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GB/T 5226 consists of the following parts, under the general title of Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines
——Part 1: General requirements;
——Part 6: Requirements for construction machinery;
——Part 7: Requirements for industrial robot;
——Part 11: Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1000V a.c. or 1500V d.c. and not exceeding 36kV;
——Part 31: Particular safety and EMC requirements for sewing machines, units and systems;
——Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines;
——Part 33: Requirements for semiconductor fabrication equipment;
——Part 34: Requirements for machine tools.
This is Part 1 of GB/T 5226.
This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB 5226.1-2008 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements. The following technical changes have been made with respect to GB 5226.1-2008:
——the relevant factors necessary to be reduced for the equipment used at higher altitudes are added (see 4.4.5);
——where the supply disconnecting device is a plug/socket combination, relevant requirements shall be proposed (see 5.3.3);
——new requirements for the operating means of the supply disconnecting device are proposed (see 5.3.4);
——specific requirements for supply systems with different earthing modes for protection by automatic disconnection of supply are proposed (see 6.3.3);
——the requirements for determination of short-circuit current rating of the electrical equipment are proposed (see 7.10);
——more requirements for protective bonding circuit are specified (see 8.2);
——many control functions are added, such as monitoring the ability of a cableless control system to control a machine (see 9.2);
——more detailed requirements for the protection against malfunction of control circuits are specified (see 9.4.3);
——new requirements are specified in technical documentation (see Clause 17);
——new requirements for the installation methods of wires and cables are specified (see Annex D);
——Annex H is added to specifically discuss measures to reduce electromagnetic effects (see Annex H);
——Annex I is added to provide relevant information for users (see Annex I).
This standard, by means of translation, is identical to IEC 60204-1:2016 Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General requirements.
Chinese documents having corresponding consistency relationship with the normative international documents referenced in this part are listed in Annex NA.
The following editorial changes have been made in this part:
——The name of the standard is changed as Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements;
——Annex NA (informative) is added.
This part was proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This part is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee 231 on Electrical Systems of Industrial Machinery of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 231).
The previous editions replaced by this part are as follows:
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Introduction
This part of GB/T 5226 provides requirements and recommendations relating to the electrical equipment of machines so as to promote:
———safety of persons and property;
———consistency of control response;
———ease of maintenance.
More guidance on the use of this part is given in Annex F.
Figure 1 has been provided as an aid to the understanding of the inter-relationship of the various elements of a machine and its associated equipment. Figure 1 is a block diagram of a typical machine and associated equipment showing the various elements of the electrical equipment addressed in this part. Numbers in parentheses ( ) refer to Chapter and Sections (or articles) in this part. It is understood in Figure 1 that all of the elements taken together including the safeguards, tooling/fixturing, software, and the documentation, constitute the machine, and that one or more machines working together with usually at least one level of supervisory control constitute a manufacturing cell or system.
Figure 1 Block diagram of a typical machine
Electrical Safety of Machinery-Electrical Equipment of Machines - Part 1: General Requirements
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 5226 applies to electrical, electronic and programmable electronic equipment and systems to machines (including a group of machines working together in a coordinated manner), and it is not applicable to the machines portable by hand while working.
Note 1: this part is a general standard and is not intended to limit or inhibit technological advancement.
Note 2: in this part, the term “electrical” includes electrical, electronic and programmable electronic matters (electrical equipment means electrical, electronic and programmable electronic equipment).
Note 3: in the context of this part, the term “person” refers to any individual and includes those persons who are assigned and instructed by the user or his agent(s) in the use and care of the machine in question.
The equipment covered by this part commences at the point of connection of the supply to the electrical equipment of the machine (see 5.1).
Note 4: the requirements for the electrical supply installation in buildings are given in the IEC6034 series.
This part is applicable to the electrical equipment or parts of the electrical equipment that operate with nominal supply voltages not exceeding 1000 V for alternating current (A.C.) and not exceeding 1500 V for direct current (D.C.), and with nominal supply frequencies not exceeding 200 Hz.
Note 5: information on electrical equipment or parts of the electrical equipment that operate with higher nominal supply voltages can be found in IEC 60204-11.
This part does not cover all the requirements (for example guarding, interlocking, or control) that are needed or required by other standards or regulations in order to protect persons from hazards other than electrical hazards. Each type of machine has unique requirements to be accommodated to provide adequate safety.
This part specifically includes, but is not limited to, the electrical equipment of machines as defined in 3.1.40.
Note 6: Annex C lists examples of machines whose electrical equipment can be covered by this part of GB/T 5226.
This part does not specify additional and special requirements that can apply to the electrical equipment of machines that, for example:
– are intended for use in open air (i.e. outside buildings or other protective structures);
– use, process, or produce potentially explosive material (for example paint or sawdust);
– are intended for use in potentially explosive and/or flammable atmospheres;
– have special risks when producing or using certain materials;
– are intended for use in mines;
– are sewing machines, units, and systems (which are covered by IEC 60204-31);
– are hoisting machines (which are covered by IEC 60204-32);
– are semiconductor fabrication equipment (which are covered by IEC 60204-33).
Power circuits where electrical energy is directly used as a working tool are excluded from this part of GB/T 5226.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 16754-2008 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop — Principles for design （ISO 13850:2006, IDT）
GB/T 6895.3-2017 Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 5-54: Selection and erection of electrical equipment — Earthing arrangements and protective conductors (IEC 60364-5-54:2011, IDT)
GB 16895.5-2012 Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 4-43: Protection for safety—Protection against overcurrent (IEC 60364-4-43:2008, IDT)
GB/T 6895.6-2014 Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 5-52: Selection and erection of electrical equipment — Wiring systems (IEC 60364-5-52:2009, IDT)
GB 16895.21-2011 Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 4-41: Protection for safety — Protection against electric shock (IEC 60364-4-41:2005, IDT)
GB 16895.22-2004 Electrical installations of buildings—Part 5-53: Selection and erection of electrical equipment—Isolation, switching and control—Section 534: Devices for protection against overvoltages (IEC 60364-5-53:2001, IDT)
GB/T 16895.23-2012 Low-voltage electrical installations— Part 6: Verification (IEC 60364-6:2006, IDT)
IEC 60034-1 Rotating electrical machines — Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60072
(all parts) Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines
IEC 60309-1 Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes - Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60364-1 Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 1 :Fundamental principles assessment of general characteristics，definitions)
IEC 60417 Graphical symbols for use on equipment
IEC60445:2010 Basic and safety principles for man machine interface. marking and identification — Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors
IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60664-1 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems — Part 1: Principles，requirements and tests
IEC 60947-2 Low- voltage switchgear and controlgear— Part 2: Circuit breakers)
IEC 60947-3 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 3: Switches, disconnectors, switch disconnectors, and fuse- combination units
IEC 60947-5-:2003 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements- Electromechanical control circuit devices
IEC 60947-5-1 :2003/ AMD1 :2009
IEC 60947-5-5 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear- Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements- Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function
IEC 60947-6-2 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear- Part 6-2: Multiple function equipment-Control and protective switching devices (or equipment) (CPS)
IEC 61140 Protection against electric shock- Common aspects for installation and equipment
IEC 61310
(all parts) Safety of machinery-Indication, marking and actuation
IEC 61439-1 Low- voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies — Part 1: General rules products
IEC 61558-1 Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products- Part 1: General requirements and tests
IEC 61558-2-6 Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for supply voltages upto1 100 V — Part 2-6: Particular requirements and tests for safety isolating transformers and power supply units incorporating safety isolating transformers
IEC 61984 Connectors- Safety requirements and tests
IEC 62023 Structuring of technical information and documentation
IEC62061 Safety of machinery — Functional safety of safety- related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems
ISO 7010:2011 Graphical symbols- Safety colours and safety signs — Registered safety signs
ISO 13849-1 Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design
ISO 13849-2 Safety of machinery- Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
actuator
part of a device to which an external action is to be applied
Note 1: the actuator may take the form of a handle, knob, push-button, roller, plunger, etc.
Note 2: there are some actuating means that do not require an external actuating force, but only an action, e.g. touchscreens.
Note 3: see 3.1.39.
3.1.2
ambient temperature
temperature of the air or other medium where the equipment is to be used
3.1.3
barrier
part providing protection against contact with live parts from any usual direction of access
3.1.4
basic protection
protection against electric shock under fault-free conditions
Note: previously referred to as “protection against direct contact”.
[IEC 60050-195: 1998, 195-06-01, modified]
3.1.5
cable tray
cable support consisting of a continuous base and raised edges and no covering
Note: a cable tray may be perforated or non-perforated.
[IEC 60050-826: 2004, 826-15-08]
3.1.6
cable trunking system
system of closed enclosures comprising a base with a removable cover intended for the complete surrounding of insulated conductors or cables
3.1.7
concurrent
occurring or operating at the same time (but not necessarily synchronously)
3.1.8
conductor wire
conductor bar
conductive wire or bar of a feeder system with a sliding current collector
3.1.9
conduit
part of a closed wiring system of circular or non-circular cross-section for insulated conductors and/or cables in electrical installations
Note: conduits should be sufficiently close-jointed so that the insulated conductors and/or cables can only be drawn in and not inserted laterally.
[IEC 60050-442: 1998, 442-02-03, modified]
3.1.10
control circuit (of a machine)
circuit used for the control, including monitoring, of a machine and the electrical equipment
3.1.11
control device
device connected into the control circuit and used for controlling the operation of the machine (for example, position sensor, manual control switch, contactor, relay, magnetically operated valve).
3.1.12
control station
operator control station
assembly of one or more control actuators (see 3.1.1) fixed on the same panel or located in the same enclosure
Note: a control station may also contain related equipment, for example, potentiometers, signal lamps, instruments, display devices, etc.
[IEC 60050-441: 1984, 441-12-08, modified]
3.1.13
controlgear
switching devices and their combination with associated control, measuring, protective, and regulating equipment, also assemblies of such devices and equipment with associated interconnections, accessories, enclosures, and supporting structures, intended in principle for the control of electrical energy consuming equipment
[IEC 60050-441: 1984, 441-11-03, modified]
3.1.14
controlled stop
stopping of machine motion with power to the machine actuators maintained during the stopping process
3.1.15
direct contact
contact of persons or livestock with live parts
Note: see 3.1.4.
[IEC 60050-826: 2004, 826-12-03, modified]
3.1.16
direct opening action (of a contact element)
achievement of contact separation as the direct result of a specified movement of the switch actuator through non-resilient members (for example not dependent upon springs)
[IEC 60947-5-1: 2003, K.2.2]
3.1.17
duct
enclosed channel designed expressly for holding and protecting electrical conductors, cables, and busbars
Note: conduits (see 3.1.9), cable trunking systems (see 3.1.6) and underfloor channels are types of duct.
3.1.18
earth/ground (US)
local earth/local ground (US)
part of the Earth which is in electric contact with an earth electrode and the electrical potential of which is not necessarily equal to zero
[IEC 60050-195: 1998, 195-01-03]
3.1.19
electrical operating area
room or location for electrical equipment to which access is intended to be restricted to skilled or instructed persons, by the opening of a door or the removal of a barrier without the use of a key or tool, and which is clearly marked by appropriate warning signs
3.1.20
electronic equipment
part of the electrical equipment containing circuitry dependent for its operation on electronic devices and components
3.1.21
emergency stop device
manually actuated control device used to initiate an emergency stop function
[GB/T 16754—2008, 3.2]
Note: see 9.2.3.4.2.
3.1.22
emergency switching off device
manually actuated control device used to switch off or to initiate the switching off of the supply of electrical energy to all or a part of an installation where a risk of electric shock or another risk of electrical origin is involved
Note: see 9.2.3.4.3.
3.1.23
enclosed electrical operating area
room or location for electrical equipment to which access is intended to be restricted to skilled or instructed persons by the use of a key or tool to open a door, or remove a barrier, and which is clearly marked by appropriate warning signs
3.1.24
enclosure
part providing protection of equipment against certain external influences and, in any direction, basic protection as protection against direct contact
Note: the existing definition taken from the IEV needs the following explanations within the scope of this part of GB/T 5226:
1) Enclosures provide protection of persons or livestock against access to hazardous parts.
2) Barriers, shaped openings, or any other means suitable to prevent or limit the penetration of the specified test probes, whether attached to the enclosure or formed by the enclosed equipment, are considered as part of the enclosure, except where they can be removed without the use of a key or tool.
3) An enclosure may be:
——a cabinet or box, either mounted on the machine or separate from the machine;
——a compartment consisting of an enclosed space within the machine structure.
[IEC 60050-195: 1998, 195-02-35]
3.1.25
electrical equipment
items used in connection with the utilisation of electricity by machines or parts of machines, for example material, fittings, devices, components, appliances, fixtures, apparatus, and similar
3.1.26
equipotential bonding
provision of electric connections between conductive parts, intended to achieve equipotentiality
[IEC 60050-195: 1998, 195-1-10]
3.1.27
exposed conductive part
conductive part of electrical equipment, which can be touched and which is not live under normal operating conditions, but which can become live under fault conditions
[IEC 60050-826: 2004, 826-12-10, modified]
3.1.28
extraneous conductive part
conductive part not forming part of the electrical installation and liable to introduce an electric potential, generally the electric potential of a local earth
[IEC 60050-195: 1998, 195-06-11]
3.1.29
failure
termination of the ability of an item to perform a required function
Note 1: after failure, the item has a fault.
Note 2: "Failure" is an event, as distinguished from "fault", which is a state..
Note 3: this concept as defined does not apply to items consisting of software only.
Note 4: in practice, the terms fault and failure are often used synonymously.
3.1.30
fault
state of an item characterized by inability to perform a required function, excluding the inability during preventive maintenance or other planned actions, or due to lack of external resources
Note 1: a fault is often the result of a failure of the item itself, but may exist without prior failure.
Note 2: in English, the term “fault” and its definition are identical with those given in IEC 60050-191: 1990, 191-05-01. In the field of machinery, the French term “defaut” and the German term “Fehler” are used rather than the terms “Panne” and “Fehlzustand” that appear with this definition.
3.1.31
fault protection
protection against electric shock under single-fault conditions
Note: previously referred to as “protection against indirect contact”
[IEC 60050-195: 1998, 195-06-02]
3.1.32
functional bonding
equipotential bonding necessary for proper functioning of electrical equipment
3.1.33
hazard
potential source of physical injury or damage to health
Note 1: the term hazard can be qualified in order to define its origin (for example, mechanical hazard, electrical hazard) or the nature of the potential harm (for example, electric shock hazard, cutting hazard, toxic hazard, fire hazard).
Note 2: the hazard envisaged in this definition:
——either is permanently present during the intended use of the machine (for example motion of hazardous moving elements, electric arc during a welding phase, unhealthy posture, noise emission, high temperature);
——or can appear unexpectedly (for example: explosion, crushing hazard as a consequence of an unintended/unexpected start-up, ejection as a consequence of a breakage, fall as a consequence of acceleration/deceleration).
[GB/T 15706—2012, 3.6, modified]
3.1.34
indirect contact
contact of persons or livestock with exposed conductive parts which have become live under fault conditions
Note: see 3.1.31.
[IEC 60050-826: 2004, 826-12-04]
3.1.35
inductive power supply system
system of inductive power transfer, consisting of a track converter and a track conductor, along which one or more pick-up(s) and associated pick-up converter(s) can move, without any galvanic or mechanical contact, in order to transfer electrical power for example to a mobile machine
Note: the track conductor and the pick-up are analogous to the primary and secondary of a transformer respectively.
3.1.36
instructed person (in electricity)
person adequately advised or supervised by an electrically skilled person to enable him or her to perceive risks and to avoid hazards which electricity can create
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 General requirements
4.1 General
4.2 Selection of equipment
4.3 Electrical supply
4.4 Physical environment and operating conditions
4.5 Transportation and storage
4.6 Provisions for handling
5 Incoming supply conductor terminations and devices for disconnecting and switching off
5.1 Incoming supply conductor terminations
5.2 Terminal for connection of the external protective conductor
5.3 Supply disconnecting (isolating) device
5.4 Devices for removal of power for prevention of unexpected start-up
5.5 Devices for isolating electrical equipment
5.6 Protection against unauthorized, inadvertent and/or mistaken connection
6 Protection against electric shock
6.1 General
6.2 Basic protection
6.3 Fault protection
6.4 Protection by the use of PELV
7 Protection of equipment
7.1 General
7.2 Overcurrent protection
7.3 Protection of motors against overheating
7.4 Protection against abnormal temperature
7.5 Protection against the effects of supply interruption or voltage reduction and subsequent restoration
7.6 Motor overspeed protection
7.7 Additional earth fault/residual current protection
7.8 Phase sequence protection
7.9 Protection against overvoltages due to lightning and to switching surges
7.10 Short-circuit current rating
8 Equipotential bonding
8.1 General
8.2 Protective bonding circuit
8.3 Measures to restrict the effects of high leakage current
8.4 Functional bonding
9 Control circuits and control functions
9.1 Control circuits
9.2 Control functions
9.3 Protective interlocks
9.4 Control functions in the event of failure
10 Operator interface and machine-mounted control devices
10.1 General
10.2 Actuators
10.3 Indicator lights and displays
10.4 Illuminated push-buttons
10.5 Rotary control devices
10.6 Start devices
10.7 Emergency stop devices
10.8 Emergency switching off devices
10.9 Enabling control device
11 Controlgear: location, mounting, and enclosures
11.1 General requirements
12 Conductors and cables
13 Wiring practices
13.3 Wiring inside enclosures
13.4 Wiring outside enclosures
13.5 Ducts, connection boxes and other boxes
14 Electric motors and associated equipment
14.1 General requirements
14.2 Motor enclosures
14.3 Motor dimensions
14.4 Motor mounting and compartments
14.5 Criteria for motor selection
14.6 Protective devices for mechanical brakes
15 Socket-outlets and lighting
15.1 Socket-outlets for accessories
15.2 Local lighting of the machine and of the equipment
16 Marking, warning signs and reference designations
16.1 General
16.2 Warning signs
16.3 Functional identification
16.4 Marking of enclosures of electrical equipment
16.5 Reference designations
17 Technical documentation
17.1 General
17.2 Information related to the electrical equipment
18 Verification
18.1 General
18.2 Verification of conditions for protection by automatic disconnection of supply
18.3 Insulation resistance tests
18.4 Voltage tests
18.5 Protection against residual voltages
18.6 Functional tests
18.7 Retesting
Annex A (Normative) Fault protection by automatic disconnection of supply
Annex B (Informative) Enquiry form for the electrical equipment of machines
Annex C (Informative) Examples of machines covered by this part of GB/T
Annex D (Informative) Current-carrying capacity and overcurrent protection of conductors and cables in the electrical equipment of machines
Annex E (Informative) Explanation of emergency operation functions
Annex F (Informative) Guide for the use of this part of GB/T
Annex G (Informative) Comparison of typical conductor cross-sectional areas
Annex H (Informative) Measures to reduce the effects of electromagnetic influences
Annex I (Informative) Documentation / information
