Wind energy generation systems - Technical specifications for post-evaluation and retrofitting of wind farms
1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements related to the post-evaluation and retrofitting of wind farms (hereinafter referred to as “wind farms”), including the requirements for conducting post-evaluation, post-design evaluation of wind farms, post-operation evaluation of wind farms, as well as the technical requirements and evaluation for wind farm retrofitting aimed at optimizing energy production and improving reliability.
This document is applicable to the post-evaluation of onshore wind farms that have been put into operation and have generated operational data, as well as to the design evaluations for technical retrofitting aimed at optimizing energy production and improving reliability of these wind farms. It may serve as a reference for offshore wind farms.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 5226.1 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 15969.1 Programmable controllers - Part 1: General information
GB/T 15969.2 Programmable controllers - Part 2: Equipment requirements and tests
GB/T 18451.1 Wind energy generation systems - Design requirements
GB/T 18451.2-2021 Wind turbines - Power performance measurements of electricity producing
GB/T 19963.1 Technical specification for connecting wind farm to power system - Part 1: On shore wind power
GB/T 33225 Electricity producing wind turbines - Power performance measurements based on nacelle anemometry
GB/T 37523-2019 Specification for data inspection and correction of wind power plant meteorological observation
DL/T 1870 Technical specification for power grid and source coordination
NB/T 10103-2018 Technical code for micro-siting of wind power projects
NB/T 10205 Technical rules for wind power forecasting
NB/T 10590 Technical specification of lightning protection improvement for power grid in wind farms located in multiple thunderstorm region
NB/T 10909 Wind energy resources analysis and output calculation methods for micrositing
NB/T 31046 Function specification of wind power forecasting system
NB/T 31078 Evaluation method for grid code compliance of wind farms
NB/T 31085 Code for economic evaluation of wind farm
IEC 61400-26-1 Wind energy generation systems - Part 26-1: Availability for wind energy generation systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
reanalysis of meteorological data
use of long-term consistent meteorological observation data, applying data assimilation and atmospheric numerical model systems to generate long-term, continuous data with higher spatial and temporal resolution to describe atmospheric conditions
[Source: GB/T 37523-2019, 3.2, modified]
3.2
nacelle wind speed
horizontal wind speed measured on top of the nacelle of a wind turbine or in front of a wind turbine
[Source: GB/T 33225-2016, 3.21]
3.3
nacelle transfer function
functional relationship between nacelle wind speed and the wind speed measured by the anemometer of anemometer tower at the hub height of the turbine, used to correct the nacelle wind speed to the far upstream free-stream wind speed
3.4
power curve conformance
ratio of the cumulative value of actual power for each wind speed interval multiplied by the measured wind frequency (or specified wind frequency) to the cumulative value of theoretical power (or guaranteed power) for each wind speed interval multiplied by the measured wind frequency (or specified wind frequency) across all wind speed intervals of a single wind turbine, also known as the power curve guarantee value
Note 1: For multiple turbines, it is the arithmetic average of the power curve guarantee values for the turbines.
Note 2: Power curve conformance is generally also referred to as power curve compliance, and power curve guarantee value is commonly referred to as power curve assessment value in contracts.
3.5
actual energy production
energy measured at the point of connection of the wind turbine to the power collection system
Note: The connection point may be at low voltage level or at medium or high voltage level depending on the design of the wind turbine. For IEC 61400-26-1, it is defined as the actual service delivery, i.e., the actual measurement value at the connection point of the wind farm.
[Source: GB/Z 35483-2017, 3.1.2, modified]
3.6
potential energy production
calculated energy based on the wind turbine design criteria and technical specifications and the site conditions
Note: For IEC 61400-26-1, it is defined as potential service delivery), i.e., the calculated value of physical potential output or restricted potential output.
[Source: GB/Z 35483-2017, 3.1.3, modified]
3.7
lost production
energy that the wind turbine should have generated but failed to generated
Note: The lost production is the difference between potential energy production and actual energy production. For IEC 61400-26-1, it is defined as lost service, i.e., unprovided service.
[Source: GB/Z 35483-2017, 3.1.4, modified]
3.8
design theoretical energy production
annual theoretical energy production determined during the wind farm design stage, using the turbine's contract power curve, measured topographical maps, and preliminary wind measurement data as inputs, with wind resource assessment and consideration of various reductions and losses
3.9
automatic generation control; AGC
control process that automatically adjusts the active power output of each generator, wind farm, and photovoltaic station within a control area, using an automatic control program to maintain system frequency and the power exchange of the interconnection lines within planned target ranges
[Source: DL/T 1870-2018, 3.4]
3.10
levelized cost of energy
discounted ratio of all costs incurred by the wind farm power generation system during the evaluation period to the total amount of energy available for grid connection
Note: It is expressed in CNY per kilowatt-hour kilowatt-hour (kWh).
3.11
supervisory control and data acquisition; SCADA
system based on a processor unit which receives information from intelligent electric device (IED), determines the control requirements and sends commands to the IED
Note: A computer system that for example dispatchers use to monitor the power distribution throughout a service or control area. For the purpose of this document, it specifically refers to the centralized control system for all wind turbines and their ancillary equipment within the wind farm.
[Source: GB/T 30966.1-2022, 3.32]
3.12
baseline evaluation period
time period used for baseline comparison before wind turbine retrofitting
3.13
optimized evaluation period
time period used for evaluation after wind turbine retrofitting and stable operation
3.14
test turbines
wind turbines undergoing technological upgrades during the optimized evaluation period
3.15
reference turbines
wind turbines that have not undergone technological upgrades during the optimized evaluation period and are used to evaluate the improvement effects of the test turbines
4 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
IRR: Internal Rate of Return
LCOE: Levelized Cost of Energy
NPV: Net Present Value
PBA: Production-based Availability
PPD: Power Performance Deviation
TBA: Time-based Availability
VG: Vortex Generator
Contents
Foreword III
Introduction IV
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Abbreviations
5 Evaluation requirements
5.1 General
5.2 Data integrity
5.3 Data normalization
5.4 Data classification
6 Post-design evaluation of wind farms
6.1 General
6.2 Representativeness of anemometer towers
6.3 Turbine selection and configuration
6.4 Topography
6.5 Wind resource
6.6 Deviation in energy production
6.7 Economical efficiency
7 Post-operation evaluation of wind farms
7.1 General
7.2 Power generation performance
7.3 Availability
7.4 Reliability
7.5 Safety
7.6 Grid-connected operation
7.7 Economical efficiency
8 Retrofitting of wind farms
8.1 General
8.2 Optimization
8.3 Component installation and replacement
8.4 Complete machine replacement
8.5 Others
9 Evaluation of wind farm retrofitting
9.1 General
9.2 Retrofit effectiveness
9.3 Safety
9.4 Economical efficiency
10 Requirements for report
Annex A (Informative) Data collection checklist
Annex B (Normative) Wind speed normalization
Annex C (Informative) Empirical method for solving nacelle transfer function
Annex D (informative) Evaluation of related parameters and typical abnormal conditions of turbine power generation performance
Bibliography
風能發電系統風力發電場后評價及 改造技術規范
1 范圍
本文件規定了風力發電場(以下簡稱“風電場”)后評價及改造等相關技術內容,包括進行后評價的 評估要求、風電場設計后評價、風電場運行后評價以及可進行發電量優化及可靠性提升的風電場改造技術要求及評價。
本文件適用于已投產并產生運行數據的陸上風電場后評價及針對發電量優化及可靠性提升的技術改造設計評價,海上風電場參照執行。
2 規范性引用文件
下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中,注日期的引用文件,僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 5226.1 機械電氣安全機械電氣設備第1部分:通用技術條件
GB/T 15969.1 可編程序控制器第1部分:通用信息
GB/T 15969.2 可編程序控制器第2部分:設備要求和測試
GB/T 18451.1 風力發電機組設計要求
GB/T 18451.2-2021 風力發電機組功率特性測試
GB/T 19963.1 風電場接入電力系統技術規定第1部分:陸上風電
GB/T 33225 風力發電機組基于機艙風速計法的功率特性測試
GB/T 37523-2019 風電場氣象觀測資料審核、插補與訂正技術規范
DL/T 1870 電力系統網源協調技術規范
NB/T 10103—2018 風電場工程微觀選址技術規范
NB/T 10205 風電功率預測技術規定
NB/T 10590 多雷區風電場集電線路防雷改造技術規范
NB/T 10909 微觀選址中風能資源分析及發電量計算方法
NB/T 31046 風電功率預測系統功能規范
NB/T 31078 風電場并網性能評價方法
NB/T 31085 風電場項目經濟評價規范
IEC 61400-26-1 風能發電系統第26-1部分:風能發電系統的可用性(Wind energy generation systems—Part 26-1:Availability for wind energy generation systems)
3 術語和定義
下列術語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
再分析氣象數據 reanalysis of meteorological data
利用長期一致性氣象觀測資料,采用資料同化和大氣數值模式系統,生成長期、連續、具有更高時空 分辨率的描述大氣狀態的數據。
[來源:GB/T 37523—2019,3.2,有修改]
3.2
機艙風速 nacellewind speed
在風力發電機組機艙頂或風電機組前方測量的水平風速。
[來源:GB/T 33225—2016,3.21]
3.3
機艙傳遞函數 nacelle transfer function
機組機艙風速與能夠代表該機組輪轂高度處測風塔風速計測量的風速之間的函數關系,用于將機 艙風速校正為遠前方自由來流風速。
3.4
功率曲線符合度 power curve conformance
單臺風力發電機組所有風速區間內每個風速區間下的實際功率與實測風頻(或指定風頻)乘積累計 值與所有風速區間內每個風速區間下的理論功率(或擔保功率)與實測風頻(或指定風頻)乘積累計值的 比值,也稱功率曲線保證值。
注1:對于多臺機組,是多個機組功率曲線保證值的算術平均值。
注2:功率曲線符合度一般也稱功率曲線符合性,功率曲線保證值一般合同里也稱功率曲線考核值。
3.5
實際發電量 actual energy production
風力發電機組與電力匯集系統連接點處所測量的電能。
注:根據風力發電機組設計,連接點可位于低電壓側或中、高電壓側。對于IEC 61400-26-1,定義為風電場實際出力 (actual service delivery),即風電場連接點的實際測量值。
[來源:GB/Z 35483—2017,3.1.2,有修改]
3.6
潛在發電量 potential energy production
根據風力發電機組設計準則、技術規范及場址條件計算的電能。
注:對于IEC 61400-26-1,定義為潛在出力(potential service delivery),即物理潛在出力或受限潛在出力的計算值。
[來源:GB/Z 35483—2017,3.1.3,有修改]
3.7
損失發電量 lost production
風力發電機組應發但未能發出的電能。
注:損失發電量等于潛在發電量與實際發電量差值。對于EC 61400-26-1,定義為服務損失(lost service),即未提供 的服務。
[來源:GB/Z 35483—2017,3.1.4,有修改]
3.8
設計理論發電量 design theoretical energy production
在風電場設計階段,以機組合同功率曲線、實測地形圖、前期測風數據作為輸入,經風資源評估并考慮各種折減、損失后得出的年理論發電量。
3.9
自動發電控制 automatic generation control; AGC
通過自動控制程序,實現對控制區內各發電機組、風電場和光伏發電站有功出力的自動重新調節分配,來維持系統頻率、聯絡線交換功率在計劃目標范圍內的控制過程。
[來源:DL/T 1870—2018,3.4]
3.10
平準化度電成本 levelized cost of energy
風電場發電系統在評價周期內發生的所有成本與全部可上網電量的折現比值。
注:單位為元每千瓦時。
3.11
數據采集與監控系統 supervisory control and data acquisition; SCADA
基于處理單元的系統,用于從智能電子設備(IED) 處接收信息、決定控制要求以及發送命令到智能 電子設備(IED)。
注:例如,調度人員使用的用來監控服務器或控制區域內電力分布的計算機系統。本文件中特指風電場內所有風 電機組及其附屬設備的集中集控系統。
[來源:GB/T 30966.1-2022,3.32]
3.12
基準評估期 baseline evaluation period
風電機組改造前用于基準比對的時間段。
3.13
優化評估期 optimized evaluation period
風電機組改造完成穩定運行后用于評估的時間段。
3.14
實驗機組 test turbines
在優化評估期內進行技術升級的風電機組。
3.15
參考機組 reference turbines
在優化評估期內未進行技術升級,用于評估實驗機組優化提升效果的風電機組。
4 縮略語
下列縮略語適用于本文件。
IRR: 內部收益率(Internal Rate of Return)
LCOE: 平準化度電成本(Levelized Cost of Energy)
NPV: 凈現值(Net Present Value)
PBA: 發電量可利用率(Production-based Availability)
PPD: 功率特性偏離(Power Performance Deviation)
TBA: 時間可利用率(Time-based Availability)
VG: 渦流發生器(Vortex Generator)