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This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 7106-2008 Graduations and test methods of air permeability, watertightness wind load resistance performance for building external windows and doors and the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 7106-2008:
—— the definition of serious leakage is deleted (see Sub-clause 3.4.1 of Edition 2008);
the definition of simulating static pressure box method is added (see Sub-clause 3.8 hereof);
—— the grading of air permeability, watertightness and wind load resistance performance is deleted (see Clause 4 of Edition 2008);
——the schematic diagram of test device is adjusted (see Sub-clause 5.1; Sub-clause 5.1 of Edition 2008);
——the test sequence of grade test and engineering test is modified (see Sub-clauses 6.5.1 and 6.5.2 hereof; Sub-clause 6.4 of Edition 2008);
——the air permeability performance is tested by collective box, and the pressure sequence of the grade test of air permeability performance is adjusted (see Sub-clause 7.1.1 hereof; Sub-clause 7.1 in Edition 2008);
——the engineering test and judging method for air permeability performance is added (see Sub-clauses 7.1.2 and 7.4.2 hereof);
——the amount of water leached from engineering tests on watertightness performance is adjusted (see Sub-clause 8.3.2 hereof; Sub-clause 8.3 in Edition 2008);
——the judgment method for test results of watertightness performance is modified (see Sub-clause 8.5 hereof; Sub-clause 8.5 of Edition 2008);
——the wind load standard value test and wind load design value test for wind load resistance performance are added (see Sub-clauses 9.2.6 and 9.2.7 hereof);
——the clauses for repeated air permeability and watertightness performance tests are added (see Clauses 10 and 11 hereof);
——linear regression calculation method is added (see Annex C hereto).
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Pumps of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 448).
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
——GB/T 7106-1986, GB/T 7106-2002, GB/T 7106-2008;
——GB/T 7107-1986, GB/T 7107-2002;
——GB/T 7108-1986, GB/T 7108-2002;
——GB/T 13685-1992;
——GB/T 13686-1992.
Test methods of air permeability, watertightness, wind load resistance performance for building external windows and doors
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, test principle, test device and test preparation of air permeability, watertightness and wind load resistance performance of building external windows and doors, air permeability performance test, watertightness test, wind load resistance performance test, repeated air permeability performance test, repeated watertightness performance test and test reports.
This standard is applicable to the laboratory test of air permeability, watertightness and wind load resistance performance of building external windows and doors. The test objects are only restricted to windows and doors or windows and doors with attached frames, and do not involve the joint parts between the windows and doors and other structures such as building walls.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 5823 Terminology for building windows and doors
GB/T 31433 General specification for building curtain walls, windows and doors
GB 50009 Load code for the design of building structures
GB 50178 Standard of climatic regionalization for architecture
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 5823 and the following apply.
3.1
external windows and doors
the general term of external windows and doors of buildings
3.2
pressure difference
the difference between the absolute air pressures on the interior and external surfaces of the external windows and doors
Note: When the pressure on the outdoor surface is higher than that on the indoor surface, the pressure difference is positive; on the contrary, it is negative.
3.3
air permeability performance
the ability of external windows and doors to prevent air permeability when the openable part is normally locked
3.3.1
standard condition
test conditions with an air temperature of 293K (20℃), an atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa (760 mmHg), and an air density of 1.202 kg/m3
3.3.2
volume of air leakage
the volume of air passing through the test body per unit time
3.3.3
volume of extraneous air leakage
the volume of air leakage other than the volume of air leakage of external windows and doors themselves in the measuring area of the collective box
3.3.4
total volume of air leakage
the sum of the volume of air leakage through the external windows and doors themselves and the volume of extraneous air leakage
3.3.5
collective box
fastened box
a box body connected with the opening of the pressure box and used for collecting and measuring the volume of air leakage and volume of extraneous air leakage permeating into or leaking out of the external windows and doors
3.3.6
openable joint length
the sum of the lengths of the interior joints of the openable parts on external windows and doors
Note: The measured value of indoor surface shall prevail.
3.3.7
volume of air flow through the unit joint length of the opening part
volume of air flow through the unit joint length of the opening part under standard condition
3.3.8
area of specimen
the area within the outer side of the frames of external windows and doors
Note: The measured value of indoor surface shall prevail.
3.3.9
volume of air flow through a unit area
volume of air flow through a unit area of external windows and doors under standard condition
3.4
watertightness performance
the ability of external windows and doors to prevent rainwater leakage under the simultaneous effect of wind and rain when the openable part is normally locked
3.4.1
water leakage
the phenomenon that the rainwater seeps into the inner interface of external windows and doors, wetting the parts that shall not be wetted in the design
3.4.2
volume of water spray
the volume of water sprayed to per unit area of the outdoor surface of the external windows and doors per unit time
3.5
wind load resistance performance
the ability of external windows and doors not to distort over the allowable value and be damaged or malfunctioned under the effect of wind pressure when the openable part is normally locked
Note 1: Distortion of external windows and doors includes that of stressed bars and panels.
Note 2: Damage includes cracks, panel damage, connection damage, bond damage, window sash falling or being opened, and observable irreversible deformation, etc.
Note 3: Malfunction includes loosening of hardware, difficulty in opening and closing, peeling of adhesive tape, etc.
3.5.1
frontal displacement
the linear displacement of any point on the surface of stress bar or panel of the external windows and doors along the frontal line
3.5.2
frontal deflection
the maximum difference of the linear displacement of a certain point on the surface of the stressed bar or panel of external windows and doors
3.5.3
relative frontal deflection
ratio of frontal deflection to distance l between measuring points at both ends
3.5.4
allowable deflection
allowable relative frontal deflection
the limit value of the relative frontal deflection of the main component in the normal use limit state (symbol: f0)
3.5.5
distortion test
the test to determine the pressure difference (symbol: P1 or P'1) of the main components when the distortion is 40% of the allowable deflection
3.5.6
repeated pressure test
the test to determine whether the main components are damaged or malfunctioned under the repeated action of the pressure difference (symbol P2 or P'2) when the distortion is 60% of the allowable deflection
3.6
grade test
the test to determine the performance level of external windows and doors
3.7
engineering test
the test to determine whether the performance of external windows and doors meets the requirements of engineering design
3.8
simulating static pressure box method
the method to continuously inflate or pump air into the pressure box using air supply system to maintain the specified stable pressure difference inside and outside the external windows and doors or to fluctuate the pressure difference according to a certain cycle
4 Test principle
The test on air permeability performance, watertightness performance and wind load resistance performance of the specimen installed on the pressure box is conducted with the simulating static pressure box method Test on air permeability performance is to collect and measure the volume of air leakage of the specimen through the collective box under the condition of stable pressure difference. Test on watertightness performance means that under the action of stable pressure difference or fluctuating pressure difference, water is sprayed to the outdoor side of the specimen at the same time to measure the ability of the specimen not to leak water. Test on wind load resistance performance is to measure the ability of the specimen not to distort allowable distortion value under the action of characteristic value of wind load and the ability of the specimen to resist damage and dysfunction under the action of design value of wind load.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Test principle
5 Test device
6 Test preparation
7 Test for air permeability performance
8 Test for watertightness performance
9 Test for wind load resistance performance
10 Test for repeated air permeability performance
11 Test for repeated watertightness performance
12 Test report
Annex A (Normative) Calibration method for air flow measuring device
Annex B (Normative) Calibration method for water-spraying device
Annex C (Informative) Linear regression calculation method
Annex D (Informative) Example of test report
建筑外門窗氣密、水密、抗風壓性能檢測方法
1 范圍
本標準規定了建筑外門窗氣密、水密及抗風壓性能的術語和定義、檢測原理、檢測裝置、檢測準備、氣密性能檢測、水密性能檢測、抗風壓性能檢測、重復氣密性能檢測、重復水密性能檢測和檢測報告。
本標準適用于建筑外門窗的氣密、水密、抗風壓性能的試驗室檢測。檢測對象只限于門窗或包含附框的門窗，不涉及其與建筑墻體等其他結構之間的接縫部位。
2規范性引用文件
下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 5823建筑門窗術語
GB/T 31433 建筑幕墻、門窗通用技術條件
GB 50009建筑結構荷載規范
GB 50178建筑氣候區劃標準
3術語和定義
GB/T 5823界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
外門窗 external windows and doors
建筑外門及外窗的統稱。
3.2
壓力差pressure difference
外門窗室內、外表面所受到的空氣絕對壓力的差值。
注：當室外表面所受的壓力高于室內表面所受的壓力時，壓力差為正值；反之為負值。
3.3
氣密性能 air permeability performance
可開啟部分在正常鎖閉狀態時，外門窗阻止空氣滲透的能力。
3.3.1
標準狀態 standard condition
空氣溫度為293 K(20℃)、大氣壓力為101.3 kPa(760 mmHg)、空氣密度為1.202 kg/m3的試驗條件。
3.3.2
空氣滲透量volume of air leakage
單位時間通過測試體的空氣量。
3.3.3
附加空氣滲透量volume of extraneous air leakage
在空氣收集箱測量區域內，除外門窗自身空氣滲透量以外的空氣滲透量。
3.3.4
總空氣滲透量total volume of air leakage
通過外門窗自身的空氣滲透量及附加空氣滲透量的總和。
3.3.5
空氣收集箱collective box
扣箱 fastened box
與壓力箱開口部位相連接，用于收集并測量滲入或滲出外門窗自身的空氣滲透量及附加空氣滲透量的箱體。
3.3.6
開啟縫長openable joint nength
外門窗上可開啟部分室內側接縫長度的總和。
注：以室內表面測定值為準。
3.3.7
單位開啟縫長空氣滲透量volume of air flow through the unit joint length of the opening part
在標準狀態下，通過單位開啟縫長的空氣滲透量。
3.3.8
試件面積 area of specimen
外門窗框外側范圍內的面積。
注：以室內表面測定值為準。
3.3.9
單位面積空氣滲透量volume of air flow through a unit area
在標準狀態下，通過外門窗單位面積的空氣滲透量。
3.4
水密性能 watertightness performance
可開啟部分在正常鎖閉狀態時，在風雨同時作用下，外門窗阻止雨水滲漏的能力。
3.4.1
滲漏 water leakage
雨水滲入外門窗室內側界面，把設計中不應浸濕的部位浸濕的現象。
3.4.2
淋水量volume of water spray
單位時間內噴淋到外門窗室外表面單位面積的水量。
3.5
抗風壓性能wind load resistance performance
可開啟部分在正常鎖閉狀態時，在風壓作用下，外門窗變形不超過允許值且不發生損壞或功能障礙的能力。
注1：外門窗變形包括受力桿件變形和面板變形。
注2：損壞包括裂縫、面板破損、連接破壞、粘結破壞、窗扇掉落或被打開以及可觀察到的不可恢復的變形等現象。
注3：功能障礙包括五金件松動、啟閉困難、膠條脫落等現象。
3.5.1
面法線位移frontal displacement
外門窗受力桿件或面板表面上任意一點沿面法線方向的線位移量。
3.5.2
面法線撓度frontal deflection
外門窗受力桿件或面板表面上某一點沿面法線方向的線位移量的最大差值。
3.5.3
相對面法線撓度 relative frontal defnection
面法線撓度和兩端測點間距離l的比值。
3.5.4
允許撓度 allowabne deflection
允許相對面法線撓度 allowable renative frontal deflection
主要構件在正常使用極限狀態時的相對面法線撓度的限值(符號為f0)。
3.5.5
變形檢測distortion test
確定主要構件在變形量為40％允許撓度時的壓力差(符號為P1或P′1)而進行的檢測。
3.5.6
反復加壓檢測repeated pressure test
確定主要構件在變形量為60％允許撓度時的壓力差(符號為P2或P′2)反復作用下是否發生損壞及功能障礙而進行的檢測。
3.6
定級檢測grade test
確定外門窗性能等級而進行的檢測。
3.7
工程檢測 engineering test
確定外門窗是否滿足工程設計要求的性能而進行的檢測。
3.8
模擬靜壓箱法simulating static pressure box method
利用供風系統，向壓力箱內持續充氣或抽氣，使外門窗室內、外兩側維持指定的穩定壓力差或按照一定周期波動壓力差的方法。
4 檢測原理
采用模擬靜壓箱法，對安裝在壓力箱上的試件進行氣密性能、水密性能和抗風壓性能檢測。氣密性能檢測即在穩定壓力差狀態下通過空氣收集箱收集并測量試件的空氣滲透量；水密性能檢測即在穩定壓力差或波動壓力差作用下，同時向試件室外側淋水，測定試件不發生滲漏的能力；抗風壓性能檢測即在風荷載標準值作用下測定試件不超過允許變形的能力，以及在風荷載設計值作用下試件抗損壞和功能障礙的能力。
5 檢測裝置
5.1 組成
檢測裝置由壓力箱、空氣收集箱、試件、安裝框架、供壓裝置(包括供風設備、壓力控制裝置)、淋水裝置及測量裝置(包括空氣流量測量裝置、差壓測量裝置及位移測量裝置)組成。檢測裝置的構成如圖1所示。
說明：
1——壓力箱；
2——淋水裝置；
3——進氣口擋板；
4——壓力控制裝置；
5——供風設備；
6——水流量計；
7——差壓測量裝置；
8——安裝框架
9——空氣流量測量裝置；
10——試件；
11——空氣收集箱；
12——密封條；
13——位移測量裝置；
14——封板。
圖1 檢測裝置示意圖
5.2 要求
5.2.1 壓力箱的開口尺寸應能滿足試件安裝的要求，壓力箱開口部位的構件在承受檢測過程中可能出現的最大壓力差時，開口部位構件的最大撓度值不應超過5 mm或l/1 000，同時應具有良好的密封性能且以不影響觀察試件的水密性為最低要求。
5.2.2空氣收集箱與壓力箱連接且應有良好的密封性能，且在氣密性能檢測過程中箱體尺寸不應發生變化。空氣收集箱深度宜為500 mm～800 mm。
5.2.3試件安裝框架應保證試件安裝牢固，不應產生傾斜及變形，同時不影響試件可開啟部分的正常開啟。
5.2.4供壓裝置應具備施加正負雙向的壓力差的能力，靜態壓力控制裝置應能調節出穩定的氣流，動態壓力控制裝置應能穩定的提供3 s～5 s周期的波動風壓，波動風壓的波峰值、波谷值應滿足檢測要求。供壓和壓力控制能力應滿足本標準第7章、第8章、第9章的要求。
5.2.5淋水裝置應滿足在門窗試件的全部面積上形成連續水膜并達到規定淋水量的要求。淋水裝置宜采用錐角不小于60°的實心圓錐形噴霧噴嘴，噴嘴布置應均勻，各噴嘴與試件的距離宜相等且不應小于500 mm；淋水裝置的噴水量應能調節，并有措施保證噴水量的均勻性。
5.2.6 測量裝置應滿足下列要求：
a)空氣流量測量裝置的測量誤差不應大于示值的5％；
b)差壓測量裝置的測量誤差不應大于示值的2％，響應速度應滿足波動風壓測量的要求，其兩個探測點應在試件兩側就近布置；
c)位移測量裝置的精度應達到滿量程的0.25％，其安裝支架在測試過程中應牢固，并保證位移的測量不受試件及其支承設施的變形、移動所影響。
5.3校驗
5.3.1 空氣流量測量裝置的校驗
空氣流量測量裝置校驗方法見附錄A，校驗周期不應大于6個月。
5.3.2淋水裝置的校驗
淋水裝置的校驗方法見附錄B，固定淋水裝置校驗周期不應大于6個月，非固定淋水裝置應在每次試驗前進行校驗。
6 檢測準備
6.1 試件要求
試件應為按所提供圖樣生產的合格產品或研制的試件，不應附有任何多余的零配件或采用特殊的組裝工藝或改善措施；有附框的試件，外門窗與附框的連接與密封方式應符合設計或工程實際要求。試件應按照設計要求組合、裝配完好，并保持清潔、干燥。
6.2試件數量
相同類型、結構及規格尺寸的試件，應至少檢測三樘，且以三樘為一組進行評定。
6.3試件安裝要求
6.3.1 試件在安裝前，應在環境溫度不低于5℃的室內放置不小于4 h。
6.3.2 試件應安裝在安裝框架上，應采取措施避免試件邊框變形或開啟扇無法開啟。
6.3.3試件與安裝框架之間的連接應牢固并密封。安裝好的試件應垂直，下框應水平，下部安裝框不應高于試件室外側排水孔。
6.3.4試件安裝完畢后，應清潔試件表面。
6.4 開啟縫長和試件面積測量
6.4.1 單扇開啟的門窗開啟縫長為扇與框的搭接長度。
6.4.2無中梃的雙扇平開門窗、雙扇推拉門窗，兩活動扇搭接部分的縫長按一段計算。
6.4.3無附框的試件面積應按其外框外側包含的面積計算；門窗安裝附框時，試件面積應按附框外側包含的面積計算。
6.5 檢測順序
6.5.1 定級檢測順序
定級檢測應按照氣密、水密、抗風壓變形P1、抗風壓反復加壓P2、產品設計風荷載標準值P3、產品設計風荷載設計值Pmax順序進行。
注：定級檢測有要求時，可在產品設計風荷載標準值P3后，增加重復氣密性能、重復水密性能檢測。
6.5.2工程檢測順序
工程檢測應按照氣密、水密、抗風壓變形(40％風荷載標準值)P′1、抗風壓反復加壓(60％風荷載標準值)P′2、風荷載標準值P′3、風荷載設計值P′max的順序進行。
注：工程有要求時，可在風荷載標準值P′3后，增加重復氣密性能、重復水密性能檢測。
6.6 檢測環境
6.6.1 檢測應在室內進行，且應在環境溫度不低于5℃的試驗條件下進行。
6.6.2 當進行抗風壓性能檢測或較高風壓的水密性能檢測時應采取適當的安全措施。
7氣密性能檢測
7.1 檢測步驟
7.1.1定級檢測時，檢測加壓順序見圖2。
正壓力差/pa
負壓力差/pa
預備加壓
檢測加壓
注：圖中符號▼表示將試件的可開啟部分啟閉不少于5次。
圖2 定級檢測氣密性能加壓順序示意圖
7.1.2工程檢測時，檢測壓力應根據工程設計要求的壓力進行加壓，檢測加壓順序見圖3；當工程對檢測壓力無設計要求時，可按7.1.1進行；當工程檢測壓力值小于50 Pa時，應采用7.1.1的加壓順序進行檢測，并回歸計算出工程設計壓力對應的空氣滲透量。
注：綜合考慮工程所在地的氣象條件、建筑物特點、室內空氣調節系統等因素確定工程設計要求的壓力。
