標準編號:	GB/T 33598-2017
中文名稱:	車用動力電池回收利用 拆解規范
英文名稱:	Recycling of traction battery used in electric vehicle -- Dismantling specification
中標分類:	T47    新能源汽車及其他類型汽車
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
ICS分類:	43.120 43.120    電車 43.120
發布機構:	中華人民共和國國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局 中國國家標準化管理委員會
發布日期:	2017-05-12
實施日期:	2017-12-1
標準狀態:	valid
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	7000 字
翻譯價格(元):	290.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization (SAC/TC 114). Recycling of traction battery used in electric vehicle - Dismantling specification 1 Scope This standard specifies the terms and definitions, general requirements, operation procedures, storage and management requirements for dismantling of waste traction battery packs (sets) and modules used in electric vehicles. This standard is applicable to the dismantling of battery packs (sets) and modules of waste lithium ion traction battery and nickel metal hydride traction battery used in electric vehicles, but not applicable to the dismantling of waste traction battery cell used in electric vehicles. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 5085.7 Identification standards for hazardous waste - General rules GB 18597 Standard for pollution control on hazardous waste storage GB 18599 Standard for pollution on the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid wastes GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles HJ 2025 Technical specifications for collection, storage, transportation of hazardous waste 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 19596 and the following apply. 3.1 dismantling disassembly of the waste traction battery packs (sets) and modules 4 Overall requirements 4.1 General requirements 4.1.1 The manufacturers shall consider green design including dismantlbility and recyclability during design of traction battery. 4.1.2 Recycling and dismantling enterprises shall have the relevant qualifications stipulated by national laws and regulations, such as the business license for hazardous wastes like waste batteries. The dismantling operation procedures or dismantling operation instructions shall be formulated for safe dismantling according to the dismantling information or dismantling manual provided by the manufacturer. 4.1.3 Dismantling enterprises should adopt mechanical or automatic dismantling methods to improve the dismantling efficiency and safety. 4.1.4 Dismantling operators shall have corresponding professional qualification certificates, such as electrician certificates. 4.2 Equipment requirements 4.2.1 Safety protection equipment shall be available, such as insulating gloves, gloves for preventing mechanical injury, safety helmet, insulating shoes (boots), protective mask and insulating rescue hook for preventing electric shock. 4.2.2 Special protective covers, special lifting tools, lifting equipment, special dismantling tooling table, special pumping and discharging system, special mold extractor, special module dismantling equipment, insulation kit tools, etc. shall be provided. 4.2.3 Insulation testing equipment, such as insulation resistance tester, shall be provided. 4.3 Site requirements 4.3.1 Dismantling and storage sites shall be provided with security facilities, such as fire-fighting facilities, alarm facilities and emergency facilities. 4.3.2 The ground of dismantling and storage sites shall be hardened and leak-proof, and be provided with environmental protection facilities, such as wastewater treatment system. 4.3.3 The dismantling and storage sites shall be kept ventilated, dry, bright and far away from residential areas. 4.4 Safety requirements 4.4.1 Personnel safety 4.4.1.1 The personnel shall wear safety protection equipment before dismantling operation. 4.4.1.2 The personnel shall have the corresponding professional knowledge and pass the internal professional training examination. 4.4.2 Lifting safety 4.4.2.1 Slings and lifting equipment shall be insulated, and the load borne shall not exceed the rated lifting capacity. 4.4.2.2 Before lifting, the external wires and detached accessories of waste traction battery shall be removed to prevent falling and hurting people during lifting. 4.4.2.3 For lifting traction battery packs (sets), at least three fixing points shall be available. 4.4.2.4 Before lifting, trial lifting shall be conducted to check the stress condition of the equipment. 4.4.3 Dismantling safety 4.4.3.1 It is strictly forbidden to operate alone in the dismantling process, and the dismantling shall be carried out in accordance with the established dismantling operation procedures or operation instructions. 4.4.3.2 In the cutting process, the cutting equipment shall be checked first, and then the cutting pieces shall be fixed and protected. 4.4.3.3 During the dismantling operation, the weightlessness of whole structure and the damage of traction battery shall be avoided. 4.4.3.4 After dismantling, the waste traction battery module and cell shall be insulated. 5 Operation procedures 5.1 Operation process chart 5.1.1 The dismantling operation procedures for waste traction battery shall strictly follow the principles of safety, environmental protection and resource recycling. 5.1.2 The dismantling operation procedures for waste traction battery should be carried out according to Figure 1. For those without traction battery modules, the procedure of “dismantling traction battery modules” may be omitted. Figure 1 Dismantling operation procedures for waste traction battery 5.2 Pretreatment 5.2.1 Information such as model, manufacturer, voltage, nominal capacity, size and quality of waste traction battery shall be collected. 5.2.2 For liquid-cooled traction batteries, a special pumping and discharging system shall be adopted to drain the coolant, and a special container shall be used to collect it. 5.2.3 The waste traction battery packs (sets) shall be subjected to insulation inspection, discharge or insulation so as to ensure safe dismantling. 5.2.4 The external wires and detached accessories of waste traction battery shall be removed. 5.2.5 The recovery traceability code shall be pasted, and the preprocessed collected information shall be recorded into the recovery traceability management system.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Overall requirements 5 Operation procedures 6 Storage and management

ICS 43.120 T 47 中華人民共和國國家標準 GB/T 33598—2017 車用動力電池回收利用 拆解規范 Recycling of traction battery used in electric vehicle—Dismantling specification 2017-05-12發布 2017-12-01實施 中華人民共和國國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局 中國國家標準化管理委員會 發布 前言 本標準按照GB/T 1.1—2009給出的規則起草。 本標準由工業和信息化部提出。 本標準由全國汽車標準化技術委員會(SAC/TC 114)歸日。 車用動力電池回收利用 拆解規范 1 范圍 本標準規定了車用廢舊動力蓄電池包(組)、模塊拆解工作的術語和定義，總體要求，作業程序及存儲和管理要求。 本標準適用于車用廢舊鋰離子動力蓄電池、金屬氫化物鎳動力蓄電池的蓄電池包(組)、模塊的拆解，不適用于車用廢舊動力蓄電池單體的拆解。 2規范性引用文件 下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB 5085.7危險廢物鑒別標準通則 GB 18597危險廢物貯存污染控制標準 GB 18599一般工業固體廢物貯存、處置場污染控制標準 GB/T 19596電動汽車術語 HJ 2025危險廢物收集、貯存、運輸技術規范 3術語和定義 GB/T 19596界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。 3.1 拆解dismantling 將廢舊動力蓄電池包(組)、模塊進行解體的作業。 4總體要求 4.1一般要求 4.1.1 生產企業在設計動力蓄電池時應考慮可拆解性、可回收性等綠色設計。 4.1.2回收、拆解企業應具有國家法律法規規定的相關資質，如經營范圍包括廢舊電池類的危險廢物經營許可證等。應按照生產企業提供的拆解信息或拆解手冊.制定拆解作業程序或拆解作業指導書，進行安全拆解。 4.1.3拆解企業宜采用機械或自動化拆解方式，以提高拆解效率及安全性。 4.1.4拆解作業人員中，需持有相應的職業資格證書，如電工證等。 4.2裝備要求 4.2.1應具備絕緣手套、防機械傷害手套、安全帽、絕緣鞋(靴)、防護面罩、防觸電絕緣救援鉤等安全防護裝備。 4.2.2應配備專業防護罩、專用起吊工具、起吊設備、專用拆解工裝臺、專用抽排系統、專用取模器、專用模塊拆解設備、絕緣套裝工具等。 4.2.3應具備絕緣檢測設備，如絕緣電阻測試儀等。 4.3場地要求 4.3.1 拆解、存儲場地應具備安全防范設施，如消防設施、報警設施、應急設施等。 4.3.2拆解、存儲場地的地面應硬化并防滲漏，具有環保防范設施，如廢水處理系統等。 4.3.3拆解、存儲場地內應保持通風干燥、光線良好，并遠離居民區。 4.4安全要求 4.4.1人員安全 4.4.1.1拆解作業前，應穿戴安全防護裝備。 4.4.1.2應具備相應的專業知識，并經過內部專業培訓考核。 4.4.2吊裝安全 4.4.2.1 吊具和起吊設備應進行絕緣處理，且所承受的載荷不得超過額定起重能力。 4.4.2.2起吊前應拆除廢舊動力蓄電池外接導線及脫落的附屬件，防止起吊中墜落傷人。 4.4.2.3起吊動力蓄電池包(組)時，固定點應不少于3個。 4.4.2.4起吊前應進行試吊，并檢查設備受力情況。 4.4.3拆解安全 4.4.3.1拆解過程嚴禁單獨作業，按照制定的拆解作業程序或作業指導書進行。 4.4.3.2切割工序中，應先檢查切割設備，固定切割件.并做好防護。 4.4.3.3拆解作業應避免整體結構的失重散架和動力蓄電池的破損。 4.4.3.4拆解后應對廢舊動力蓄電池模塊、單體進行絕緣處理。 5作業程序 5.1作業流程圖 5.1.1 廢舊動力蓄電池拆解的作業程序應嚴格遵循安全、環保和資源循環利用三原則。 5.1.2廢舊動力蓄電池拆解的作業程序宜按圖1進行，對于不含動力蓄電池模塊的，可省略“動力蓄電池模塊拆解”程序。 廢舊動力蓄電池 拆解預處理 動力蓄電池包(組)拆解 動力蓄電池模塊拆解 廢舊動力蓄電池單體 圖1 廢舊動力蓄電池拆解作業程序圖 5.2預處理 5.2.1采集廢舊動力蓄電池的型號、制造商、電壓、標稱容量、尺寸及質量等信息。 5.2.2對液冷動力蓄電池應采用專用抽排系統排空冷卻液，并使用專用容器對其進行收集。 5.2.3對廢舊動力蓄電池包(組)應進行絕緣檢測，并進行放電或絕緣等處理，以確保拆解安全。 5.2.4拆除廢舊動力蓄電池外接導線及脫落的附屬件。 5.2.5粘貼回收追溯碼，將預處理采集信息錄入回收追溯管理系統。 5.3拆解 5.3.1動力蓄電池包(組)拆解 5.3.1.1采用專用起吊工具和起吊設備將動力蓄電池包(組)起吊至專用拆解工裝臺。 5.3.1.2拆除動力蓄電池包(組)外殼，根據組合方式，拆解方式如下： a)對外殼為螺栓式組合連接的動力蓄電池包(組)，應根據螺栓的類型及規格，采用相應的工具或設備進行拆解。 b)對外殼為金屬焊接或塑封式連接的動力蓄電池包(組)，應采用專業的切割設備拆解，并精確控制切割位置及切入深度。 c)對外殼為嵌入式連接的動力蓄電池包(組)，宜采用專業的機械化切割設備拆解。 5.3.1.3外殼拆除后，應先拆除托架、隔板等輔助固定部件。 5.3.1.4應使用絕緣工具拆除高壓線束、線路板、電池管理系統、高壓安全盒等功能部件。 5.3.1.5根據動力蓄電池模塊的位置和固定方式，拆除相關固定件、冷卻系統等部件，采用專用取模器移除模塊。 5.3.1.6動力蓄電池包(組)拆解過程中要注意避免拆除的螺栓等金屬件與高低壓連接觸頭位置的接觸.以免造成短路起火，同時要備用專用磁吸工具用于對脫落在縫隙中的金屬件的取出。 5.3.2動力蓄電池模塊拆解 5.3.2.1 宜采用專用模塊拆解設備對模塊進行安全、環保拆解。 5.3.2.2采用專用起吊工具及起吊設備將動力蓄電池模塊起吊至拆解工裝臺或模塊拆解設備進料口。 5.3.2.3拆除蓄電池模塊外殼，根據組合方式，拆解方法如下： a)對外殼為螺栓式組合連接的動力蓄電池橫塊，應根據螺栓的類型及規格，在專用模組工裝夾具的輔助下定位，采用相應的工具進行拆解。 b)對外殼為金屬焊接或塑封式連接的動力蓄電池模塊，應根據焊位或封裝口角度，宜采用專用模塊拆解設備在封閉空間中拆解，并精確控制焊位分離尺寸及刀口切入深度，防止短路起火。 c)對外殼為嵌入式連接的動力蓄電池模塊，應采用機械化拆解設備進行拆解。 5.3.2.4外殼拆除后，應采用絕緣工具拆除導線、連接片等連接部件，分離出蓄電池單體。 5.3.2.5動力蓄電池模塊拆解過程中要注意模塊的成組類型與連接方式，拆解過程做好絕緣防護，對高低壓連接插件的接口應用絕緣材料及時封堵，不應徒手拆解模塊。 6存儲和管理 6.1收集的廢液、廢棄物，應按GB 5085.7的規定進行鑒別分類，并符合下列規定： a)屬于危險廢物，應按GB 18597和HJ 2025要求進行收集、貯存、運輸，并交由有資質單位進行處理。 b)屬于一般固體廢物，應按GB 18599的要求執行。 6.2蓄電池單體應統一存儲，禁止對單體進行手工拆解、丟棄、填埋或焚燒。 6.3拆解后的蓄電池單體、零部件、材料，應采用相應的容器分類存儲、標識，并對其進行日常性檢查。 6.4 回收拆解企業應向生產企業提供回收處理報告。