關動作的按鈕。 2.2.2.10 指示燈式按鈕 illuminated push-button 鈕中裝有一信號燈的按鈕。 2.2.2.11 罩蓋防護式按鈕 covered push-button 有防護蓋或罩保護以防止意外操作的按鈕。 2.2.2.12 定向防護式按鈕 shrouded push-button 在一定方向提供保護以防止意外操作的按鈕。 2.2.2.13 自由式按鈕 free push-button 操動器可無限制地繞其軸旋轉的按鈕。 2.2.2.14 導向式按鈕 guided push-button 其操動器不可繞其軸旋轉的按鈕。 注：導向式按鈕舉例：具有鍵槽形、正方形或長方形的操動器。 2.2.2.15 旋轉控制開關 rotary control switch 旋轉開關(簡稱) rotary switch(abbreviation) 具有旋轉操作操動器的控制開關。 2.2.2.16 鑰匙操作旋轉開關 key-operated rotary switch 用鑰匙作為操動器的旋轉開關。 注：鑰匙在任何位置均可拔出。 2.2.2.17 有限運動式旋轉開關 limited movement rotary switch 操動器的轉動角受限制的旋轉開關。 2.2.2.18 單向運動式旋轉開關 unidirectional movement rotary switch 操動系統只允許在一個方向轉動的旋轉開關。 2.2.2.19 操縱桿 joy stick 具有用操作柄或操作桿所組成的操動器的控制開關，當其處于某一位置時，操作柄或操作桿與面板或外殼間成一直角向外伸出，且用角位移法進行操作。 注1：操作桿隨著桿朝不同方向位移可有兩個以上的位置，從而有別于操作觸頭元件。這一操縱桿稱為操縱桿式選擇開關。 注2：操作柄或操作桿可有或無復位彈簧。 2.2.2.20 搖桿 wobble stick 作任何方向位移都可操作所有觸頭元件的操縱桿。 2.2.2.21 腳踏開關 foot switch(pedal) 具有用腳施加力操作操動器的控制開關。 注：改寫IEC 60050-441：1984，定義441-14-52。 2.3 控制開關部件 2.3.1 開關元件 switch element 開關元件可以是半導體元件(見2.3.2)或觸頭元件(見2.3.3)。 2.3.2 半導體元件 semiconductor element 利用控制半導體的導電可控性來接通和分斷電路電流的一種元件。 2.3.3 觸頭元件 contact element 控制開關中用于閉合和斷開單一電路所需的固定的和可動的、使電路接通和斷開的部件。 注1：觸頭元件和操動系統可組成一個不可分割的單元，但是通常一個或多個觸頭元件可與一個或多個操動系統組合在一起，操動系統可以是不同的。 注2：有關各種觸頭元件的定義在2.3.3.1～2.3.3.10中給出。 注3：上述定義不包括控制線圈和磁系統。 下列是有關控制開關單一觸頭元件的定義： 2.3.3.1 單斷點觸頭元件 single gap contact element 僅由一個觸點閉合或斷開其電路的觸頭元件。 注：見圖4a)和圖4c)。 2.3.3.2 雙斷點觸頭元件 double single gap contact element 由串聯的兩個觸點閉合或斷開其電路的觸頭元件。 注：見圖4b)、圖4d)和圖4e)。 2.3.3.3 接通(常開)觸頭元件 make-contact element (normally open) 當控制開關被操動時閉合一個電路的觸頭元件。 2.3.3.4 分斷(常閉)觸頭元件 break-contact element (normally closed) 當控制開關被操動時斷開一個電路的觸頭元件。 2.3.3.5 轉換觸頭元件 change-over contact elements 由一個接通觸頭元件和一個分斷觸頭元件組成的觸頭元件。 注：見圖4c)、圖4d)和圖4e)。 2.3.3.6 脈沖(瞬時)觸頭元件 pulse(fleeting) contact element 操動器從一個位置轉換至另一個位置期間，在其行程的某一段內斷開或閉合電路的觸頭元件。 2.3.3.7 電氣上分開的觸頭元件 electrically separated contact elements 屬于同一控制開關的觸頭元件，彼此間有足夠的絕緣距離，以使它們能接到電氣上分開的電路中。電氣上分開的電路可以是極性相同的也可以是極性相反的。 注：改寫IEC 60050-441：1984.定義441-15-24。 2.3.3.8 非從動(快速)觸頭元件 independent (snap) action contact element 觸頭運動的速度基本上與操動器的運動速度無關的人控或自控的控制電器的觸頭元件。 2.3.3.9 從動觸頭元件 dependent action contact element 觸頭運動的速度取決于操作器運動速度的人力控制或自動控制的控制電器觸頭元件。 2.3.3.10 觸頭單元 contact unit 一個觸頭元件或同一操動系統操作的類似單元組合的觸頭元件組。 2.3.4 鈕 button 按鈕的操動器的外端，操動力施加于其上。 2.3.4.1 平鈕 flush-button 其初始位置與相鄰固定面基本上是同一水平，而操作時低于該固定面的鈕。 2.3.4.2 凹鈕 recessed button 其初始位置和操作位置都低于相鄰固定面的鈕。 2.3.4.3 凸鈕 extended button 其初始位置和操作位置都高于相鄰固定面的鈕。 2.3.4.4 蘑菇鈕 mushroom button 伸出端有一擴大直徑的鈕。 2.3.5 定位機構 locating mechanism 〈旋轉開關〉使操動器和/或觸頭元件保持在其位置上的操動系統的部件。 注：其他電器(如帶兩位置或緊急制動功能的按鈕)也可由此功能。 2.3.6 終端停擋 end stop 限制運動部件行程的器件。 注：終端停擋既可對操動器也可對觸頭元件起限位作用。 2.4 控制開關的操作 2.4.1 接觸器式繼電器的動作 2.4.1.1 e-延時 e-delay 〈觸頭元件〉在接觸器式繼電器的電磁線圈通電后，其觸頭元件的動作延時。 示例：延時閉合接通觸頭(閉合延時)。 注：術語“e-延時”和“d-延時”均可適用于各種觸頭元件(見2.3.3)。 2.4.1.2 d-延時 d-delay 〈觸頭元件〉在接觸器式繼電器的電磁線圈斷電后，其觸頭元件的動作延時。 例如：延時斷開接通觸頭(斷開延時)。 注：術語“e延時”和“d延時”均可適用于各種觸頭元件(見2.3.3)。 2.4.1.3 固定延時 fixed delay 〈觸頭元件〉延時值為不可調節的接觸器式繼電器的觸頭元件的動作。 2.4.1.4 可調延時 adjustable delay 〈觸頭元件〉在接觸器式繼電器安裝后，其觸頭元件的動作延時可以調節至不同數值。 2.4.2 指示開關的操作 2.4.2.1 操動量 actuating quantity 決定指示開關操作或不操作的物理量值。 2.4.2.2 動作值 operating value 足以引起指示開關動作的操動量值。 2.4.2.3 返回值 return value 使得已經動作的指示開關，返回到其休止位置而必須重新確立的操動量值。 2.4.2.4 差值 different value 動作值和返回值之間的差值。 2.4.3 旋轉開關的操作 2.4.3.1 (旋轉開關的)肯定位置 definite position (of a rotary switch) 只要操動力矩不超過一定值，定位機構使旋轉開關進入指定位置并維持在該位置。 2.4.3.2 休止位置 position of rest 定位機構借助所儲存能量使旋轉開關返回至一穩定的(肯定的)位置上，并保持在該位置。 2.4.3.3 過渡位置 transit position 系一確定位置，在此位置上定位機構在操作瞬間產生預定的標記變化，但此位置操動器不能自行停留。 2.4.3.4 偏位 biased position 系旋轉開關的確定位置，在此位置上操動器受拉力阻止停留，以防止其利用貯能(例如，借助彈簧)從停留位置返回到休止位置。 注：在一個偏位轉移到鄰近的休止位置期間，旋轉開關可以經過一個或幾個過渡位置。 2.4.3.5 鎖扣位置 latched position 系一偏位，在此位置上返回機構被鎖扣裝置鎖住。 注：鎖扣裝置可用人力釋放或用其他方法釋放。 2.4.3.6 鎖定位置 locked position 系一確定位置，用其他動作來確保旋轉開關在此位置上。 注：鎖定可以用轉動鑰匙，操作控制桿等獲得。 2.4.3.7 操作圖 operating diagram 旋轉開關的觸頭元件按預定順序操動而動作的表示圖。 2.4.4 機械操作的控制開關的操作 2.4.4.1 操動器的預行程 pre-travel of the actuator 不引起觸頭元件行程的操動器的最大行程。 注：見圖2中尺寸a。 2.4.4.2 操動器的超行程 over-travel of the actuator 所有觸頭均達到其閉合(斷開)位置后的操動器的行程。 2.4.4.3 直接傳動 direct drive 操動器與觸頭元件之間的連接使操動器無任何預行程。 2.4.4.4 肯定傳動 positive drive 操動器與觸頭元件之間的連接使施加在操動器上的力直接傳遞至觸頭元件上。 2.4.4.5 有限傳動 limited drive 操動器與觸頭元件之間的連接使力傳遞至觸頭元件上是有限的。 2.4.4.6 最小起動力(或力矩) minimum starting force (or moment) 操動器預行程起動力(或力矩)的最小值。 2.4.4.7 最小操動力(或力矩) minimum actuating force (or moment) 施加在操動器上的能使所有觸頭達到其閉合(或斷開)位置的力(或力矩)的最小值。 2.4.4.8 觸頭元件的預行程 pre-travel of the contact element 在觸頭接通(分斷)前觸頭元件內產生的相對運動。 注：見圖2中尺寸b。 2.4.4.9 觸頭元件的超行程 over-travel of the contact element 在觸頭已達到其接通(分斷)位置后觸頭元件內產生的相對運動。 注：見圖2中尺寸d。 2.4.4.10 彈跳時間 bounce time 對于用于閉合(斷開)電路的觸頭，彈跳時間指觸頭電路第一次閉合(斷開)的瞬間到電路最終被閉合(斷開)的瞬間的時間間隔。 注：改寫IEC 60050-444：2002，定義444-05-04。 3 分類 3.1 觸頭元件 觸頭元件可按下列分類： a)使用類別(見4.4)； b)與使用類別相關的電器額定值(見附錄A)； c)下列字母型式之一(見圖4)： 1)型式A——單斷點接通觸頭元件； 2)型式B——單斷點分斷觸頭元件； 3)型式C——單斷點三端子的通斷轉換觸頭元件； 4)型式X——雙斷點接通觸頭元件； 5)型式Y——雙斷點分斷觸頭元件； 6)型式Z——雙斷點四端子的通斷轉換觸頭元件。 d)c)中沒有包括的其他型式。 注1：就圖4e)而言，兩個動觸頭元件為電氣上分開的(見2.3.3.7)。 注2：先通后斷(閉合重疊的)轉換觸頭元件(當動觸頭從一位置運動到另一位置中的某一段行程內兩個電路都被閉合)與先斷后通(無閉合重疊)的轉換觸頭元件(當動觸頭從一位置運動到另一位置中的某一段行程內兩個電路都被斷開)是有區別的。除非另有規定，一般轉換觸頭元件是指先斷后通者。 3.2 控制開關 控制開關可以按觸頭元件以及操動系統的性質進行分類，如：按鈕，型式X。 3.3 控制電路電器 控制電路電器可以按控制開關和相連的控制電路設備進行分類，如：帶指示燈的按鈕。 3.4 延時開關元件 延時開關元件可以按開關元件實現延時的方法進行分類，如：電延時、磁延時、機械延時或氣動延時。 3.5 控制開關的安裝 控制開關的安裝可以按安裝孔的尺寸進行分類，如：D12、D16、D22、D30(見6.3.1)。 4 特性 4.1 特性概述 4.1.1 一般要求 控制電路電器和開關元件的特性應在下列項目中選擇合適的項目進行規定： ——電器的型式(見4.2)； ——開關元件的額定值和極限值(見4.3)； ——開關元件的使用類別(見4.4)； ——正常負載特性和非正常負載特性(見4.3.6)。 4.1.2 控制開關的操作 控制開關的主要用途是通斷表1指定的各種使用類別的負載。 對于其他用途，例如：通斷鎢絲燈、小電動機等，本部分不作具體規定，但在4.3.6.2中作了說明。 4.1.2.1 正常條件下操作 控制開關的正常條件下操作是指對表1中的使用類別進行閉合、保持和斷開電路，也可以參見表4。 4.1.2.2 非正常條件下操作 非正常條件下操作是指如電磁鐵雖然已被激磁，但不能閉合的情況，參見表5。 控制開關應能分斷該使用條件下的電流。 4.2 控制電路電器或開關元件的型式 4.2.1 控制電路電器的種類 控制電路電器的種類： ——人力操作控制開關，例如：按鈕，旋轉開關，腳踏開關等； ——電磁操作控制開關(延時動作或瞬時動作)，例如：接觸器式繼電器； ——指示開關，例如：壓力開關，溫敏開關(熱敏開關)，程序器等； ——位置開關； ——有關的控制電路電器，例如：指示燈等。 4.2.2 開關元件的種類 開關元件的種類： ——開關電器(例如：接觸器，斷路器等)的輔助觸頭，該類觸頭不僅僅用于對開關電器線圈的控制； ——外殼門的聯鎖觸頭； ——旋轉開關的控制電路觸頭； ——過載繼電器的控制電路觸頭。 4.2.3 極數 應規定極數。 4.2.4 電流種類 電流種類： ——交流； ——直流 4.2.5 滅弧介質 滅弧介質： ——空氣； ——油； ——氣體； ——真空等。 4.2.6 操作條件 4.2.6.1 操作方式 操作方式： ——人力操作； ——電磁操作； ——氣動操作； ——電控-氣動操作。 4.2.6.2 控制方式 控制方式： ——自動； ——非自動； ——半自動。 4.3 開關元件的額定值和極限值 4.3.1 一般要求 控制電路電器的開關元件額定值應按4.3.2～4.3.6的規定，但不必規定所有列出值。 4.3.2 (開關元件的)額定電壓 4.3.2.1 一般要求 開關元件的額定電壓應按4.3.2.2～4.3.2.4的規定。 4.3.2.2 額定工作電壓(Ue) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.1.1適用，并補充下列要求。 對于三相電路，額定工作電壓Ue用線電壓有效值表示。 注：開關元件可用若干額定工作電壓和額定工作電流的組合來表示。 本部分涉及的控制開關一般不推薦用于很低的電壓，而且也不適合這樣的用途。因此，對于用于較低的工作電壓時(例如低于交流或直流100V)，建議征詢制造商的意見。 4.3.2.3 額定絕緣電壓(Ui) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.1.2適用 4.3.2.4 額定沖擊耐受電壓(Uimp) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.1.3適用。 4.3.3 電流 4.3.3.1 約定自由空氣發熱電流(Ith) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.2.1適用。 4.3.3.2 約定封閉發熱電流(Ithe) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.2.2適用。 4.3.3.3 額定工作電流(Ie) IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.2.3第一段適用。 4.3.4 額定頻率 IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.3適用。 4.3.5 空白 4.3.6 正常和非正常的負載特性 4.3.6.1 正常條件下開關元件的額定接通和分斷能力及其特性 開關元件應滿足表4中規定的使用類別和額定操作電壓的要求。 注：對于已規定使用類別的開關元件，無需再單獨規定其接通和分斷能力。 用于通斷小電動機和鎢絲燈負載的開關元件應按IEC 60947-4-1：2009＋A1：2012的規定確定其使用類別，并還應符合其相應要求。 4.3.6.2 非正常條件下接通和分斷能力 開關元件應符合表5中規定的使用類別的要求。 注：非正常使用條件示例：電磁鐵不動作，開關元件不得不分斷接通電流。 4.3.7 短路特性 4.3.7.1 額定限制短路電流 IEC 60947-1：2007中4.3.6.4適用。 4.4 開關元件的使用類別 表1中規定的使用類別認為是標準使用類別，其他型式的使用類別應以制造商和用戶的協議為準。但是，制造商的樣本或說明書中給出的信息可構成協議。 表1 開關元件的使用類別 電流種類 使用類別 典型用途 交流 AC-12 AC-13 AC-14 AC-15 控制電阻性負載和光電耦合隔離的固態負載 控制有變壓器隔離的固態負載 控制小容量電磁式負載(≤72VA) 控制交流電磁式負載(＞72VA) 直流 DC-12 DC-13 DC-14 控制電阻性負載和光電耦合隔離的固態負載 控制電磁鐵 控制電路中有經濟電阻的電磁式負載 4.5 空白 4.6 空白 4.7 空白 4.8 空白 4.9 空白 4.10 電氣上分開的觸頭元件 制造商應規定控制電路電器的觸頭元件電氣上是否分開(見2.3.3.7)。除非制造商另有說明，電氣上分開的觸頭元件應當視為是相反的極性。 4.11 指示開關的操動量 指示開關的操動量的動作值和返回值取決于操動量的正常上升值和正常下降值。除非另有規定，操動量的變化率應是有規律的，并且不能在小于10s內達到動作值(或返回值)。 動作值和返回值兩者都可以為固定值，或其中一個為可調，或者均為可調(或兩者之差值可調)。 如適用，制造商應指明耐受值，該值可以是大于最高整定動作值的最大值，或是小于最低整定返回值的最小值。耐受值指在該值下操作不得損壞指示開關或改變其特性。 4.12 具有兩個或多個觸頭元件的指示開關 具有兩個或兩個以上不可單獨調節的觸頭元件的指示開關，對于每個觸頭元件來講，可有不同的動作值和返回值。 具有兩個或兩個以上的可單獨調節的觸頭元件的指示開關可被認為是指示開關的組合。 5 產品的有關資料 5.1 資料的內容 制造商應提供有關識別資料和基本額定值及使用類別資料。 識別資料如下： a)制造商廠名或商標； b)型號或系列號，由此可從制造商或其產品樣本或按附錄A的選擇來獲得關于開關元件(或整個控制開關)的有關資料； c)本標準號(如果制造商聲明是符合該標準的話)。 基本額定值和使用類別資料如下： d)額定工作電壓(見4.3.2.2)； e)控制電路電器額定工作電壓下的使用類別和額定工作電流； f)額定絕緣電壓(見4.3.2.3)； g)額定沖擊耐受電壓(見4.3.2.4)； h)空白； i)IP等級(對封閉式控制電路電器)(見IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010中5.1和附錄C)； j)污染等級(見6.1.3.2)； k)短路保護電器的型式和最大額定值(見8.3.4.3)； l)限制短路電流； m)適用于隔離，如適用，應引用IEC 60617-DB：2012中S00288符號； n)相同極性 觸頭元件的指示； o)導線插入端子前應剝掉的絕緣的長度； p)對于非通用的無螺紋型接線端子： ——“s”或“sol”代表單根硬導線的接線端子； ——“r”代表剛性(單根或絞和)導線的接線端子； ——“f”代表軟導線的接線端子。 5.2 標志 5.2.1 一般要求 5.1 a)和5.1 b)的標志應標在控制電路電器的銘牌上，以便從制造商獲得完整的資料。 5.1 n)的標志應標在控制電路電器的銘牌上，以確保安裝時布線正確。 標志應是不易磨滅的和易于識別的，并且標志不應標在螺釘及可移動的墊圈上。 只要空間允許，5.1 c)～5.1 m)和5.1 o)的參數應標在銘牌或控制電路電器上，或包含在制造商公布的文件中。 非通用無螺紋型接線端子的標識“s”“sol”“r”或“f”應標在電器上，或者，如果空間不夠，應在最小包裝或產品技術資料里注明。 5.2.2 接線端子的識別和標志 IEC 60947-1：2007中7.1.8.4適用，并增加附錄M中規定的附加要求。 5.2.3 功能標志 操動器可用刻上符號的形式來識別。如果在停止鈕的操動器上刻有或標有符號，那么該符號應為圓形或橢圓形(以橢圓零表示)。圓形符號或橢圓形符號只能用于停止鈕。 如果空間足以確保標識清晰，則還可用字母或文字的形式作為標志。在其余情況下，識別標志應標在每個操動器周圍或靠近它的固定標簽上。 符號應符合IEC 60417-DB：2002。 5.2.4 緊急制動 帶有機械式鎖閂功能的緊急制動裝置的操動器形狀與顏色、背景顏色和開閂方向應符合IEC 60947-5-5：1997＋A2：2016的要求。 5.2.5 操作圖 5.2.5.1 一般要求 旋轉開關可以有多個觸頭元件和多個操動器位置，因此，制造商需要指明操動器位置與相關的觸頭元件位置之間的關系。 建議以操作圖的形式來說明上述關系，其示例見圖1，并附注說明。 5.2.5.2 位置指示和觸頭位置 IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010中7.1.6.1適用，并補充以下要求： 位置指示應清楚，有關內容或符號應不易磨滅和易于識別。 5.2.5.3 操作圖的接線端子標記 就操作圖而言，接線端子的標記應清楚識別。也可參見附錄M。 5.2.6 延時標志 對于延時接觸器式繼電器，如果它為固定延時，則標志應包括延時值，如果它為可調延時，則標志應包括延時范圍。 在具有一個以上的延時觸頭元件的情況下，應指明在觸頭元件第一次延時后每個觸頭元件的動作與下一個動作之間的相對延時。 如果兩個或兩個以上的觸頭元件帶有可調延時，則應指明它們是否單獨可調。 對于每個延時觸頭元件，制造商應按2.4.1.1或2.4.1.2指明其延時特性。 5.3 安裝、操作和維修說明 IEC 60947-1：2007＋A1：2010＋A2：2014中5.3適用。 5.4 附加資料 對于某些型式的控制電路電器所需的附加資料，按附錄J和附錄K的有關規定進行補充。 這類附加資料應由制造商提供，可用接線圖或說明書的形式與控制電路電器一起提供。