This standard was developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 25686-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Safety requirements for remote operator control. In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 25686-2010:
——The standard name is changed;
——Some contents of the scope are modified; (see Clause 1 of this standard; Clause 1 of Edition 2010);
——Some standards in Normative References are added and some are deleted (see Clause 2 of this standard; Clause 2 of Edition 2010);
——Some terms and definitions are added in Clause 3 (see 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.11 of Clause 3);
——The title of Clause 4 is modified (see Clause 4 of this standard; Clause 4 of Edition 2010);
——Some of the requirements for remote operator control are modified (see Clause 4 of this standard; Clause 4 of Edition 2010);
——Some contents about forward-direction marking are modified (see Clause 5 of this standard; Clause 5 of Edition 2010);
——Some contents of Instruction are modified (see Clause 5 of this standard; Clause 5 of Edition 2010);
——Annex A (informative) is added (see Annex A).
This standard is identical to ISO 15817:2012 Earth-moving machinery - Safety requirements for remote operator control systems by translation.
The Chinese documents consistent and corresponding with the normative international documents in this standard are as follows:
——GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) (IEC 60529:2013, IDT);
——GB/T 8498-2017 Earth-moving machinery- Basic types- Identification and terms and definitions (ISO 6165:2012, IDT);
—— GB/T 8593.1-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 1: Common symbols (ISO 6405-1: 2004, IDT);
—— GB/T 8593.2-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 2: Specific symbols for machines, equipment and accessories (ISO 6405-2: 1993, IDT);
——GB 20178-2014 Earth-moving machinery - Machine safety labels - General principles (ISO 9244:2008, IDT);
—— GB/T 22359-2008 Earth-moving machinery - Electromagnetic compatibility (ISO 13766:2006, IDT);
—— GB/T 16754-2008 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop - Principles for design (ISO 13850:2006, IDT).
This standard was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Earth-moving Machine of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 334).
The previous edition of this standard is as follow:
——GB/T 25686-2010.
Earth-moving machinery - Safety
requirements for remote operator control systems
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the essential safety requirements for remote operator control systems used on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.
It is not applicable to autonomous control systems that enable a machine to work without the assistance of an operator, nor does it apply to the remote control of attachments on non-remote controlled machines.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6165 Earth-moving machinery - Basic types-Identification and terms and definitions
ISO 6405-1 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 1: Common symbols
ISO 6405-2 Earth-moving machinery - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 2: Specific symbols for machines, equipment and accessories
ISO 9244 Earth-moving machinery - Machine safety labels - General principles
ISO 13766 Earth-moving machinery - Electromagnetic compatibility
ISO 13850 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop - Principles for design
ISO 15998 Earth-moving machinery - Machine-control systems (MCS)using electronic components - Performance criteria and tests for functional safety
IEC 60068-2-31 Environmental testing - Part 2-31: Tests - Test Ec: Rough handling shocks, primarily for equipment-type specimens
IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
control cable
electric wire for transmitting signals between the remote control box and the receiving unit for a wired remote control system
3.2
direct control
control of the machine by an operator in physical contact with the machine
3.3
emergency stop device
manually actuated device, located on the machine, used to initiate an emergency stop function
3.4
emergency stop function
function that is intended to
——avoid impending, or reduce existing, hazards to persons, damage to machinery or to work in progress, and
——be initiated by a single human action
Note 1: Hazards, for the purposes of this Standard, are those which can arise from
——functional irregularities (e.g. machinery malfunction, unacceptable properties of the material processed, human error),
——normal operation.
Note 2: Adapted from ISO 13850:2006, definition 3.1.
3.5
hazard zone
area defined by the intended use of the machine where potential for injury might exist due to movement of the machine and its application
3.6
receiving unit
device located on the machine to receive signals emitted from the remote control box and to process these signals into machine operating orders
Note: It consists of the following elements
——receiving element that receives signals from the remote control box;
——monitoring element for confirming signals;
——output intersection element that drives the control devices of the machine.
The receiving unit may also include means of return signal transmission for confirmation.
3.7
remote control
remote operator control
operator control of a machine by wireless or wired transmission of signals from a remote control box not located on the machine to a receiving unit located on the machine
3.8
remote control box
device, not on the machine, that transmits signals to actuate all needed operating functions for control of the machine
Note: The signals are transmitted from the remote control box to the receiving unit.
3.9
remote control system
system consisting of a remote control box and receiving unit that transmits operational control information to and from a remote controlled machine
3.10
remote-controlled operation
operation of a machine by an operator distant from the machine
3.11
remote stop
device on the remote control unit and/or “portable” (e.g. hand-held) device that causes all controlled machine hazardous movement to stop
4 Requirements for remote operator control
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 Design
The principles of ISO 15998 shall be followed in the design of remote control, safety-related, machine control systems using electronic components.
Remote control systems shall be designed so that all powered movement is prevented for any of the following conditions:
a) the operator controls are not activated;
b) loss of the power supply of the remote control system;
c) loss of the signal between the remote control box and the receiving unit;
d) loss of the machine power supply that interrupts any part of the remote control system;
e) any remote control operation interlock not in place and/or functional.
Re-establishing the power supply or the signal between the remote control box and the receiving unit shall not create unintended hazardous machine motion. Resuming remote controlled operation shall only be possible after an intentional reset of machine operation by the operator.
When hazardous zones of the machine are not visible to the remote control operator, there shall be means for the operator to provide a warning before the engine or machinery is started. Exposed personnel shall be given time to leave the hazardous zone or have the means to prevent the engine or machinery from starting.
4.1.2 Wireless control
Remote control systems shall have a means (indicator light, beacon, audible alarm, etc.) of identifying the corresponding controlled machine prior to the start of the remote operation. The warning device specified in 4.10 may be used.
4.1.3 Wired control
The control cable shall be of sufficient length and flexibility to allow the operator to maintain an operating position outside the hazard zone. Excessive tension on the control cable shall not cause actuation of the controls. Any failure of the control cable or connection shall cause powered machine movement to stop.
4.2 Signal integrity
The signal transmission system shall have an error detection and/or correction system to prevent the machine controls from being actuated by false signals resulting from burst levels of electromagnetic radiation, temporary signal loss, etc. The data communication protocol shall continually verify the integrity of the communication link and of the data being transmitted. If signal integrity cannot be verified, remote controlled powered movement shall stop until signal integrity has been re-established and the operator has performed an intentional reset.
4.3 Operating range (wireless)
The operating range of the remote control shall be sufficient to allow the operator to be outside the hazard zone; this range shall be clearly stated in the operator's manual.
4.4 Remote control box
4.4.1 Design
Machine movement, other than machine stop, shall only be able to be controlled from one remote control box at a time.
By design and the application of ergonomic principles, the remote control box shall minimize restriction of the machine operator's freedom of movement.
The presence of electrical power at the remote control box shall be indicated by an optical device, e.g. LED or panel light.
4.4.2 Operator controls
4.4.2.1 General
Continuously running work function controls (e.g. attachment controls) and float controls may be held in a detent position. Other machine operational controls on the remote control box shall return to their neutral position when the operator releases the control or shall require an alternative sustained operator input control (e.g. hold-to-run).
When the controls are in their neutral or detent position, the resulting machine action shall be the same as when the corresponding controls on the machine, if present, are in their neutral or detent position. Instructions shall be provided in the operator's manual for the approved use of continuously running work function controls.
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Requirements for remote operator control
5 Forward-direction marking
6 Instructions
Annex A (informative) Example machine safety label for remote control
Bibliography
ICS 53.100
P 97
GB
中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
GB/T 25686—2018/ISO 15817:2012
代替GB/T 25686—2010
土方機(jī)械 司機(jī)遙控裝置的安全要求
Earth-moving machinery—Safety
requirements for remote operator control systems
(ISO 15817:2012,IDT)
2018-09-17發(fā)布 2019-04-01實施
國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局
中國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會 發(fā)布
前言
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照GB/T 1.1—2009給出的規(guī)則起草。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代替GB/T 25686—2010《土方機(jī)械 司機(jī)遙控的安全要求》,本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與GB/T 25686—2010相比﹐除編輯性修改外主要技術(shù)變化如下:
——修改了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名稱;
——修改了范圍的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。(見第1章,2010年版的第1章);
——第2章“規(guī)范性引用文件”中增加和刪除部分引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(見第2章,2010年版的第2章);
——第3章增加了部分術(shù)語及其定義(見第3章的3.2、3.3、3.4和3.11);
——修改了第4章的標(biāo)題(見第4章,2010年版的第4章);
——增加、修改和刪除了司機(jī)遙控的要求的部分內(nèi)容(見第4章,2010年版的第4章);
——修改了前進(jìn)方向標(biāo)記的相關(guān)內(nèi)容(見第5章,2010年版的第5章);
——修改了說明書的部分內(nèi)容(見第6章,2010年版的第6章);
——增加了資料性附錄A(見附錄A)。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用翻譯法等同采用ISO 15817:2012《土方機(jī)械 司機(jī)遙控裝置的安全要求》。
與本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)范性引用的國際文件有一致性對應(yīng)關(guān)系的我國文件如下:
——GB/T 4208—2017 外殼防護(hù)等級(IP代碼)(IEC 60529:2013,IDT);
——GB/T 8498—2017 土方機(jī)械 基本類型 識別、術(shù)語和定義(ISO 6165:2012,IDT);
——GB/T 8593.1—2010 土方機(jī)械 司機(jī)操縱裝置和其他顯示裝置用符號 第1部分:通用符號(ISO 6405-1:2004,IDT);
——GB/T 8593.2—2010 土方機(jī)械 司機(jī)操縱裝置和其他顯示裝置用符號 第2部分:機(jī)器、工作裝置和附件的特殊符號(ISO 6405-2:1993,IDT);
——GB 20178—2014 土方機(jī)械 機(jī)器安全標(biāo)簽 通則(ISO 9244:2008,IDT);
——GB/T 22359—2008 土方機(jī)械 電磁兼容性(ISO 137662006,IDT);
——GB/T 16754—2008機(jī)械安全 急停 設(shè)計原則(ISO 13850;2006,IDT)。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由中國機(jī)械工業(yè)聯(lián)合會提出。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由全國土方機(jī)械標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(SAC/TC 334)歸口。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所代替標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的歷次版本發(fā)布情況:
——GB/T 25686——2010。
土方機(jī)械 司機(jī)遙控裝置的安全要求
1 范圍
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于ISO 6165中定義的土方機(jī)械用司機(jī)遙控裝置的基本安全要求。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不適用于不受司機(jī)協(xié)助就可使機(jī)器自行工作的自主控制系統(tǒng),也不適用于非遙控機(jī)器上的附屬裝置的遙控。
2 規(guī)范性引用文件
下列文件對于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
ISO 6165 土方機(jī)械 基本類型 識別、術(shù)語和定義(Earth-moving machinery—Basic types-Identification and terms and definitions)
ISO 6405-1 土方機(jī)械 司機(jī)操縱裝置和其他顯示裝置用符號 第1部分:通用符號(Earth-moving machinery—Symbols for operator controls and other displays—Part 1:Common symbols)
ISO 6405-2 土方機(jī)械 司機(jī)操縱裝置和其他顯示裝置用符號,第2部分:機(jī)器、工作裝置和附件的特殊符號(Earth-moving machinery—Symbols for operator controls and other displays—Part 2:Specific symbols for machines, equipment and accessories)
ISO 9244 土方機(jī)械 機(jī)器安全標(biāo)簽 通則(Earth-moving machinery—Machine safety labels—General principles)
ISO 13766 土方機(jī)械 電磁兼容性(Earth-moving machinery—Electromagnetic compatibility)
ISO 13850 機(jī)械安全 急停 設(shè)計原則(Safety of machinery—Emergency stop—Principles for design)
ISO 15998 土方機(jī)械 采用電子元件的機(jī)械控制系統(tǒng)(MCS) 功能安全性能準(zhǔn)則和試驗(Earth-moving machinery—Machine-control systems (MCS)using electronic components—Performance criteria and tests for functional safety)
IEC 60068-2-31 環(huán)境試驗 第2-31部分:試驗﹐試驗Ec:粗處理沖擊(主要用于設(shè)備型試樣)(Environmental testing—Part 2-3l:Tests—Test Ec:Rough handling shocks,primarily for equipment-type specimens)
IEC 60529 外殼防護(hù)等級(IP代碼)[Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)]
3 術(shù)語和定義
下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
控制電纜control cable
在遙控箱和接收裝置之間傳輸信號的電線。
3.2
直接操縱 direct control
對和司機(jī)身體接觸的機(jī)器的操縱。
3.3
急停裝置 emergency stop device
位于機(jī)器上用于啟動緊急停止功能的手動啟動裝置。
3.4
急停功能 emergency stop function
此功能是:
——避免潛在的,或降低現(xiàn)存的對人員的危害,對機(jī)器或正在進(jìn)行的工作的損壞;
——由單獨(dú)動作啟動。
注1:引起危險的原因:
——功能異常(例如:機(jī)械故障,不接受材料加工的屬性,人為失誤);
——常規(guī)操作。
注2:規(guī)定源自ISO 13850:2006 中3.1的定義。
3.5
危險區(qū)域 hazard zone
機(jī)器制造商和機(jī)器使用所定義的由于機(jī)器的運(yùn)動和機(jī)器的應(yīng)用可能存在潛在性傷害的區(qū)域。
3.6
接收裝置 receiving unit
位于機(jī)器上以接收從遙控箱發(fā)射的信號并處理這些信號成為機(jī)器操縱命令的裝置。
注:它由下列元件組成:
——從遙控箱接受信號的接收元件;
——確認(rèn)信號用的監(jiān)測元件;
——驅(qū)動機(jī)器的操縱裝置的輸出交會元件。
接收裝置還可以包含回送確認(rèn)信號的措施。
3.7
遙控 remote control
司機(jī)遙控 remote operator control
從一個不在機(jī)器上的遙控箱通過無線或有線,將信號傳輸?shù)揭粋€位于機(jī)器上的接收裝置來控制機(jī)器。
3.8
遙控箱 remote control box
從不在機(jī)器上的位置,用傳輸信號驅(qū)動所有需要操縱功能的裝置。
注:信號在遙控箱和接收裝置間傳輸。
3.9
遙控裝置 remote control system
由一個遙控箱和一個接收裝置組成的用于給一臺受遙控的機(jī)器傳輸操作信息或控制的裝置。
3.10
遙控操縱 remote-controlled operation
由一名遠(yuǎn)離機(jī)器的司機(jī)對機(jī)器的操縱。
3.11
遙控停機(jī) remote stop
由遠(yuǎn)程控制單元和/或“便攜式”(如手持)設(shè)備以停止所有控制機(jī)器的危險運(yùn)動。
4 司機(jī)遙控裝置的要求
4.1 一般要求
4.1.1 設(shè)計
遙控裝置、安全相關(guān)的機(jī)器控制系統(tǒng)使用電子元件的設(shè)計應(yīng)遵循ISO 15998規(guī)定的原則。
遙控裝置的設(shè)計在出現(xiàn)下列任何條件時,基于動力源的各種工作方式應(yīng)停止:
a) 當(dāng)沒觸發(fā)操縱裝置時;
b) 當(dāng)遙控裝置的電源中斷時;
c) 當(dāng)遙控箱與接收裝置之間的通訊中斷時;
d) 機(jī)器喪失動力中斷了遙控裝置任何部分;
e) 任何遙控裝置操作連鎖和或功能的不到位。
重新供電或建立遙控箱和接收裝置之間的信號不得產(chǎn)生意外的危險機(jī)器運(yùn)動。只有在司機(jī)有意復(fù)位機(jī)器操作后,才能恢復(fù)遙控。
當(dāng)機(jī)器的危險區(qū)域?qū)τ谶b控操作者不可見時,應(yīng)該配有操作者在發(fā)動機(jī)或機(jī)器啟動前提供警告的裝置。暴露于危險區(qū)域的人員應(yīng)有時間離開或有防止發(fā)動機(jī)或機(jī)器啟動的措施。
4.1.2 無線操縱
遙控裝置應(yīng)有(指示燈,信號燈,聲音警報器等)用于司機(jī)遙控操縱時識別相應(yīng)的機(jī)器。可以使用4.10規(guī)定的報警裝置。
4.1.3 有線操縱
為了使司機(jī)能在危險區(qū)域以外進(jìn)行操縱﹐控制電纜應(yīng)有足夠長度和柔韌性。關(guān)于拉力方面,極度拉伸電纜也不能造成損壞,控制電纜或連接的任何故障應(yīng)使機(jī)器運(yùn)動停止。
4.2 信號的完整性
信號傳輸系統(tǒng)應(yīng)具有一個錯誤監(jiān)測和/或錯誤糾正系統(tǒng)以防止機(jī)器的控制裝置被電磁輻射的脈沖電平造成的假信號、短時信號喪失等所觸發(fā)。數(shù)據(jù)通訊協(xié)議應(yīng)保證通信鏈和被傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)的完好。如無法核實信號完整,在建立新的完整信號且司機(jī)執(zhí)行了有意復(fù)位之前,遠(yuǎn)程控制應(yīng)及時停止。
4.3 無線操作范圍
遠(yuǎn)程控制的操作范圍應(yīng)使司機(jī)遠(yuǎn)離危險區(qū)域,這一范圍應(yīng)在司機(jī)手冊中說明。
4.4 遙控箱
4.4.1 設(shè)計
除停機(jī)外,一臺機(jī)器的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)每次只能被一個遙控箱遙控。
遙控箱的設(shè)計應(yīng)符合人類工效學(xué),減少對司機(jī)活動自由度的限制。
遙控箱開啟應(yīng)由一個光學(xué)裝置顯示,例如LED或儀表燈。
4.4.2 司機(jī)操縱裝置
4.4.2.1 常規(guī)
連續(xù)工作控制(如附屬裝置)和浮動控制可以保持在一個止動位置,遙控箱上的其他操縱裝置應(yīng)在司機(jī)松開它們時返回到中位,或者需要另一種持續(xù)的司機(jī)輸入控制(如:保持運(yùn)行)。
當(dāng)操縱裝置在中位或止動狀態(tài)下,機(jī)器活動的結(jié)果應(yīng)與遙控一致,如果存在,該指令應(yīng)在司機(jī)手冊中被認(rèn)可使用連續(xù)運(yùn)動控制說明。
4.4.2.2 標(biāo)記
遙控箱上的操縱裝置應(yīng)清楚標(biāo)記機(jī)器及其工作裝置/附屬裝置(機(jī)具)運(yùn)動的方向定位和方向,并與機(jī)器上操縱裝置標(biāo)記一致(若機(jī)器也按此配備)(見ISO 6405-1和ISO 6405-2)。
4.4.2.3 防止意外觸動的保護(hù)
遙控箱上的操縱裝置應(yīng)設(shè)置有防意外觸動的防護(hù)措施,消除或防止意外觸動。在遙控箱從司機(jī)手中跌落或司機(jī)拿著遙控箱摔倒的情況下,應(yīng)提供防止觸動的措施。
4.4.2.4 防止非法觸動的保護(hù)
為防止非法觸動,應(yīng)在遙控箱上有所措施。
示例:鑰匙開關(guān)或使用密碼。
遙控操作非授權(quán)不可用。
4.4.2.5 機(jī)器保持功能
遙控箱上應(yīng)提供一個保持機(jī)器靜止的方法。
示例:激活停車制動或司機(jī)手冊中規(guī)定的其他方法。
4.4.2.6 滅火系統(tǒng)
對于被控制的機(jī)器配有的滅火系統(tǒng),應(yīng)能自動激活或遠(yuǎn)程激活。
4.5 停機(jī)
4.5.1 通則
遙控箱和機(jī)器上應(yīng)有一個停機(jī)操縱裝置。
在所有以前操作或觸動過的停機(jī)操縱裝置都復(fù)位以前,不可恢復(fù)機(jī)器操作,停止控制應(yīng)運(yùn)用故障安全設(shè)計。
4.5.2 遙控停機(jī)
遙控停機(jī)裝置應(yīng)在遙控箱上,停機(jī)遙控通常應(yīng)通過按鈕裝置或易于啟動的替代裝置來實現(xiàn)。裝置或標(biāo)志應(yīng)為紅色。
附加的遙控停機(jī)裝置,比如只能控制停止功能的“便攜式”手持單元也可使用,只要它們滿足上面控制箱遙控停機(jī)裝置定義的相同要求。
4.5.3 急停
如果風(fēng)險評估提供了明確的證據(jù),即位于機(jī)器上的急停裝置的操作是可能的,沒有額外的風(fēng)險,至少應(yīng)在機(jī)器上配有一個符合ISO 13850規(guī)定的人站在地面上可以操作的急停裝置。
4.6 控制選擇
4.6.1 直接操縱
如果機(jī)器可以被直接操縱,應(yīng)配備符合4.6.2~4.6.6要求的控制選擇開關(guān)。
4.6.2 非指令機(jī)器運(yùn)作
操作控制選擇開關(guān)不能引起非指令機(jī)器運(yùn)作。
4.6.3 機(jī)器上的超越控制
機(jī)器上應(yīng)具備司機(jī)可以關(guān)閉遙控的功能,如果激活了超越控制,遙控功能應(yīng)進(jìn)行重置后才能再啟動。
4.6.4 控制選擇開關(guān)
控制選擇開關(guān)應(yīng)設(shè)置在機(jī)器上司機(jī)直視并直接控制的范圍內(nèi)。否則,應(yīng)當(dāng)在司機(jī)可直接控制的區(qū)域內(nèi),給司機(jī)提供有效的指示。
4.6.5 開關(guān)的鎖定
控制選擇開關(guān)應(yīng)具備鎖定功能,或其他方式代替(如:防護(hù)),防止司機(jī)直接控制機(jī)器時,控制選擇開關(guān)被無意識地切換到遙控模式。
4.6.6 非授權(quán)操縱
應(yīng)為控制選擇開關(guān)提供防止非授權(quán)操縱的措施。這些措施可以是鑰匙開關(guān)、可鎖開關(guān),使用密碼、可鎖的駕駛室/車廂或其他類似方式。
4.6.7 遠(yuǎn)程驅(qū)動
當(dāng)控制選擇開關(guān)切換到遙控操作時,所有由遙控控制的機(jī)器動作應(yīng)只能由遙控箱控制。
4.7 電磁兼容性
遙控裝置的電磁兼容性應(yīng)符合ISO 13766的規(guī)定。
4.8 碰撞、沖擊和振動
遙控箱和接收裝置應(yīng)設(shè)計成在合理的、可預(yù)見的操作沖擊和振動下,不導(dǎo)致機(jī)器意外運(yùn)動。
a) 遙控箱應(yīng)通過下列試驗:
——按照IEC 60068-2-31的自由跌落;
——按照ISO 15998:2008的沖擊測試。
b) 接收裝置應(yīng)通過下列試驗:
——按照ISO 15998:2008的振動試驗;
——按照ISO 15998:2008的沖擊試驗。
4.9 環(huán)境防護(hù)
4.9.1 遙控箱
遙控箱的防護(hù)等級應(yīng)至少為IP65級(見IEC 60529)。
4.9.2 接收裝置
防護(hù)等級應(yīng)按接收裝置的安裝位置確定。如果接收裝置位于司機(jī)室內(nèi)或類似的位置,按照IEC 60529的規(guī)定,應(yīng)滿足IP54級;在其他所有位置,應(yīng)至少為IP65級。
4.10 報警裝置
4.10.1 可視裝置
當(dāng)遙控模式啟動時,應(yīng)有一個警示燈或閃光燈以獨(dú)有色彩顯示。警示燈應(yīng)位于機(jī)器上,且人員從任何方向接近機(jī)器時容易看到的位置。該機(jī)器可配備組合不同顏色的警示燈或閃光燈顯示各種狀態(tài)、條件或操作模式。
示例:綠色為開啟狀態(tài),黃色/琥珀色為操作,紅色為故障。
如果使用一個以上的警示燈或閃光燈,應(yīng)在司機(jī)手冊中描述其功能。
4.10.2 聲響裝置
當(dāng)機(jī)器處于遙控狀態(tài)時,遙控箱應(yīng)可以控制機(jī)器的聲響報警裝置(如喇叭)。
4.11 行走
4.11.1 無線操縱
如果司機(jī)需要伴隨機(jī)器行走,無線操縱的機(jī)器行走速度不應(yīng)超過10 km/h。如果司機(jī)不需要伴隨行走,則可以視現(xiàn)場情況容許機(jī)器以更快的速度行走。同時其他人員和司機(jī)禁止進(jìn)入危險區(qū)域。
4.11.2 有線操縱
當(dāng)司機(jī)需要伴隨機(jī)器行走,機(jī)器的最大行走速度不應(yīng)超過6 km/h。
4.12 系統(tǒng)信息
下列數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)永久性地固定在遙控裝置上:
a) 制造商;
b) 系統(tǒng)標(biāo)識;
c) 制造年份;
d) 序列號。
系統(tǒng)標(biāo)識信息在機(jī)器上應(yīng)清楚地指示遙控箱和接收裝置之間的關(guān)系。該標(biāo)識在遙控箱和接收器或機(jī)器的易讀位置上標(biāo)識出來。
4.13 機(jī)器安全標(biāo)簽
機(jī)器的安全標(biāo)簽應(yīng)符合ISO 9244的規(guī)定,指示機(jī)器可以用遙控操縱。安全標(biāo)簽應(yīng)清晰的表明人應(yīng)在危險區(qū)域外。參見附錄A的示例。
5 前進(jìn)方向的標(biāo)記
對于360°回轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)器,如挖掘機(jī),應(yīng)在機(jī)器底盤上的兩側(cè)標(biāo)記出前進(jìn)方向,以告知遙控操作者行走方向。除非機(jī)器有其他顯著特征(如推土鏟)指示前進(jìn)方向。
對于前進(jìn)方向不明確(如對稱設(shè)計的機(jī)器)的機(jī)器,機(jī)器的兩側(cè)和機(jī)器的前后方向上都要標(biāo)明前進(jìn)方向。在機(jī)器正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)期間,盡可能使標(biāo)記不被臟東西、泥土等污損。
對于具有自動前進(jìn)方向選擇功能的機(jī)器,應(yīng)在遙控器上標(biāo)示出機(jī)器具有該功能。
6 說明書
關(guān)于無線遙控機(jī)器的司機(jī)手冊應(yīng)規(guī)定司機(jī)能夠控制機(jī)器的最大極限距離。在使用時,出現(xiàn)一個對遠(yuǎn)程操縱者有危險的機(jī)器,在司機(jī)手冊中應(yīng)規(guī)定一個適當(dāng)?shù)木疽员3衷谶h(yuǎn)程操作期間機(jī)器的安全距離。遙控操作的其他信息應(yīng)包括:如保持視線,在坡面上工作,載荷運(yùn)輸,在極端條件/環(huán)境中的使用,開機(jī)和關(guān)機(jī)步驟和保養(yǎng)控制箱的安全做法等。
司機(jī)手冊應(yīng)指示操作員定期測試報警裝置的功能。
附錄A
(資料性附錄)
遙控機(jī)器安全標(biāo)簽示例
機(jī)器的安全標(biāo)簽,可以用來表明該機(jī)可以遙控操縱。
注:圖A.1所示的在機(jī)器的安全標(biāo)簽頂部面板顯示的警告標(biāo)志是符合ISO 7010:2011的規(guī)定的,在這里只是作為一個示例。
圖A.1 機(jī)器安全標(biāo)簽
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] GB/T 16855.1—2008機(jī)械安全 控制系統(tǒng)有關(guān)安全部件 第1部分:設(shè)計通則(ISO 13849-1:2006.1DT)
[2] ISO 7010 圖形符號 安全色和安全標(biāo)志 已注冊安全標(biāo)志(Graphical symbols—Safety colours and safety signs—Registered safety signs)