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This guideline was revised by the drafting group according to the requirements of Notice on printing and distributing the development and revision plan on the third batch of professional standards in 2015 (GONGXINTINGKE [2015] No.115) issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, through extensive investigation, careful summarization of practical experiences, reference to relevant domestic and foreign advanced standards and extensive solicitation of opinions.
This guideline consists of 7 clauses and 5 annexes.
The main technical contents of this revision are as follows:
——The application scope of this guideline is modified;
——The content of anti-static part is modified;
——The requirements for safe velocity of oxygen, hydrogen, acetylene and other media are added;
——The requirements for prevention of water hammer damage are added;
——The safety factor for pressure drop of two-phase flow pipeline is modified.
China Petrochemical Corporation (SINOPEC) is in charge of the administration of this guideline, Process System Design Technology Center Station of China Petrochemical Corporation is responsible for the routine management, and SINOPEC Engineering Incorporation is responsible for the explanation of the specific technical contents. In case of any opinion or suggestion in the process of implementing this guideline, please send it to the routine management organization and the chief development organization.
This guideline was issued in 1991 and revised for the first time in 2007. This is the second revision.
Guideline for pipeline sizing in petrochemical industry
1 Scope
This guideline gives the method for pipeline sizing in petrochemical industry.
This guideline is applicable to pipeline sizing in petrochemical industry, and is not applicable to pipeline sizing of non-newtonian fluid, pneumatic and hydraulic transmission pipelines.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this guideline. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 16912 Safety technical regulation for oxygen and relative gases produced with cryogenic method
GB 50031 Norm of acetylene plant design
GB 50177 Design code for hydrogen station
SH/T 3108 Specifications for design of interconnecting process and thermal piping in petrochemical industry
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this guideline, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
newtonian fluid
fluid whose ratio of shear stress to shear rate is constant and equal to its dynamic viscosity in the flow process
3.2
non-newtonian fluid
fluid whose ratio of shear stress to shear rate is not constant in the flow process
3.3
compressible fluid
fluid whose density changes with pressure
?
3.4
incompressible fluid
fluid whose density does not change with pressure, or fluid whose density changes but changes very little
3.5
superficial velocity
velocity calculated assuming that only one phase of the substance flows in the pipe in a gas-liquid two-phase flow
3.6
homogeneous velocity
velocity calculated assuming that the gas phase and the liquid phase in the gas-liquid two-phase flow have the same velocity and can be regarded as a homogeneous mixture
3.7
homogeneous density
density calculated assuming that the gas phase and the liquid phase in the gas-liquid two-phase flow have the same velocity and can be regarded as a homogeneous mixture
3.8
homogeneous specific volume
specific volume calculated assuming that the gas phase and the liquid phase in the gas-liquid two-phase flow have the same velocity and can be regarded as a homogeneous mixture
3.9
homogeneous viscosity
dynamic viscosity calculated assuming that the gas phase and the liquid phase in the gas-liquid two-phase flow have the same velocity and can be regarded as a homogeneous mixture
3.10
void fraction
ratio of the flow section area of the gas-phase substance to the cross-sectional area of the entire pipeline in a gas-liquid two-phase flow
4 Main symbols
C——the sound velocity
di——the inner diameter of pipe
G——the mass velocity of fluid
Gc——the ultimate mass velocity of two-phase flow at the outlet end of the pipeline
Gg——the superficial mass velocity of the gas phase in a two-phase flow
Gl——the superficial mass velocity of the liquid phase in a two-phase flow
g——the gravitational acceleration
L——the length of a straight pipe
La——the calculated length of a pipeline
Le——the equivalent length of pipe fittings
M——the relative molecular mass of gas
Ma——the Mach number
△P——the pressure drop of a pipeline
△Pa——the acceleration pressure drop of two-phase flow
△Pc——the pressure drop of regulating valve
△Pe——the pressure drop of equipment
△Pf——the frictional pressure drop of a pipeline
△Ph——the gravity pressure drop of two-phase flow in a vertical or inclined upward pipeline
qm——the mass flow rate of fluid
qmg——the mass flow rate of the gas phase in a two-phase flow
qml——the mass flow rate of the liquid phase in a two-phase flow
qv——the volume flow rate of fluid
qvg——the volume flow rate of the gas phase in a two-phase flow
qvl——the volume flow rate of the liquid phase in a two-phase flow
Re——the Reynolds number
Reg——the single-phase Reynolds number of the gas phase in a two-phase flow
ReH——the homogeneous Reynolds number of a two-phase flow
Rel——the single-phase Reynolds number of the liquid phase in a two-phase flow
T——the absolute temperature
u——the velocity of fluid
ugs——the superficial velocity of the gas phase in a two-phase flow
uH——the homogeneous velocity of a two-phase flow
uls——the superficial velocity of the liquid phase in a two-phase flow
W——the work input required to deliver per kilogram of fluid
Z——the height
α——the void fraction
αN——the void fraction used in calculation of acceleration pressure drop
β——the volume void fraction of two-phase flow
γ——the adiabatic exponent of gas (Gp/Gv)
v——the kinematic viscosity of fluid
υ——the specific volume of fluid
υg——the specific volume of the gas phase in a two-phase flow
υH——the homogeneous specific volume of a two-phase flow
υl——the specific volume of the liquid phase in a two-phase flow
μ——the dynamic viscosity of fluid
μg——the dynamic viscosity of the gas phase in a two-phase flow
μH——the homogeneous viscosity of a two-phase flow
μl——the dynamic viscosity of the liquid phase in a two-phase flow
ρ——the density of fluid
ρe——the true density of a two-phase flow
ρg——the density of the gas phase in a two-phase flow
ρH——the homogeneous density of a two-phase flow
ρ1——the density of the liquid phase in a two-phase flow
λ——the resistance coefficient of the straight pipe
ε——the absolute roughness of pipe wall
χ——the mass void fraction of a two-phase flow
5 Basic requirements
5.1 The pipeline sizing should be carried out through two stages: preliminary sizing and final determination.
5.2 Pipeline sizing shall meet the following requirements:
a) Process production conditions (such as flow rate, level difference, pressure difference);
b) Safe delivery of media;
c) Noise control;
d) Limitation of pipe wall wear;
e) The expected comprehensive effect of construction investment and operating costs;
f) Standard specifications of pipes.
5.3 The volume flow rate or mass flow rate of the fluid shall be determined according to the maximum flow rate under normal production conditions, and the flow rate of the discharge pipeline shall be determined according to the maximum discharge volume designed for the process system.
5.4 Refer to Annex A for the velocity range of common media in pipelines.
Foreword II
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Main symbols
5 Basic requirements
6 Single phase flow pipeline
6.1 Preliminary sizing for incompressible fluid pipeline
6.2 Determination of diameter of incompressible fluid pipeline
6.3 Determination of diameter of incompressible fluid pipeline
7 Gas-liquid two-phase flow pipeline
7.1 Requirements for pipeline sizing
7.2 Calculation of pressure drop of non-flash two-phase flow pipeline
7.3 Calculation of pressure drop for flash type two-phase flow pipeline
Annex A (Informative) Velocity range of common media in pipelines
Annex B (Informative) Flow rate and frictional pressure drop of water pipelines
Annex C (Informative) Flow rate and frictional pressure drop of oil pipelines
Annex D (Informative) Mass flow rate and frictional pressure drop of saturated steam pipelines
Annex E (Informative) Flow rate and frictional pressure drop of compressed air pipelines
Explanation of wording in this guideline
