Forword
This document is drafted in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2020 Guidelines for Standardization, Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents.
This document is the first part of GB/T 18451 Wind Turbine Generator System. GB/T 18451 has issued the following parts:;
——GB/T 18451.1 Wind Turbine Generator Set Design Requirements;
——GB/T 18451.2 Power Characteristic Test of Wind Turbine Generator Set.
This document replaces GB/T 18451.1-2012K Wind Turbine Generator Set Design Requirements. Compared with GB/T 18451.1-2012, except for structural adjustment and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows:
——Some terms and definitions have been added (see 3.9, 3.29, 3.36, 3.39, 3.45, 3.49, 3.50, 3.52);
——Some terms and definitions have been deleted (see 3.27, 3.36 and 3.65 of the 2012 edition);
——The wind speed representation method of the wind turbine class definition has been changed Definition (see 6.2 in 2012);
——Added Vf. T, A+wind turbine generator class (see 6.2)
——It is added that the turbulent wind model should meet the requirements of Kaimal model (see 6.3.1);
——The calculation method of Weibull distribution of turbulence standard deviation is added (see 6.3.2.3);
——Changed the design load case (see 7.4 in the 2012 version) d
——The partial safety factor has been changed (see 7. C of 7.6, 2012 edition,
——The control system has been changed (see Chapter 8, Chapter already of 2012 edition);
——The main gearbox has been changed (see 9.4 of 2012 version);
——Changed the electrical system (see Chapter 10, Chapter 10 of 2012 edition)
——Changed the assessment of wind turbines under specific site conditions (see Chapter 11, Chapter 11 of the 2012 edition);
——Cold climate has been added (see Chapter 14).
This document is equivalent to IEC 61400-1:2019 Wind Turbine Generator Systems - Part 1: Design Requirements. The following minimum editorial changes have been made to this document:
——In order to coordinate with the existing standards, the name of the standard is changed to Wind Turbine Generator Design Requirements;
——Informative appendix NA "Chinese documents with consistent correspondence with IEC 60034 (all parts)" is added. This document is proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Wind Power Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 50).
The previous versions of this document and its substitutes are as follows:
——It was first published as GB 18451.1-2001 in 2001;
——It was revised for the first time in 2012, and this is the second revision.
Introduction
This document outlines the minimum design requirements for wind turbine generators, but is not a complete design specification or guidance manual.
After proper demonstration, if the requirements of a clause in this document will not endanger the safety of the wind turbine generator unit, the clause can be changed. However, this provision does not apply to the classification and related definitions of external conditions in Chapter 6. Compliance with the requirements of this document does not relieve any individual, organization or group of responsibility for complying with other applicable standards or regulations. This document does not specify the requirements for offshore wind turbine generators, especially the supporting structures. For offshore wind power facilities, refer to IEC 61400-3 series standards. GB/T 18451 establishes the minimum design requirements and structural design of wind turbine generator units, involving control and protection functions, internal electrical systems, mechanical systems and support structures, which are composed of design requirements and power characteristic tests.
——GB/T 18451.1 Wind Turbine Generator Set, Design Requirements. The purpose is to provide uniform design requirements to ensure wind power generation
The design of the unit is standardized to prevent damage to the wind turbine generator unit caused by various hazards.
——GB/T 18451.2 Wind Turbine Generator Set, Power Characteristic Test. The purpose is to define the power characteristic test of wind turbine
Requirements and methods to verify the generation performance of the wind turbine generator set designed in accordance with Part 1.
1 Scope
This document specifies the necessary design requirements to ensure the structural integrity of wind turbine generator units. Its purpose is to provide an appropriate degree of protection during the expected life of the wind turbine generator unit to prevent damage to the wind turbine generator unit caused by various hazards.
This document covers various subsystems of the wind turbine generator unit, such as control and protection functions, internal electrical systems, mechanical systems and support structures. This document is applicable to wind turbine generator units of all capacities. For small wind turbine generator units, refer to IEC 61,400-2. IEC 61400-3-1 imposes additional requirements on offshore wind turbine installations.
This document can be used together with IEC and ISO standards mentioned in Chapter 2.
2 Normative references
The contents in the following documents, through normative references, constitute indispensable provisions of this document. Where, for dated references, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
ISO 76 Rolling bearings Static load ratings
Note: GB/T 4662-2012 Rated Static Load of Rolling Bearings (ISO76:2006,1DT)
ISO 281 Rolling bearings - Dynamic load ratings and rating life
Note: GB/T 6391-2010 Rated Dynamic Load and Rated Life of Rolling Bearings (ISO 281:2007, IDT)
ISO 2394
General principles on reliability for structures ISO 2533 Standard atmosphere
ISO 4354 Wind actions on structures
ISO 6336-2 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting)
Note: GB/T 3480.2-2021 Calculation of Load Carrying Capacity of Spur and Helical Gears - Part 2: Calculation of Tooth Surface Contact Strength (Pitting) (ISO 6336-2:2019, IDT)
ISO 6336-3:2006 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 3; Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength
Note: GB/T 3480.3-2021 Calculation of Load Capacity of Spur and Helical Gears - Part 3: Calculation of Bending Strength of Gear Teeth (ISO 6336-3: 2019. IDT)
ISO 12494 Atmospheric icing on structures
ISO 13850 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design
Note: GB/T16754-2021 Mechanical Safety Emergency Stop Function Design Principles (ISO 13850:2015, IDT)
ISO/TS 16281 Rolling bearings - Methods for calculating the modified reference rating life for universally loaded bearings
Note: GB/T 36517-2018 Rolling Bearings - Calculation Method of Reference Rated Life for Bearing Correction under General Load Conditions (ISO/TS 16281:2008IDT)
IEC 60034 (all parts) Rotating electrical machines
Note: For Chinese documents consistent with IEC 60034 (all parts), see Appendix NA. IEC 60038 Standard voltages
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and Abbreviations
5 Basic requirements
6 External conditions
7 Structural Design
8 Control system
9 Mechanical system
10 Electrical system
11 Evaluation of wind turbine generator units under specific site conditions
12 Assembly, Installation and Hoisting
13 Commissioning, Operation and Maintenance
14 Cold climate
Appendix A (Normative) Design Parameters of External Conditions
Appendix B (Informative) Assessment of Design Load Conditions or Site Adaptability of Class S Wind Turbine
Appendix C (Informative) Turbulence Model
Appendix D (Informative) Seismic Load Assessment
Appendix E (informative) Wake and wind farm turbulence
Appendix F (Informative) Wind distribution prediction of wind turbine site based on measurement correlation prediction (MCP) method
Appendix G (informative) Statistical extrapolation of loads for ultimate strength analysis
Annex H (informative) Fatigue analysis based on Miner criterion and load extrapolation method
Appendix I (Informative) Simultaneous Load
Appendix J (Informative) Prediction of Extreme Wind Speed of Tropical Cyclones by Monte Carlo Simulation
Appendix K (informative) Calibration of safety factor of structural materials and auxiliary structural design for test
Appendix L (informative) Cold Climate; Impact and assessment of icing climate
Appendix M (Informative) Medium sized Wind Turbine Generator
Appendix N (informative) Chinese documents with consistent correspondence with IEC 60034 (all parts)
Bibliography
Forword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and Abbreviations
5 Basic requirements
6 External conditions
7 Structural Design
8 Control system
9 Mechanical system
10 Electrical system
11 Evaluation of wind turbine generator units under specific site conditions
12 Assembly, Installation and Hoisting
13 Commissioning, Operation and Maintenance
14 Cold climate
Appendix A (Normative) Design Parameters of External Conditions
Appendix B (Informative) Assessment of Design Load Conditions or Site Adaptability of Class S Wind Turbine
Appendix C (Informative) Turbulence Model
Appendix D (Informative) Seismic Load Assessment
Appendix E (informative) Wake and wind farm turbulence
Appendix F (Informative) Wind distribution prediction of wind turbine site based on measurement correlation prediction (MCP) method
Appendix G (informative) Statistical extrapolation of loads for ultimate strength analysis
Annex H (informative) Fatigue analysis based on Miner criterion and load extrapolation method
Appendix I (Informative) Simultaneous Load
Appendix J (Informative) Prediction of Extreme Wind Speed of Tropical Cyclones by Monte Carlo Simulation
Appendix K (informative) Calibration of safety factor of structural materials and auxiliary structural design for test
Appendix L (informative) Cold Climate; Impact and assessment of icing climate
Appendix M (Informative) Medium sized Wind Turbine Generator
Appendix N (informative) Chinese documents with consistent correspondence with IEC 60034 (all parts)
Bibliography
前言
本文件按照GB/T 1.1-2020《標準化工作導則﹑第1部分:標準化文件的結構和起草規則》的規定起草。
本文件是GB/T 18451《風力發電機組》的第1部分。GB/T 18451已經發布了以下部分;
——GB/T 18451.1風力發電機組設計要求;
——GB/T 18451.2風力發電機組功率特性測試。
本文件代替GB/T 18451.1-2012K風力發電機組設計要求》,與GB/T 18451.1-2012相比,除結構調整和編輯性改動外,主要技術變化如下:
——增加了部分術語和定義(見3.9,3.29,3.36,3.39,3.45,3.49、3.50、3.52);
——刪除了部分術語和定義(見2012年版的3.27,3.36,3.65);
——更改了風力發電機組等級定義的風速表示方法、I ..定義(見6.2,2012年版的6.2) ;
——增加了Vf.T 、A＋風力發電機組等級(見6.2）﹔
——增加了湍流風模型應滿足Kaimal模型要求(見6.3.1);
——增加了湍流標準差的威布爾分布計算方式(見6.3.2.3);
——更改了設計載荷工況(見7.4,2012年版的7.4)d
——更改了分項安全系數(見7.6,2012年版的7.C，
——更改了控制系統(見第8章,2012年版的第已章);
——更改了主齒輪箱(見9.4,2012年版的9.4);
——更改了電氣系統(見第10章,2012年版的第10章)﹔
——更改了特定場址條件下風力發電機組評估(見第11章,2012年版的第11章);
——增加了寒冷氣候(見第14章)。
本文件等同采用IEC 61400-1:2019《風力發電機組第1部分:設計要求》。本文件做了下列最小限度的編輯性改動:
——為與現有標準協調,將標準名稱改為《風力發電機組設計要求》;
——增加了資料性附錄NA“與 IEC 60034(所有部分)有一致性對應關系的我國文件”。本文件由中國機械工業聯合會提出。
本文件由全國風力發電標準化技術委員會(SAC/TC 50)歸口。
本文件及其所代替文件的歷次版本發布情況為:
——2001年首次發布為GB 18451.1—2001;
——2012年第一次修訂,本次為第二次修訂。
引言
本文件概述了風力發電機組的最低設計要求,但不是完整的設計規范或指導手冊。
經過適當論證后,如果變更本文件某條款的要求不會危及風力發電機組安全,那么就可以變更此條款。但該規定不適用于第6章中外部條件的分類和相關定義。符合本文件的要求,并不能解除任何個人,組織或團體遵守其他適用標準或法規的責任。本文件沒有給出海上風力發電機組的要求,特別是支撐結構。對于海上風電設施,可參考IEC 61400-3系列標準。GB/T 18451確立了風力發電機組的最低設計要求及結構設計,涉及控制和保護功能,內部電氣系統,機械系統和支撐結構等,由設計要求和功率特性測試兩個部分組成。
——GB/T 18451.1風力發電機組﹑設計要求。目的在于提供統一的設計要求,以保證風力發電
機組設計的規范性,防止各種危險對風力發電機組造成損壞。
——GB/T 18451.2風力發電機組﹑功率特性測試。目的在于明確風力發電機組功率特性測試
要求和方法,以驗證按照第1部分進行設計的風力發電機組的發電性能。
1范圍
本文件規定了確保風力發電機組結構完整性的必要設計要求。其目的是在風力發電機組的預期壽命期間,提供適當的防護等級,以防止各種危險對風力發電機組造成損壞。
本文件涉及風力發電機組的各子系統,如控制和保護功能,內部電氣系統,機械系統和支撐結構。本文件適用于所有容量的風力發電機組。對于小型風力發電機組可參考IEC 61400-2。IEC 61400-3-1對海上風力發電機組的設施提出了額外的要求。
本文件可與第⒉章提到的IEC,ISO標準一起使用。
規范性引用文件
下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中,注日期的引用文件,僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
ISO 76 滾動軸承﹑額定靜載荷(Rolling bearings-Static load ratings)
注:GB/T 4662-2012滾動軸承額定靜載荷(ISO76:2006,1DT)
ISO 281 滾動軸承額定動載荷和額定孝命(Rolling bearings - Dynamic load ratings and rating life)
注:GB/T 6391-2010滾動軸承 額定動哉荷和額定壽命(ISO 281:2007,IDT)
ISO 2394 結構可靠性的基本原則(General principles on reliability for structures)ISO 2533標準大氣(Standard atmosphere)
ISO 4354 風對建筑物的作用( Wind actions on structures)
ISO 6336-2 直齒輪和斜齒輪承載能力計算 第2部分:齒面接觸強度(點蝕)計算[Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 2:Calculation of surface durability (pitting)]
注:GB/T 3480.2—2021直齒輪和斜齒輪承載能力計算 第2部分:齒面接觸強度(點蝕)計算(ISO 6336-2:2019,IDT)
ISO 6336-3:2006 直齒輪和斜齒輪承載能力計算第3部分;輪齒彎曲強度計算(Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength)
注:GB/T 3480.3-2021直齒輪和斜齒輪承載能力計算第3部分:輪齒彎曲強度計算(ISO 6336-3:2019.IDT)
ISO 12494 建筑物的大氣結冰(Atmospheric icing on structures)
ISO 13850 機械安全 急停功能設計原則(Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design)
注:GB/T16754-2021機械安全急停功能設計原則(ISO 13850:2015,IDT)
ISO/TS 16281 滾動軸承 一般載荷條件下軸承修正參考額定壽命計算方法(Rolling bearings - Methods for calculating the modified reference rating life for universally loaded bearings)
注:GB/T 36517-2018 滾動軸承 一般載荷條件下軸承修正參考額定壽命計算方法(ISO/TS 16281:2008IDT)
IEC 60034(所有部分) 旋轉電機(Rotating electrical machines)
注:與IEC 60034(所有部分)有一致性對應關系的我國文件見附錄NA.IEC 60038標準電壓(Standard voltages)
3術語和定義
4符號和縮略語
5基本要求
6外部條件
7結構設計
8控制系統
9機械系統
10電氣系統
11特定場址條件下風力發電機組評估
12組裝﹑安裝和吊裝
13調試,運行和維護
14寒冷氣候
附錄A(規范性)外部條件設計參數
附錄B(資料性)S級風力發電機組的設計載荷工況或場地適應性評估
附錄C(資料性)湍流模型
附錄D(資料性)地震載荷評估
附錄E(資料性)尾流及風電場湍流
附錄F(資料性)基于測量-相關-預測(MCP)方法的風力發電機組場址風分布預測
附錄G(資料性)用于極限強度分析的載荷統計外推法
附件H(資料性)基于Miner準則和載荷外推法的疲勞分析
附錄Ⅰ(資料性）同期載荷
附錄J(資料性)用蒙特卡洛仿真法預測熱帶氣旋的極端風速
附錄K(資料性)結構材料安全系數的校準及試驗輔助結構設計
附錄L(資料性)寒冷氣候;結冰氣候的影響與評估
附錄M(資料性)中型風力發電機組
附錄NA(資料性)與IEC 60034(所有部分)有一致性對應關系的我國文件
參考文獻
