標準編號:	GB 15742-2019
中文名稱:	機動車用喇叭的性能要求及試驗方法
英文名稱:	Performance requirements and test methods of horn for motor vehicles
中標分類:	T36    電子、電氣設備
行業(yè)分類:	GB    國家標準
ICS分類:	43.040.10 43.040.10    電氣和電子設備 43.040.10
發(fā)布機構(gòu):	國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局 國家標準化管理委員會
發(fā)布日期:	2019-04-04
實施日期:	2020-1-1
標準狀態(tài):	valid
替代舊標準:	GB 15742-2001 機動車用喇叭的性能要求及試驗方法
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數(shù):	6000 字
翻譯價格(元):	240.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. All technical contents of this standard, except those specified in 3.1.2.4, are compulsory. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB 15742-2001 Performance requirements and test methods of horn for motor vehicles. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB 15742-2001 (the previous edition): ——Mopeds of types L1 and L2 are added into the “Scope” as applicable models (see Clause 1); ——To facilitate standard using, the IEC 651 and IEC 225 in the “Normative references” are changed to GB/T 3785.1 and GB/T 3241 respectively (see Clause 2 and Clause 2 of Edition 2001); ——The sound pressure level (SPL) limit of mopeds is added (see 3.1.2); ——The original requirements on frequency spectrum and sound pressure level specified in 3.1.2.3 are modified according to China‘s national conditions (see 3.1.2.3 and 3.1.2.3 of Edition 2001); ——The test method for durability is modified, with the requirement “the horn is allowed to be adjusted once in the test” being changed to “the horn is not allowed to be adjusted in the test” (see 3.2.7.2 and 3.2.7.2 of Edition 2001); ——For vehicles of types M and N as well as motorcycles with a power of greater than 7 kW, the lowest sound pressure level of complete vehicle is modified from 93 dB (A) to 87 dB (A) [see 4.1.2 c) and 4.1.2 b) of Edition 2001]; ——Textual formulation in Annex A is modified. This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. This standard was issued in November 1995 as first edition, and then revised in January 2001 for the first time and this is the second revision. Performance requirements and test methods of horn for motor vehicles 1 Scope This standard specifies the performance requirements and test methods of electric horns and air horns for motor vehicles as well as the loading performance requirements and test methods of horns. This standard is applicable to motor vehicles of types M, N and L. Note: Motor vehicles of type L include mopeds of types L1 and L2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 3241 Electroacoustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters GB/T 3785.1 Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - Part 1: Specifications 3 Performance requirements and test methods 3.1 Performance requirements 3.1.1 General requirements The horn shall emit a continuous and uniform sound. For pneumatic and electro-pneumatic horns, the time taken, from the moment the horn is pushed to the moment the sound pressure level reaches the value specified in 3.1.2, shall not exceed 0.2 s. 3.1.2 Sound pressure level 3.1.2.1 Under the conditions specified in 3.2.3.1, the A-weighted sound pressure level at 2 m from the horn shall meet the following requirements: a) For mopeds, it shall be no less than 90 dB(A) and no greater than 115 dB(A); b) For horns of motorcycles with a power no greater than 7 kW, it shall be no less than 95 dB(A) and no greater than 115 dB(A); c) For horns of vehicles of types M and N as well as motorcycles with a power of greater than 7 kW, it shall be no less than 105 dB(A) and no greater than 118 dB(A). 3.1.2.2 Under the conditions specified in 3.2.3.2, the A-weighted sound pressure level of pneumatic and electro-pneumatic horns at 2 m from the horn shall not exceed 125 dB(A). 3.1.2.3 The total sound pressure level within the frequency band from 1,800 Hz to 3,550 Hz shall be greater than the sound pressure level of each component with a frequency exceeding 3,550 Hz. 3.1.2.4 Horns used on vehicles of types M and N as well as motorcycles with a power of greater than 7 kW can be used on motorcycles with a power of no greater than 7 kW. Horns used on motorcycles with a power no greater than 7 kW can be used on mopeds. 3.1.2.5 If multi-tone horn is used and each of the acoustic transmit units may work alone, then the provisions specified in 3.1.2.2, 3.1.2.3 and 3.1.2.4 shall be met when each of the units works alone; and in case all units work simultaneously, the total sound pressure level shall not exceed the maximum value specified in 3.1.2.1. 3.1.3 Durability 3.1.3.1 Horns used on mopeds and motorcycles with a power of no greater than 7 kW shall be capable of being used for 10,000 times. 3.1.3.2 Horns used on vehicles of types M and N as well as motorcycles with a power of greater than 7 kW shall be capable of being used for 50,000 times. 3.1.3.3 After the durability test, the horn shall meet the requirements of 3.1.1, 3.1.2.2 and 3.1.2.3, and its sound pressure level is allowed to be 5 dB(A) lower than that of the horn before the test. 3.2 Test methods 3.2.1 Test environment 3.2.1.1 The test shall be performed in an anechoic room, and it may also be performed in a hemi-anechoic room or on an open field (see Annex A). In case of performing the test on an open field, the background noise and wind noise shall be at least 10 dB(A) lower than the sound pressure level of the horn being tested. The test shall be performed in good weather. Unless otherwise specified, the ambient temperature shall be 23 °C ± 5 °C during the test. 3.2.1.2 During the test, no one shall linger near the horn and microphone except the instrument personnel. During instrument observation, pointer swing irrelevant to the measured sound pressure level shall be ignored. 3.2.2 Test instrument 3.2.2.1 Sound pressure level measurement shall be performed with a sound level meter (extra fine grade) that meets the requirements of GB/T 3785.1. During measurement, the fast time constant “F” shall be used. And in case of measuring the total sound pressure level, the “A” measuring gear shall be used, with a reference sound pressure of 20 μ Pa. 3.2.2.2 Frequency spectrum of sound shall be obtained via Fourier transforming of the sound signal. 1/3 octave-band filter is allowed to be used in accordance with those specified in GB/T 3241. Sound pressure level at the center frequency of 2,500 Hz shall be calculated through the mean square value of the sound pressure at 1/3 center frequency of 2,000 Hz, 2,500 Hz and 3,150 Hz, generally, only the Fourier transformation is used. 3.2.2.3 The electrical measuring instrument shall be with an accuracy of Grade 0.5. 3.2.3 Test conditions 3.2.3.1 Test conditions for the electric horns are: a) In case the nominal voltages are 6 V, 12 V and 24 V, the test voltage shall be measured from the output end of the power supply, taking them as 6.5 V ± 0.1 V, 13 V ± 0.1 V and 26 V ± 0.2 V respectively; b) If rectifier power is adopted for the test, the voltage AC component measured from the power supply terminal shall not exceed 0.1 V (peak/peak value) when the horn is operating; c) The wiring resistance (including the connector and contact resistance) is: Nominal voltage 6 V: resistance ≤ 0.05 Ω; Nominal voltage 12 V: resistance ≤ 0.10 Ω; Nominal voltage 24 V: resistance ≤ 0.20 Ω. 3.2.3.2 Pneumatic and electro-pneumatic horns shall be tested under the pressure or voltage specified by the manufacturer. 3.2.4 Horn installation during the test 3.2.4.1 The horn shall be tightly installed on the metal base frame according to the installation method specified by the manufacturer. The mass of the base frame shall be at least 10 times that of the horn and not less than 30 kg. 3.2.4.2 The horn shall be at the same height as the microphone, preferably, with a height of 1.15 m~1.25 m. The centerline of the microphone's maximum sensitivity shall coincide with the direction of the highest sound pressure level of the horn. 3.2.4.3 The distance between the microphone diaphragm and the horn sound exit plane shall be 2 m ± 0.01 m. If the horn has multiple sound outlets, the sound exit plane closest to the microphone shall be used. 3.2.5 General test requirements Under the conditions specified in 3.2.1~3.2.4, subject the horn to phonate continuously for no more than 30 s, then check the continuous sound performance of the horn and the starting performance of the pneumatic and electro-pneumatic horns, they shall meet those specified in 3.1.1. 3.2.6 Sound pressure level test Under the conditions specified in 3.2.1 to 3.2.4, the sound pressure level of the horn shall be checked in accordance with those specified in 3.1.2. 3.2.7 Durability test 3.2.7.1 Test conditions The horn shall be tested under the following conditions: a) The ambient temperature shall be 15 ° C ~ 30 ° C during the test; b) If the test is carried out in an anechoic room or a hemi-anechoic room, it shall be ensured that the heat of the horn generated during the test can be dissipated normally in the anechoic room or the hemi-anechoic room; c) The horn shall be cooled with an air flow of approximately 10 m/s during the test. 3.2.7.2 Test method The durability test of the horn shall be performed in a cycle of honking for 1 s and then pausing for 4 s, and during the test, the horn is not allowed to be adjusted. 4 Loading performance requirements and test methods 4.1 Performance requirements 4.1.1 Horns mounted on motor vehicles shall meet the requirements specified in “Clause 3 Performance requirements and test methods”. 4.1.2 The horn shall be mounted in the front of the motor vehicle and its sound pressure level shall meet the following requirements: a) For mopeds, it shall be no less than 75 dB(A) and no greater than 112 dB(A); b) For motorcycles with a power of no greater than 7 kW, it shall be no less than 83 dB(A) and no greater than 112 dB(A); c) For vehicles of types M and N as well as motorcycles with a power of greater than 7 kW, it shall be no less than 87 dB(A) and no greater than 112 dB(A). 4.2 Test method 4.2.1 Test environment and test instrument The test environment and test instrument shall comply with the relevant requirements of 3.2. 4.2.2 Instrument installation The microphone of the measuring instrument shall be placed close to the longitudinal central plane of the vehicle, and the impact of the following factors on the measurement results shall be taken into consideration: a) components used to fix the horn to a vehicle; b) position of the horn on the motor vehicle; c) rigidity of the horn mounting bracket; d) shape and material of the front structure of the vehicle that may affect the sound pressure level of the horn and used for shielding. 4.2.3 Measurement conditions of sound pressure level The following conditions shall be met in terms of sound pressure level measurement: a) The sound pressure level shall be measured at a position 7 m away from the vehicle front; b) The maximum sound pressure level shall be measured at a position 0.5 m~1.5 m from the ground; c) The vehicle shall be parked on a flat surface wherever possible in case of measurement; d) For horns driven by DC power, the engine shall be turned off during the test.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Performance requirements and test methods 4 Loading performance requirements and test methods Annex A (Normative) Requirements for hemi-anechoic rooms and open fields

ICS 43.040.10 T 36 中華人民共和國國家標準 GB 15742—2019 代替GB 15742—2001 機動車用喇叭的性能要求及試驗方法 Performance requirements and test methods of horn for motor vehicles 2019—04—04發(fā)布 2020—01—01實施 國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局 中國國家標準化管理委員會 發(fā)布 前言 本標準除3.1.2.4外的全部技術內(nèi)容為強制性。 本標準按照GB/T 1.1—2009給出的規(guī)則起草。 本標準代替GB 15742—2001《機動車用喇叭的性能要求及試驗方法》。本標準與GB 15742—2001相比，主要技術變化如下： ——范圍中適用車型增加了L1和L2類輕便摩托車(見第1章)； ——規(guī)范性引用文件中IEC 651改為GB/T 3785.1、IEC 225改為GB/T 3241，便于標準的使用(見第2章，2001年版的第2章)； ——增加了輕便摩托車的聲壓級限值(見3.1.2)； ——結(jié)合國情，對原3.1.2.3頻譜和聲壓級的規(guī)定進行了調(diào)整(見3.1.2.3，2001年版的3.1.2.3)； ——更改了耐久性試驗方法，將在試驗中允許對喇叭調(diào)整一次改為試驗中不準許對喇叭進行調(diào)整(見3.2.7，2001年版的3.2.7.2)； ——對M、N類汽車和功率大于7 kW的摩托車，整車聲壓級最低直由93 dB(A)調(diào)整為87 dB(A)[見4.1.2 c)，2001年版的4.1.2 b)]； ——修改了附錄A的文字表述。 本標準由中華人民共和國工業(yè)和信息化部提出并歸口。 本標準于1995年11月首次發(fā)布，2001年1月第一次修訂，本次為第二次修訂。 機動車用喇叭的性能要求及試驗方法 1 范圍 本標準規(guī)定了機動車用電喇叭和氣喇叭的性能要求、試驗方法及喇叭的裝車性能要求、試驗方法。 本標準適用于M、N、L類機動車。 注：L類機動車包括L1和L2類輕便摩托車。 2規(guī)范性引用文件 下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB/T 3241 電聲學 倍頻程和分數(shù)倍頻程濾波器 GB/T 3785.1 電聲學 聲級計 第1部分：規(guī)范 3性能要求及試驗方法 3.1性能要求 3.1.1 一般要求 喇叭應發(fā)出連續(xù)而均勻的聲響。對于氣動和電-氣動喇叭，從喇叭剛被推動的瞬間至聲壓級達到3.1.2所規(guī)定的聲壓級的時間不應超過0.2 s。 3.1.2聲壓級 3.1.2.1 在3.2.3.1所規(guī)定的條件下，距離喇叭2 m處的A計權聲壓級應滿足： a) 輕便摩托車應不小于90 dB(A)，且不大于115 dB(A)； b)功率不大于7 kW的摩托車用喇叭應不小于95 dB(A)，且不大于115 dB(A)； c)M、N類汽車和功率大于7 kW的摩托車用喇叭應不小于105 dB(A)，且不大于118 dB(A)。 3.1.2.2在3.2.3.2所規(guī)定的條件下，氣動的和電-氣動喇叭在距離喇叭2 m處的A計權聲壓級不應超過125 dB(A)。 3.1.2.3在頻率為1 800 Hz～3 550 Hz頻帶內(nèi)的總聲壓級應大于頻率超過3 550 Hz的每一分量的聲壓級。 3.1.2.4對用于M、N類汽車和功率大于7 kW的摩托車的喇叭可以用于功率不大于7 kW的摩托車上，對用于功率不大于7 kW的摩托車的喇叭可以用于輕便摩托車上。 3.1.2.5在采用多音喇叭時，若其中各聲響發(fā)射單元能單獨起作用，則每一單元單獨工作時，應能符合3.1.2.2、3.1.2.3和3.1.2.4的規(guī)定，全部單元同時工作時，其總聲壓級不應超過3.1.2.1規(guī)定的最高值。 3.1.3耐久性 3.1.3.1 輕便摩托車和功率不大于7 kW的摩托車用喇叭為10 000次。 3.1.3.2 M、N類汽車和功率大于7 kW的摩托車用喇叭為50 000次。 3.1.3.3耐久性試驗后喇叭應符合3.1.1、3.1.2.2和3.1.2.3的規(guī)定，允許聲壓級比試驗前下降5 dB(A)。 3.2試驗方法 3.2.1 試驗環(huán)境 3.2.1.1 喇叭的試驗在消聲室內(nèi)進行，也允許在半消聲室或開闊場地上(見附錄A)進行。在開闊場地上試驗時，背景噪聲和風噪聲應比被測量喇叭的聲壓級至少低10 dB(A)，試驗應在天氣良好時進行。除有特殊規(guī)定外，試驗時環(huán)境溫度應為23℃±5℃。 3.2.1.2試驗時，除觀察儀表人員外，其他人員不應在喇叭和傳聲器附近停留。觀察儀表時，與被測聲壓級無關的指針擺動應忽略不計。 3.2.2試驗儀器 3.2.2.1 聲壓級的測量應采用符合GB/T 3785.1規(guī)定的一級精度的聲級計進行。測量時應采用快速時間常數(shù)“F”，總聲壓級的測量使用“A”計量擋，基準聲壓為20 μ Pa。 3.2.2.2聲音的頻潛用聲音信號的傅里葉變換來求得。允許按照GB/T 3241規(guī)定采用1/3倍頻程濾波器。對于中心頻率2 500 Hz時的聲壓級，應通過1/3中心頻率2 000 Hz、2 500 Hz和3 150 Hz的聲壓均方值來求取.通常只用傅里葉變換。 3.2.2.3電氣測量儀表的精度為0.5級。 3.2.3試驗條件 3.2.3.1 電喇叭試驗條件為： a)對6 V、12 V、24 V標稱電壓，試驗電壓由電源輸出端測得，分別取6.5 V±0.1 V、13 V±0.1 V、26 V±0.2 V； b)如果采用整流電源進行試驗，在喇叭工作時，從電源接線端上測得的電壓交流成分應不大于0.1 V(峰/峰值)； c) 包括接頭和接觸電阻在內(nèi)的接線電阻為： 標稱電壓6 V：電阻值≤0.05 Ω； 標稱電壓12 V：電阻值≤0.10 Ω； 標稱電壓24 V：電阻值≤0.20 Ω。 3.2.3.2氣動和電-氣動喇叭應在制造廠規(guī)定的氣壓或電壓條件下進行。 3.2.4試驗時喇叭的安裝 3.2.4.1 喇叭應按制造廠規(guī)定的安裝方式牢固地安裝在金屬基架上，基架的質(zhì)量至少應為喇叭的10倍，且不小于30 kg。 3.2.4.2喇叭應與傳聲器保持同一高度，且高度應在1.15 m～1.25 m之間。傳聲器最大靈敏度的中心線應與喇叭的最高聲壓級方向重合在一起。 3.2.4.3傳聲器膜片與喇叭聲音出口平面相距為2 m±0.01 m。當喇叭有多個聲出口時，以其中最靠近傳聲器的聲出口平面為準。 3.2.5一般要求試驗 在3.2.1～3.2.4規(guī)定的條件下，使喇叭連續(xù)發(fā)聲時間不超過30 s，檢查喇叭的連續(xù)發(fā)聲性能及氣動和電-氣動喇叭的起動性能應符合3.1.1的規(guī)定。 3.2.6聲壓級試驗 在3.2.1～3.2.4規(guī)定的條件下，檢查喇叭的聲壓級應符合3.1.2的規(guī)定。 3.2.7耐久性試驗 3.2.7.1試驗條件 喇叭試驗應在下列條件下進行： a)試驗時的環(huán)境溫度為15℃～30℃； b)試驗如在消聲室或半消聲室中進行，消聲室或半消聲室應確保喇叭在試驗期間熱量的正常消散； c) 試驗時應以約10 m/s的氣流冷卻喇叭。 3.2.7.2試驗方法 喇叭的耐久性試驗以鳴叫1 s，休息4 s的周期進行，試驗中不準許對喇叭進行調(diào)整。 4裝車性能要求及試驗方法 4.1 性能要求 4.1.1 安裝在機動車上的喇叭，應符合第3章喇叭的性能要求及試驗方法的規(guī)定。 4.1.2喇叭應裝于機動車輛的前部，其聲壓級應滿足： a) 對輕便摩托車，應不小于75 dB(A)，且不大于112 dB(A)； b)對功率不大于7 kW的摩托車，應不小于83 dB(A)，且不大于112 dB(A)； c) 對M、N類汽車和功率大于7 kW的摩托車，應不小于87 dB(A)，且不大于112 dB(A)。 4.2試驗方法 4.2.1 試驗環(huán)境及試驗儀器 試驗環(huán)境及試驗儀器應符合3.2的有關規(guī)定。 4.2.2儀器的安裝 測量儀器的傳聲器應放置在接近車輛中心的縱向平面的位置處，并應考慮下列因素對測量結(jié)果的影響： a)將喇叭安裝在車輛上的固定零件； b)喇叭在機動車輛上的位置； c)喇叭安裝支架的剛性； d)對喇叭聲壓級可能產(chǎn)生影響并具有屏蔽作用的車輛前部結(jié)構(gòu)的形狀與材料。 4.2.3聲壓級的測量條件 聲壓級的測量應滿足下列條件： a)聲壓級的測量應在車輛前方7 m處； b)應在離地面0.5 m～1.5 m范圍內(nèi)測得最大聲壓級； c)測量時，車輛停放在盡可能平坦的空地上； d)對直流推動喇叭，發(fā)動機應關掉。 附 錄 A (規(guī)范性附錄) 半消聲室及開闊場地的要求 A.1 半消聲室 半消聲室是地板為反射而的消聲室，以模擬半自由空間的房間。 A.2開闊場地 開闊場地可以是半徑為50 m的空地。用來進行測量的中心部分半徑不小于20 m，應是水平的，并由水泥、瀝青或類似材料覆蓋，沒有長草、松土或灰渣。 A.3 要求 半消聲室或開闊場地.都應保證在半徑大于5 m的半球內(nèi)，測量方向及喇叭和傳聲器的高度上，測量到的最大頻率聲響，相差不超過1 dB(A)。