Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the contents of English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 9711-2011 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries — Steel Pipe for Pipeline Transportation Systems. In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical deviations have been made with respect to the GB/T 9711-2011 (the previous edition):
— In Clause 2, 2.1 "Units of Measurement", addition of the purchaser shall specify the International System (SI) or US Customary (USC) system of measurements. For a specific order item, or the same inspection document or in the same required marking sequence, only one system of units shall be used.
— Clause 3:
1) Series professional standards for nondestructive testing of steel pipe (SY/T 6423) and disabled ISO standards for nondestructive testing are deleted; and addition of ISO 10893 and other series standards for nondestructive testing of steel pipe;
2) GB/T 228 and other national standards are deleted, which are replaced corresponding ISO and ASTM standards;
3) Addition of API TR 5T1 Standard on Imperfection Terminology and other normative references.
— Clause 4: Addition of API TR 5T1 Standard on Imperfection Terminology as a foundation terminology standard; addition of Mother Coil and a dozen or more terms.
— Clause 5: Addition of abbreviated terms of COW, GMAW, MT, PT, SAW, SMAW and UT for welding and nondestructive testing.
— Clause 6: Addition of in steel grade L625Q/X90Q and L690Q/X100Q suitable for seamless pipe in Table 1 "Pipe Grades, Steel Grades and Acceptable Delivery Conditions"; and addition of relevant provisions in corresponding standard text of mechanical properties.
— Clause 7: Information to be supplied by the purchaser:
? Addition in 7.2, b):
1) Product analysis method (see 10.2.4.1);
2) Alternate method for diameter measurement for D ≥ 508 mm (20.000 in) (see 10.2.8.1);
3) Steel pipe weld seam type of jointers (see A.1.1);
4) Alternate IQI type (see E.4.3.1).
? Addition in 7.2, c):
1) Alternative fraction jointers of 12 m and 24 m comprising two or three pieces;
2) Multiple grade marking;
3) NDT of electric welding (EW) seam welds after hydrotest;
4) Specific expanding mode of cold-expanded pipes (hydrostatic or mechanical);
5) Application of Annex G to PSL 2 pipe with resistance to ductile fracture propagation and of steel grade not less than L485/X70, where purchaser should specify the specific requirements for grain size, banded structure and impurity of raw material.
? Deletion in 7.2, c):
1) Ultrasonic inspection of strip and plate for laminations or mechanical damage of pipe for sour service;
2) Delivery and non-destructive inspection of helical seam-welded pipe containing strip-plate end welds for sour service;
3) Agreement requirements of hardness test and hardness deviation of steel pipes for sour service and offshore service.
— Addition in Clause 8 Manufacturing:
1) Application of Annex G to PSL 2 pipe with resistance to ductile fracture propagation and of strength grade not less than L485/X70, where purchaser should specify the specific requirements for grain size, banded structure and impurity of raw material (includes acceptance limit and acceptance method);
2) Processes requiring validation for non expanded and expanded SAW and COW steel pipe;
3) The requirements of supplying steel and rolling mill(s) shall have a documented quality management system (8.3.1);
4) Open hearth process only in combination with a ladle refining process;
5) Addition of steel grade ">L690/X100 to L830/X120" in "PSL 2 pipe grade" column of Acceptable Processes of Manufacture and Product Specification Levels;
6) For starting materials used for pipe manufacturing, critical variables of the coil/plate rolling practice (e.g. reheating, rolling and cooling temperatures, times and tolerances) shall be defined, and the control requirements of permissible ranges are added.
— In Clause 9 Acceptance Criteria:
1) The maximum tensile strength of three steel grades L245/B, L290/X42 and L320/X46 are modified (reduced) to 655MPa;
2) When there are abnormal fracture occurs in the DWT test, it is recommended that the fracture shall be evaluated according to Annex M;
3) Tolerances for partial diameter and out-of-roundness and the internal taper of steel pipe are modified;
— In Clause 10 Inspection:
1) Modification of inspection frequency for partial tests of PSL 1 and PSL 2 steel pipes;
2) Modification of the gap position of CVN sample;
3) Addition of diameter measuring devices of micrometer, ovality gauge or coordinate measuring machine;
4) Addition of the requirements of weighing of pipe jointers.
— Clause 11 Marking: Addition of marking of pipe to multiple grades, thread identification and certification, and steel pipe processor markings.
— Clause 14 Pipe Loading: Addition of recommended practices for pipes transported on trucks may refer to API RP 5LT.
— Deletion of Annex L (Informative) Steel Designations.
— Deletion of Annex M (Informative) Correspondence of Terminology between GB/T 9711 and Its Source Documents
— Addition of Annex L (Informative) Comparison Table between Relevant International Standards and National Standards of China
— Addition of Annex M (Informative) Recommended Practice for Abnormal Fracture Evaluation of DWT Test.
This standard has been redrafted and modified adoption of International Standard ISO 3183:2012 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries — Steel Pipe for Pipeline Transportation Systems.
There are standard structure changes between this standard and the International Standard ISO 3183:2012:
— For the purpose of adapt to the actual requirements of China, partial deletion, reduction and addition had been made on the structure of annexes.
a) Deletion of the Foreword, Annexes M, N, O and P of the ISO Standard, which are irrelevant to the manufacturing, inspection and application of steel pipe in China;
b) Addition of new Annex L (Informative) Comparison Table between Relevant International Standards and National Standards of China, new Annex M (Informative) Recommended Practice for Abnormal Fracture Evaluation of DWT Test and new Annex N (Informative) Technical Deviations and Their Justifications between This Standard and ISO 3183:2012.
There are technical deviations between this standard and the International Standard ISO 3183:2012. A complete list of technical deviations, together with their justifications, is given in Annex N.
For the purposes of this standard, the following editorial changes have also been made:
— Deletion of the second paragraph of 2.1 Units of Measurement "For data expressed in SI units, a comma is used as the decimal separator and a space is used as the thousands separator. For data expressed in USC units, a dot (on the line) is used as the decimal separator and a space is used as the thousands separator.", which is irrelevant to the subject content of this standard; and the comma "," in the digital of ISO 3183 original text is replaced decimal point.
— Deletion of normative references ISO 5173 Destructive Tests on Welds in Metallic Materials — Bend Tests and EN 10168 Steel Products — Inspection Documents — List of Information and Description, which are not mentioned in the text of this standard.
— Deletion of blank Annex N and Annex O, which are only a series number but no specific contents.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This standard was proposed and prepared by SAC/TC 355 (National Technical Committee 355 on Petroleum and Natural Gas of Standardization Administration of China).
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
— GB 9711-1988, GB/T 9711-2011;
— GB/T 9711.1-1996;
— GB/T 9711.2-1999;
— GB/T 9711.3-2005.
?
Introduction
This standard is the result of harmonizing the requirements of the following standards:
— ISO 3183:2012; third edition (published 1 November 2012).
— API Spec 5L; 45th edition (published December 2012; implemented 1 July 2013).
This standard has maintained the concept of two basic levels of standard technical requirements for line pipe expressed as two product specification levels (PSL 1 and PSL 2). Level PSL 1 provides a standard quality level for line pipe. Level PSL 2 has additional mandatory requirements for chemical composition, notch toughness and strength properties and additional non-destructive testing (NDT). Requirements that apply only to PSL 1 or only to PSL 2 are so designated. Requirements that are not designated to a specific PSL designation apply to both PSL 1 and PSL 2 pipe.
This standard also recognized that the petroleum and natural gas industry often specifies additional requirements for particular applications. In order to accommodate such needs, optional additional requirements for special applications are available, as follows:
— PSL 2 pipe ordered with a qualified manufacturing procedure (Annex B);
— PSL 2 pipe ordered with resistance to ductile fracture propagation in gas pipelines (Annex G);
— PSL 2 pipe ordered for sour service (Annex H);
— pipe ordered as “Through the Flowline” (TFL) pipe (Annex I);
— PSL 2 pipe ordered for offshore service (Annex J);
The requirements of the annex(es) apply only when specified on the purchase order. When pipe is ordered for dual or multiple applications, the requirements of more than one annex for special applications can be invoked. In such instances, if a technical conflict arises due to applying the requirements of more than one annex for special applications, the most stringent requirement applicable to the intended service applies.
This standard does not provide guidance on when it is necessary to specify the above supplementary requirements. Instead, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify, based upon the intended use and design requirements, which, if any, of the supplementary requirements apply for a particular purchase order.
This standard is the result of a continuing process of harmonizing documents of different heritage. It has been necessary to give consideration to traditional symbols (denoting mechanical or physical properties or their values, dimensions or test parameters) and the format of equations that have been widely used and which (in their traditional format) maintain strong links with other widely used standards and specifications, and with the original scientific work that led to their derivation. Accordingly, some symbols and equations (most specifically those in 9.2 and Table F.1) have been retained in their traditional form to avoid causing confusion in this post-harmonization stage. Where changes have been made, care has been taken to ensure that the new symbol replacing the traditional one has been fully and clearly defined.
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries — Steel Pipe for Pipeline Transportation Systems
1 Scope
This standard specifies requirements for the manufacture of two product specification levels (PSL 1 and PSL 2) of seamless and welded steel pipes for use in pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries.
This standard is applicable to the manufacturing, inspection, marking, coating, recording and loading of seamless pipe and welded pipe for pipeline transportation systems of petroleum and natural gas industries.
This standard is not applicable to cast pipe.
2 Conformance
2.1 Manufacturing
In this standard, data are expressed in both International System (SI) units and United States Customary (USC) units. For a specific order item, only one system of units shall be used, without combining data expressed in the other system. Data values expressed in SI and USC units shall not be combined on the same inspection document or in the same required pipe marking sequence.
Where product is tested and verified against requirements using one measurement system (USC or SI), and an inspection document is issued, with data reported in the alternate measurement system units, a statement shall appear on the inspection document indicating that the data presented was converted from the measurement system used for the original inspection.
The purchaser shall specify whether data, drawings, and maintenance dimensions of pipes shall be in the International System (SI) or US Customary (USC) system of measurements. Use of an SI data sheet indicates that the SI measurements shall be used. Use of a USC data sheet indicates that the USC system of measurements shall be used.
2.2 Rounding
Unless otherwise stated in this standard, to determine conformance with the specified requirements, observed or calculated values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in accordance with ISO 80000-1:2009, Annex B, Rule A.
Note: For the purposes of this provision, the rounding method of ASTM E29-08 [1] is equivalent to ISO 80000-1:2009, Annex B, Rule A.
2.3 Compliance to This Standard
A documented quality system shall be applied to assist compliance with the requirements of this standard.
Note: Documentation of a quality system does not require certification by a third party certification body. Only the creation or adoption of a written quality system is necessary to meet the requirement of this standard. ISO defers to the expertise of responsible quality management personnel to create or adopt the system which best reflects the need of each company. There are many existing quality management systems to which personnel can refer for guidance in the development of an appropriate quality system, including ISO/TS 29001[2] and API Q1[3], which contain provisions specific to the oil and gas industry, or ISO 9001[4], which contains general requirements for quality management systems that are auditable. This list is not exhaustive and is provided for information only.
A contract may specify that the manufacturer shall be responsible for complying with all of the applicable requirements of this standard. It shall be permissible for the purchaser to make any investigation necessary in order to be assured of compliance by the manufacturer and to reject any material that does not comply.
3 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 8650-2015 Evaluation of Pipeline and Pressure Vessel Steels for Resistance to Hydrogen-induced Cracking (NACE TM0284:2011, MOD)
GB/T 8923.1-2011 Preparation of Steel Substrates before Application of Paints and Related Products — Visual Assessment of Surface Cleanliness — Part 1: Rust Grades and Related Products — Uncoated Steel Substrates and of Steel Substrates after Overrall Removal of Previous Coatings (ISO 8501-1:2007, IDT)
GB/T 18253-2000 Steel and Steel Products — Types of Inspection Documents (eqv ISO 10474:1991)
GB/T 19348.1-2014 Non-destructive Testing —Industrial Radiographic Films — Part 1: Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography (ISO 11699-1:2008, MOD)
GB/T 23901.1-2009 Non-destructive Testing — Image Quality of Radiographs — Part 1: Image Quality Indicators (Wire Type) — Determination of Image Quality Value (ISO 19232-1:2004 IDT)
SY/T 6423.2-2013 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Tubes — Part 2: Automated Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Seam of Welded Steel Tubes for the Detection of Longitudinal and/or Transverse Imperfections (ISO 10893-11:2011, IDT)
SY/T 6423.3-2013 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Tubes — Part 3: Automated Ultrasonic Testing for the Detection of Laminar Imperfections in Strip/Plate Used for Manufacture of Welded Steel Tubes (ISO 10893-9:2011, IDT)
SY/T 6423.4-2013 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Tubes — Part 4: Automated Ultrasonic Testing of Seamless and Welded Steel Tubes for the Detection of Laminar Imperfections (ISO 10893-8:2011, IDT)
SY/T 6423.5-2014 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Tubes — Part 5: Digital Radiographic Testing of the Weld Seam of Welded Steel Tubes for the Detection of Imperfections (ISO 10893-7:2011 IDT)
SY/T 6423.6-2014 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Tubes — Part 6: Automated Full Peripheral Flux Leakage Testing of Seamless and Welded (Except Submerged Arc-welded) Ferromagnetic Steel Tubes for the Detection of Longitudinal and/or Transverse Imperfections (ISO 10893-3:2011, IDT)
ISO 148-1 Metallic Materials — Charpy Pendulum Ompact Test — Part 1: Test Method
ISO 404 Steel and Steel Products — General Technical Delivery Requirements
ISO 2566-1 Steel — Conversion of Elongation Values — Part 1: Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
ISO 4885 Ferrous Products — Heat Treatments — Vocabulary
ISO 6506 (all parts) Metallic Materials — Brinell Hardness Test
ISO 6507 (all parts) Metallic Materials — Vickers Hardness Test
ISO 6508 (all parts) Metallic Materials — Rockwell Hardness Test
ISO 6892-1 Metallic Materials — Tensile Testing — Part 1: Method of Test at Room Temperature
ISO 6929 Steel Products — Vocabulary
ISO 7438 Metallic Materials — Bencl Test
ISO 7539-2 Corrosion of Metals and Alloys — Stress Corrosion Testing — Part 2: Preparation and Use of Bentbeam Specimens
ISO 8491 Metallic Materials — Tube (in Full Section) — Bend Test
ISO 8492 Metallic Materials — Tube — Flattening Test
ISO 9712 Non-destructive Testing — Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
ISO/TR 9769 Steel and Iron — Review of Available Methods of Analysis
ISO 10893-2:2011 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Tubes — Part 2: Automated Eddy Current Testing of Seamless and Welded (Except Submerged Arc-welded) Steel Tubes for the Detection of Imperfections
ISO 10893-4 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Tubes — Part 4: Liquid Penetrant Inspection of Seamless and Welded Steel Tubes for the Detection of Surface Imperfections
ISO 10893-5 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Tubes — Part 5: Magnetic Particle Inspection of Seamless and Welded Ferromagnetic Steel Tubes for the Detection of Surface Imperfections
ISO 10893-6 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Tubes — Part 6: Radiographic Testing of the Weld Seam of Welded Steel Tubes for the Detection of Imperfections
ISO 10893-10:2011 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Tubes — Part 10: Automated Full Peripheral Ultrasonic Testing of Seamless and Welded (Except Submerged Arc-welded) Steel Tubes for the Detection of Longitudinal and/or Transverse Imperfections
ISO 10893-12 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Tubes — Part 12: Automated Full Peripheral Ultrasonic Thickness Testing of Seamless and Welded (Except Submerged Arc-welded) Steel Tubes
ISO 11484 Steel Products — Employer’s Qualification System for Non-destructive Testing (NDT) Personnel
ISO 12135 Metallic Materials — United Method of Test for the Determination of Quasistatic Fracture Toughness
ISO 13678 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries — Evaluation and Testing of Thread Compounds for Use with Casing, Tubing, Line Pipe and Drill Stem Elements
ISO 14284 Steel and Iron — Sampling and Preparation of Samples for the Determination of Chemical Composition
ISO 80000-1:2009 Quantities and Units — Part 1: General
API Spec 5B Specification for Threading, Gauging, and Thread Inspection of Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe Threads
API RP5A3 Recommended Practice on Thread Compounds for Casing, Tubing, Line Pipe, and Drill Stem Elements
API RP5L3 Recommended Practice for Conductiong Drop — Weight Tear Tests on Line Pipe
API TR 5T1 Standard on Imperfection Terminology
ASNT SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A — Non-Destructive Testing
ASTM A370 Standard Test Methods and Deinitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
ASTM A435 Standard Specification for Straight — Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
ASTM A578/A578M Sumdard Specification for Straight — Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applications
ASTM A751 Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
ASTM A941 Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
ASTM A956 Standard Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel Products
ASTM A1038 Standard Test Method for Portable Hardness Testing by the Ultrasonic Contact Impedance Method
ASTM E18 Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
ASTM E94 Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination
ASTM E110 Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Portable Hardness Testers
ASTM E114 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse — Echo Straight — Beam Contact Testing
ASTM E164 Standard Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Weldments
ASTM E165 Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
ASTM E213 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing
ASTM E273 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone of Welded Pipe and Tubing
ASTM E309 Standard Practice for Eddy — Current Examination of Sled Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation
ASTM E384 Standard Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials
ASTM E570 Standard Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Tubular Products
ASTM E587 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Angle — Beam Contact Testing
ASTM E709 Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
ASTM E747 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
ASTM E1290 Standard Test Method for Crack-Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) Facture Toughness Measurement
ASTM E1806 Standard Practice for Sampling Steel andiron for Determination of Chemical Composition
ASTM E1815-08 Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography
ASTM E2033 Standard Practice for Computed Radiology (Photostimulable Luminescence Method)
ASTM E2698 Standard Practice for Radiological Examination Using Digital Detector Arrays
ASTM G39 Standard Practice for Preparation and Use of Bent — Beam Stress — Corrosion Test Specimens
BS 7448-1 Fracture Mechanics Toughness Tests — Method for Determination of Klc, Critical CTOD and Critical J Balues of Metallic Materials
EN 10204: 2004 Metallic Products — Types of Inspection Documents)
NACK TM0177: 2005 Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulide Stress Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking in H2S Environments
Note: As part of above foreign standards had been converted to national standards and professional standards of China, for the purpose of application and referrence, Annex L gives a list of corresponding relationship between these foreign standards and Chinese standards (include standard number, issuing title of resign, edition and application degree). For the Chinese standards foreign standards are identical with foreign standards, such foreign standards quoted in the text may be replaced by Chinese standards.
4 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply, as well as those given in ISO 6929 or ASTM A941 for steel products, ISO 4885 or ASTM A941 for heat treatment, API TR 5T1 for imperfection terminology, ISO 404, GB/T 18253-2000 or ASTM A370, whichever is applicable, for the types of sampling procedures, inspection and inspection documents,
4.1
as agreed
required to be as agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser, and specified in the purchase order
Note: Associated, for example, with items covered by 7.2 a).
4.2
as-rolled
delivery condition without any special rolling and/or heat-treatment
4.3
coil/plate end weld
weld that joins coil or plate ends together
4.4
cold-expanded pipe
pipe that, while at ambient mill temperature, has received a permanent increase in outside diameter or circumference throughout its length, by internal hydrostatic pressure in closed dies or by an internal expanding mechanical device
4.5
cold-sized pipe
pipe that, after forming (including sizing on electric welding) and while at ambient mill temperature, has received a permanent increase in outside diameter or circumference for all or part of its length, or a permanent decrease in outside diameter or circumference for all or part of its length
4.6
cold finishing
cold-working operation (normally cold drawing) with a permanent strain greater than 1.5%
Note: The amount of permanent strain generally differentiates it from cold expansion and cold sizing.
4.7
cold forming
process in which a strip or plate is formed into a pipe without heating
4.8
continuous welding (CW)
process of forming a seam by heating the strip in a furnace and mechanically pressing the formed edges together, wherein successive coils of strip had been joined together to provide a continuous flow of strip for the welding mill
4.9
combination welded pipe (COW pipe)
tubular product having one or two longitudinal seams or one helical seam, produced by a combination of gas metal-arc and submerged-arc welding wherein the gas-metal arc weld bead is not completely removed by the submerged-arc welding passes
Foreword IV
Introduction IX
1 Scope
2 Conformance
2.1 Manufacturing
2.2 Rounding
2.3 Compliance to This Standard
3 Normative References
4 Terms and Definitions
5 Symbols and Abbreviated Terms
5.1 Symbols
5.2 Abbreviated Terms
6 Pipe Grade, Steel Grade and Delivery Condition
6.1 Pipe Grade and Steel Grade
6.2 Delivery Condition
7 Information to be Supplied by the Purchaser
7.1 General Information
7.2 Additional Information
8 Manufacturing
8.1 Process of Manufacture
8.2 Processes Requiring Validation
8.3 Starting Material
8.4 Tack Welds
8.5 Weld Seams in COW Pipe
8.7 Weld Seams in Double-seam Pipe
8.8 Treatment of Weld Seams in EW and LW Pipes
8.8.1 PSL 1 EW pipe
8.8.2 LW pipe and PSL 2 HFW pipe
8.9 Cold Sizing and Cold Expansion
8.10 Coil/plate End Welds
8.11 Jointers
8.12 Heat Treatment
8.13 Traceability
9 Acceptance Criteria
9.1 General
9.2 Chemical Composition
9.3 Tensile Properties
9.4 Hydrostatic Test
9.5 Bend Test
9.6 Flattening Test
9.7 Guided-bend Test
9.8 CVN Impact Test for PSL 2 Pipe
9.8.1 General
9.8.2 Pipe body tests
9.8.3 Pipe weld and HAZ tests
9.9 DWT Test for PSL 2 Welded Pipe
9.10 Surface Conditions, Imperfections and Defects
9.10.1 General
9.10.2 Undercuts
9.10.3 Arc burns
9.10.4 Laminations
9.10.5 Geometric deviations
9.10.6 Hard spots
9.10.7 Other surface imperfections
9.11 Dimensions, Mass and Tolerances
9.11.1 Dimensions
9.11.2 Mass per unit length
9.11.3 Tolerances for diameter, wall thickness, length and straightness
9.12 Finish of Pipe Ends
9.12.1 General
9.12.2 Threaded ends (PSL 1 only)
9.12.3 Belled ends (PSL 1 only)
9.12.4 Ends prepared for special couplings (PSL 1 only)
9.12.5 Plain ends
9.13 Tolerances for the Weld Seam
9.13.1 Radial offset of strip/plate edges
9.13.2 Height of the flash or weld bead/reinforcement
9.13.3 Misalignment of the weld beads of SAW and COW pipes
9.14 Tolerances for Mass
9.15 Weldability of PSL 2 Pipe
10 Inspection
10.1 Types of Inspection and Inspection Documents
10.1.1 General
10.1.2 Inspection documents for PSL 1 pipe
10.1.3 Inspection documents for PSL 2 pipe
10.2 Specific Inspection
10.2.1 Inspection frequency
10.2.2 Samples and test pieces for product analysis
10.2.3 Samples and test pieces for mechanical tests
10.2.4 Test methods
10.2.5 Macrographic and metallographic tests
10.2.6 Hydrostatic test
10.2.7 Visual inspection
10.2.8 Dimensional testing
10.2.9 Weighing
10.2.10 Non-destructive inspection
10.2.11 Reprocessing
10.2.12 Retesting
11 Marking
11.1 General
11.2 Pipe Markings
11.3 Coupling Markings
11.4 Marking of Pipe to Multiple Grades
11.5 Thread Identification and Certification
11.6 Pipe Processor Markings
12 Coatings and Thread Protectors
12.1 Coatings and Linings
12.2 Thread Protectors
13 Retention of Records
14 Pipe Loading
Annex A (Normative) Specification for Welded Jointers
Annex B (Normative) Manufacturing Procedure Qualification for PSL 2 Pipe
Annex C (Normative) Treatment of Surface Imperfections and Defects
Annex D (Normative) Repair Welding Procedure
Annex E (Normative) Non-destructive Inspection for Other Than Sour Service or Offshore Service
Annex F (Normative) Requirements for Couplings (PSL 1 Only)
Annex G (Normative) PSL 2 Pipe with Resistance to Ductile Fracture Propagation
Annex H (Normative) PSL 2 Pipe Ordered for Sour Service
Annex I (Normative) Pipe Prdered As “Through the Flowline” (TFL) Pipe
Annex J (normative) PSL 2 pipe ordered for offshore service
Annex K (normative) Non-destructive Inspection for Pipe Ordered for Sour Service and/or Offshore Service
Annex L (Informative) Comparison Table between Relevant International Standards and Chinese Standards
Annex M (Informative) Recommended Practice for Abnormal Fracture Evaluation of DWT Test
Annex N (Informative) Technical Deviations and Their Justifications between ISO 3183:2012 and This Standard
Bibliography
石油天然氣工業 管線輸送系統用鋼管
1 范圍
本標準規定了石油天然氣工業管線輸送系統用無縫鋼管（以下簡稱“無縫管”）和焊接鋼管（以下簡稱“焊管”）的制造要求，其包括兩種產品規范水平（PSL1和PSL2）。
本標準適用于石油天然氣工業管線輸送系統用無縫管和焊管的制造、檢驗、標志、涂層、記錄和裝載。
本標準不適用于鑄鐵管。
2 一致性
2.1 計量單位
本標準采用國際單位制（以下簡稱“SI單位”）和美國慣用單位制（以下簡稱“USC單位”）表示數據。對于具體的訂貨批，只應使用一種單位制表示數據，不應存在兼用另一種單位制表示的數據。用SI單位和USC單位表示的數據不應同事出現在同一檢驗文件或同一鋼管標志中。
在產品依據要求使用某一種計量單位制（SI或USC）對產品進行試驗和驗證，而隨后發出的檢驗文件的報告數據用其他替代計量單位制表示時，檢驗文件應說明現有數據是由原檢驗所使用計量單位制數據換算得出。
對于鋼管數據、圖和供應尺寸，購方應規定是采用SI單位，還是采用USC單位。數據單采用SI數據表明應使用SI單位，數據單采用USC數據表明應使用USC單位。
2.2 圓整
除本標準規定外，為確保與規定要求的一致性，應根據ISO 80000-1：2009，附錄B，規則A，把觀測值或計算數值圓整到用于表示極限值的最右邊數位的最鄰近單位數值。
注：該條款的目的是表明SATM E29-04[1]規定的圓整方法與ISO 80000-1：2009，附錄B，規則A相同。
2.3 對本標準的符合性
應運行文件化的質量體系，以助于符合本標準的要求。
注：質量體系文件不要求獲得第三方認證機構認證。為滿足本標準的要求，僅需創建和采用書面的質量體系即可。應遵從負責質量管理人員的專業意見，以制定或批準能反映各公司需求的最佳體系。在建立適合的質量體系過程中，現存的許多質量管理體系都可為相關人員提供指導，這些體系有包含石油天然氣行業特殊固定的ISO/TS 29001[2]和API Q1[3]規范，或者包含質量管理體系審核總要求的ISO 9001[4]。
合同可以規定制造商應對產品與本標準所有適用要求的符合性負責。為確保符合性，制造商應允許購方進行任何必要的調查，并允許購方拒收任何不合格的材料。
3 規范性引用文件
下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本文件。
GB/T 8650—2015 管線鋼和壓力容器鋼抗氫致開裂評定方法（NACE TM0284：2011，MOD）
GB/T 8923.1-2011 涂覆涂料前鋼材表面處理 表面清潔度的目視評定 第1部分：未涂覆過的鋼材表面和全面清除原有涂層后的鋼材表面的銹蝕等級和處理等級（ISO 8501-1：2007，IDT）
GB/T 18253-2000 鋼及鋼產品檢驗文件的類型（eqv ISO 10474：1991）
GB/T 19348.1-2014 無損檢測 工業射線照相膠片 第1部分：工業射線照相膠片系統的分類（ISO 11699-1：2008，MOD）
GB/T 23901.1-2009 無損檢測 射線照相底片像質 第1部分：線型像質計 像質指數的測定（ISO 19232-1：2004 IDT）
SY/T 6423.2-2013 石油天然氣工業 鋼管無損檢測方法 第2部分：焊接鋼管焊縫縱向和/或橫向缺欠的自動超聲檢測（ISO 10893-11：2011，IDT）
SY/T 6423.3-2013 石油天然氣工業 鋼管無損檢測方法 第3部分：焊接鋼管用鋼帶/鋼板分層缺欠的自動超聲檢測（ISO 10893-9：2011，IDT）
SY/T 6423.4-2013 石油天然氣工業 鋼管無損檢測方法 第4部分：無縫和焊接鋼管分層缺欠的自動超聲檢測（ISO 10893-8：2011，IDT）
SY/T 6423.5-2014 石油天然氣工業 鋼管無損檢測方法 第5部分：焊接鋼管焊縫缺欠的數字射線檢測（ISO 10893-7：2011 IDT）
SY/T 6423.6-2014 石油天然氣工業 鋼管無損檢測方法 第6部分：無縫和焊接（埋弧焊除外）鐵磁性鋼管縱向和/或橫向缺欠的全周自動漏磁檢測（ISO 10893-3：2011，IDT）
ISO 148-1 金屬材料 夏比擺錘沖擊試驗 第1部分：試驗方法（Metallic materials-Charpy pendulum impact test04-Part 1：Test method）
ISO 404 鋼和鋼產品 一般交貨技術條件（Steel and steel products-General technical delivery requirements）
ISO 2566-1 鋼 伸長率換算 第1部分：碳鋼和低合金鋼（Steel-Conversion of elongation val-?ues-Part 1：Carbon and low alloy steels）
ISO 4885 鋼鐵產品 熱處理 詞匯（Ferrous products-Heat treatments-Vocabulary）
ISO 6506（全部） 金屬材料 布氏硬度試驗（Metallic materials-Brinell hardness test）
ISO 6507（全部）金屬材料 維氏硬度試驗（Metallic materials-Vickers hardness test）
ISO 6508（全部）金屬材料 洛氏硬度試驗（Metallic materials-Rockwell hardness test）
ISO 6892-1 金屬材料 拉伸試驗 第1部分：室溫試驗方法（Metallic materials-Tensile testing-Part 1：4Method of test at room temperature）
ISO 6929 鋼產品 定義和分類（Steel products-Vocabulary）
ISO 7438 金屬材料 彎曲試驗（Metallic materials-Bencl test）
ISO 7539-2 金屬和合金腐蝕 應力腐蝕試驗 第2部分：彎梁試樣制備和使用（Corrosion of metals and alloys-Stress corrosion testing-Part 2：Preparation and use of bentbeam specimens）
ISO 8491 金屬材料 管（全截面） 彎曲試驗[Metallic materials-Tube（in full section）-Bend test]
ISO 8492 金屬材料 管 壓扁試驗（Metallic materials-Tube-Flattening test）
ISO 9712 無損檢測 人員資質和評定（Non-destructive testing-Qualiication and certiication of NDT personnel）
ISO/TR 9769 鋼和鐵 現有分析方法評價（Steel and iron-Review of available methods of analysis）
ISO 10893-2：2011 鋼管無損檢測 第2部分：無縫鋼管和焊接（埋弧焊除外）鋼管缺欠的自動渦流檢測[Non-destructive testing of steel tubes-Part 2：Automated eddy current testing of seamless and welded（except submerged arc-welded）steel tubes for the detection of imperfections]
ISO 10893-4 鋼管無損檢測 第4部分：焊接鋼管焊縫表面缺欠的液體滲透檢驗（Non-
destructive testing of steel tubes-Part 4：Liquid penetrant inspection of seamless and welded steel tubes for the detection of surface imperfections
ISO 10893-5 鋼管無損檢測 第5部分：無縫鋼管和焊接鋼管表面缺欠的磁粉檢驗（Non-destruc-tive testing of steel tubes-Part 5：Magnetic particle inspection of seamless and welded ferromagnetic steel tubes for the detection of surface imperfections）
ISO 10893-6 鋼管無損檢測 第6部分：焊接鋼管焊縫缺欠的射線檢測（Non-destructive testing of steel tubes-Part 6：Radiographic testing of the weld seam of welded steel tubes for the detection of imperfections）
ISO 10893-10: 2011 鋼管無損檢測 第10部分：無縫鋼管和焊接（埋弧焊除外）鋼管縱向和/或橫向缺欠的自動全周向超聲檢測[Non-destructive testing of steel tubes—Part 10: Automated full peripheral ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded （except submerged are-welded） steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal and/or transverse imperfections]
ISO 10893-12 鋼管無損檢測 第12部分: 無縫鋼管和焊接（埋弧焊除外）鋼管的自動全周向超聲壁厚檢測[Non-destructive testing of steel tubes—Part 12: Automated full peripheral ultrasonic thickness testing of seamless and welded （except submerged arc-welded） steel tubes]
ISO 11484 鋼產品 無損檢驗（NDT）人員的雇主評定體系[Steel products—Employer’s qualification system for non-destructive testing （NDT） personnel]
ISO 12135 金屬材料 準靜態斷裂韌度的統一試驗方法 （Metallic materials—United method of
test for the determination of quasistatic fracture toughness）
ISO 13678 石油和天然氣工業 套管、油管和管線鋼管螺紋脂的評價和試驗 （Petroleum and natural gas industries—Evaluation and testing of thread compounds for use with casing, tubing, line pipe and drill stem elements）
ISO 14284 鋼和鐵 化學成分試驗試樣的取樣和制備 （Steel and iron—Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition）
ISO 80000-1: 2009 量和單位 第1部分：總則 （Quantities and units—Part 1: General）
API Spec 5BD 套管、油管和管線管螺紋的加工、測量和檢驗規范（美國慣用單位制） （Specification for Threading, Gauging, and Thread Inspection of Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe Threads）
API RP5L3 套管、油管和管線鋼管用螺紋脂的推薦作法 （Recommended Practice on Thread
Compounds for Casing, Tubing, Line Pipe, and Drill Stem Elements）
API RP5L3 管線鋼管落錘撕裂試驗推薦作法 （Recommended Practice for Conductiong Drop-Weight Tear Tests on Line Pipe）
API TR 5T1 缺欠術語 （Standard on Imperfection Terminology）
ASNT SNT-TC-1A2） SNT-TC-1A推薦作法 無損檢測 （Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A—Non-Destructive Testing）
ASTM A3703） 鋼產品力學性能試驗的標準試驗方法和定義 （Standard Test Methods and Deinitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products）
ASTM A435 鋼板直射法超聲檢驗規范 （Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic
Examination of Steel Plates）
1） American Petroleum Institute （美國石油學會）, 1220 L Street，N.W., Washington, DC 20005, USA.
2） American Society for Nondestructive Testing （美國無損檢驗學會）, 1711 Arlingate Lane，Columbus, OH 43228-0515, USA.
3） ASTM International （美國試驗與材料協會）, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA.
ASTM A578/A578M 特殊用途用普通鋼板和復合鋼板直射法超聲檢驗標準規范 （Sumdard Specification for Straight—Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applications）
ASTM A751 鋼產品化學分析用標準試驗方法、作法和術語 （Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products）
ASTM A941 鋼、不銹鋼、合金和鐵合金術語 （Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys）
ASTM A956 鋼產品里氏硬度標準試驗方法 （Standard Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel Products）
ASTM A1038超聲波接觸阻抗法便攜式硬度儀測試硬度的標準作法 （Standard Test Method for Portable Hardness Testing by the Ultrasonic Contact Impedance Method）
ASTM E18 金屬材料洛氏硬度和洛氏表面硬度標準試驗方法 （Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials）
ASTM E94 射線檢驗標準指南 （Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination）
ASTM E110 便攜式硬度儀測試金屬材料壓痕硬度的標準方法 （Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Portable Hardness Testers）
ASTM E114 接觸式超聲脈沖回波直射法檢驗的標準作法 （Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse—Echo Straight—Beam Contact Testing）
ASTM E164 焊接件的接觸式超聲檢測標準作法 （Standard Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Weldments）
ASTM E165 液體滲透標準試驗方法 （Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for
General Industry）
ASTM E213 金屬管超聲檢驗標準作法 （Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing）
ASTM E273 焊管焊接區域超聲檢測標準作法 （Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone of Welded Pipe and Tubing）
ASTM E309 鋼管產品磁飽和渦流檢驗標準作法 （Standard Practice for Eddy—Current Examination of Sled Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation）
ASTM E384 金屬材料努氏硬度和維氏硬度標準試驗方法 （Standard Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials）
ASTM E570 鐵磁性鋼管產品漏磁檢驗標準作法 （Standard Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Tubular Products）
ASTM E587 接觸式超聲斜射法檢測標準作法 （Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam
Contact Testing ）
ASTM E709 磁粉檢驗標準指南 （Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing）
ASTM E747 射線檢驗用線型像質計 （IQI）的設計、制造和材料組分類標準作法[Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators （IQI） Used for Radiology]
ASTM E1290 裂紋尖端張開位移 （CTOD）斷裂韌性測量的標準測試方法[Standard Test Method for Crack-Tip Opening Displacement （CTOD） Facture Toughness Measurement]
ASTM E1806 鋼鐵化學成分檢驗用試樣的取樣方法 （Standard Practice for Sampling Steel andiron for Determination of Chemical Composition）
ASTM E1815-08 工業射線檢驗膠片系統分類的標準試驗方法 （Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography）
ASTM E2033 計算機射線檢測標準作法（光敏發光法）[Standard Practice for Computed
Radiology （Photostimulable Luminescence Method）]
ASTM E2698 用數字檢測器陣列進行射線檢測的標準作法 （Standard Practice for Radiological Examination Using Digital Detector Arrays）
ASTM G39 彎曲梁應力腐蝕試驗試樣制備和使用的標準方法 （Standard Practice for Preparation and Use of Bent —Beam Stress—Corrosion Test Specimens）
BS 7448-14） 斷裂韌性試驗 確定金屬材料Klc、臨界CTOD、臨界J值的方法 （Fracture
mechanics toughness tests—Method for determination of Klc, critical CTOD and critical J values of metallic materials）
EN 10204: 2004 金屬產品檢驗文件類型 （Metallic products—Types of inspection documents）
NACK TM0177: 20055） 金屬在H2S環境中抗硫化物應力開裂和應力腐蝕開裂的實驗室試驗
（Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulide Stress Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking in H2S Environments）
注：由于部分引用的國外標準已被轉化制定為我國國家標準和行業標準，為方便使用和參考附錄L列出了這些國外標準與國內標準的對應關系（包括標準編號、發布年號、版本和采標程度）。如我國標準同步等同采用了國外標準，則可用我國標準代替引用的國外標準。
4 術語和定義
ISO 6929或ASTM A941（有關鋼產品）、ISO 4885或ASTM A941（有關熱處理）、API TR 5T1（有關缺欠術語）、ISO 404、GB/T 18253—2000或ASTM A370（有關取樣方法、檢驗和檢驗文件類型，選適用標準）界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。
4.1
依照協議as agreed
由制造商和購方雙方協商形成的要求，且已在訂貨合同中注明。
注：例如7.2a）包括的條款。
4.2
軋制狀態 as-rolled
未進行任何特殊軋制和/或熱處理的交付狀態。
4.3
鋼帶（卷）/鋼板對頭焊縫 coil/plate end weld
將鋼帶（卷）或鋼板端部連接在一起的焊縫。
4.4
冷擴徑鋼管 cold-expanded pipe
指在工場環境溫度下，用內部擴張機械裝置，或將鋼管置于封閉模中通過內部靜水壓壓力使整根鋼管外徑或周向尺寸獲得永久增加的鋼管。
4.5
冷定徑鋼管 cold-sized pipe
指在丁廠環境溫度下，成型（包括EW定徑）后，整根或部分長度鋼管外徑或周向尺寸獲得永久增加或永久減少的鋼管。
4） BSI, British Standards Institute （英國標準學會）, 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL, United Kingdom.
5） NACE International （美國腐蝕工程師協會）, P.O.Box 201009, Houston, Texas 77216-1009, USA.
4.6
冷精整 cold finishing
永久應變大于1.5%的冷加工操作（通常為冷拔）。
注：該永久應變量通常將冷精整與冷擴徑和冷定徑區分出來。
4.7
冷成型 cold forming
不用加熱將鋼帶或鋼板成型為鋼管的工藝。
4.8
連續爐焊 （CW） continuous welding
通過在爐子里加熱鋼帶且用機械力將成型的邊緣壓在一起，形成接縫的工藝。期間連續不斷地將鋼帶卷連接在一起，持續地為焊機提供鋼帶。
4.9
組合焊 （COW）管 combination welded pipe
采用熔化極氣體保護焊和埋弧焊組合工藝制造的帶有一或兩條點焊縫或一條螺旋焊縫的鋼管產品，在焊接過程眾，熔化極氣體保護焊縫未完全被埋弧焊道熔化。
4.10
螺旋縫組合焊 （COWH）管 combination helical welded pipe
采用熔化極氣體保護焊和埋弧焊組合工藝制造的帶有一條螺旋焊縫的鋼管產品，在焊接過程中，熔化極氣體保護焊縫未完全被埋弧焊道熔化。
4.11
直縫組合焊 （COWL）管 combination longitudinal welded pipe
采用熔化極氣體保護焊和埋弧焊組合工藝制造的帶有一或兩條直焊縫的鋼管產品，在焊接過程中，熔化極氣體保護焊縫未完全被埋弧焊道熔化。
4.12
組合焊 （COW）縫 combination welding seam
采用熔化極氣體保護焊和埋弧焊組合工藝焊成的直焊縫或螺旋焊縫，在焊接過程中，熔化極氣體保護焊縫未完全被埋弧焊道熔化。
4.13
連續爐焊 （CW）管 continuous welded pipe
采用連續爐焊工藝制造的帶有一條直焊縫的鋼管產品。
4.14
子帶（卷） daughter coil
通過切、割、或剪的方式從母帶（卷）上截取的鋼帶（卷）的一部分，該母帶（卷）可用于制造單根或多根鋼管。
4.15
子板 daughter plate
通過切、割、或剪的方式從母板上截取的鋼板的一部分，該母板可用于制造單根或多根鋼管。
4.16
缺陷 defect
尺寸和/或分布密度超出本標準規定的驗收極限的缺欠。
4.17
電（阻）焊 （EW） electric welding
借助電的阻力焊接形成焊縫的工藝。其待焊邊緣通過機械加壓焊接在一起，焊接熱量由感應電流
或傳導電流流動的阻力產生。
4.18
電（阻）焊 （EW）管 electric welded pipe
采用低頻或高頻電焊工藝制造的帶有一條直焊縫的鋼管產品。
4.19
電（阻）焊 （EW）縫 electric welded seam
采用電焊工藝焊成的點焊縫。
4.20
藥芯焊絲電弧焊 flux core arc welding
利用管狀金屬電極中的藥芯提供保護，借助該連續填充金屬電極與工件之間的電弧熱，使金屬結合的焊接工藝。
注：在某些情況下，需要用外部提供的氣體或混合氣體獲得補充保護。
4.21
熔化極氣體保護焊 gas metal-arc welding
通過連續自消耗的電極與工件之間—個或多個電弧進行加熱，從而形成金屬結合的一種焊接工藝由外部提供的氣體或混合氣體對電弧和熔化金屬進行保護。
注：不用加壓且填充金屬來自電極。
4.22
熔煉爐 heat
一次熔煉工藝一次循環所生產的金屬。
4.23
高頻焊 （HFW）管 high-frequency welded pipe
采用頻率等于或大于70 kHz的焊接電流焊接成的EW管。
4.24
如果協議if agreed
如經制造商和購方雙方協商，并在訂購合同中注明的已確定要求或比已確定要求更嚴格的要求。
注：例如包含在7.2c）中的相關條款
4.25
缺欠 imperfection
用本標準所述的檢查方法檢驗出來的產品壁厚內部或表面的不連續成不規則。
4.26
指示 indication
通過無損檢驗獲得的證據。
4.27
資料性要素 informative elements
用于識別本文件，介紹其內容，對其產生背景、發展過程、與其他文件的關系進行說明的要素；或用于幫助對本文件的理解或使用而提供的附加信息要素。
注：見ISO /IEC導則第2部分。
4.28
檢驗 inspection
測量、檢查、試驗、稱重或測定產品的一個或多個特性的活動，幾將這些活動的結果與規定要求進行對比，以確定符合性。
注：參見ISO 404。
4.29
設備校準 instrument standardization
將無損檢驗設備調整到規定參照值的活動。
4.30
對接鋼管 jointer
制造商將兩根或三根單根管用接箍連接或焊接而形成的鋼管。
4.31
鋼包精煉 ladle refining
澆鑄前進行的首次煉鋼過程后的二次煉鋼工藝，通過脫氣，脫硫及去除非金屬夾雜物，并控制夾雜物的形狀等多種方法提高鋼的質量。
4.32
分層 lamination
內部金屬分離形成的片層，通常與鋼管表面平行。
4.33
激光焊 （LW） laser welding
采用激光束小孔焊接技術使待焊邊緣的金屬熔化，并使其焊接在一起的工藝。待焊邊緣是否預熱均可。采用外部提供的氣體或混合氣體進行保護。
4.34
低頻焊 （LFW）管 low frequency electric welded pipe
采用頻率小于70 kHz的焊接電流焊接成的電焊（EW）管。
4.35
激光焊 （LW）管 laser welded pipe
采用激光焊焊接工藝制造的帶有一條焊縫的鋼管產品。
4.36
制造商 manufacturer
根據本標準的要求，負責生產產品且對產品做標志的工廠、公司或社團。
注1: 如適用，制造商也可是鋼管制造廠、加工方、接箍成螺紋的加工廠。
注2: 參見ISO 11961[5]。
4.37
母帶（卷） mother coil
采用單個再熱鋼坯加工的熱軋鋼帶（卷），可用來生產單根或多根鋼管。
4.38
母板 mother plate
采用單個再熱鋼坯加工的熱軋鋼板，可用來生產單根或多根鋼管。
4.39
無損檢驗（測）non-destructive inspection （testing）/NDT
采用本標準規定的射線、超聲或其他方法而使缺欠能顯現出來的檢驗，該檢驗方法不對材料組織產生干涉、施加應力、破壞。
4.40
正火成型 normalizing formed
鋼管的交貨狀態，形成于成型過程，在此過程中最終變形在一定的溫度范圍內進行，使材料的狀態與經正火處理后材料的狀態相當，使得在隨后進行的任何正火中，仍能滿足規定力學性能要求。
4.41
正火軋制 normalizing rolled
鋼管的交貨狀態，形成于軋制過程，在此過程中最終變形在一定的溫度范圍內進行，使材料的狀態與經正火處理后材料的狀態相當，使得在隨后進行的任何正火中，仍能滿足規定力學性能要求。
4.42
規范性要素 normative elements
用于描述文件范圍的要素，并作為本標準所要求的補充條款。
注：見ISO/IEC導則第2部分。
4.43
無縫管管體 SMLS pipe body
對于無縫管，指整根鋼管。
4.44
焊管管體 welded pipe body
對于焊管，指不包括焊縫和熱影響區的整根鋼管。
4.45
鋼管等級 pipe garde
表明鋼管強度水平的名稱。
注：同一等級的鋼管可能具有不同的化學成分和/或不同的熱處理狀態。
4.46
制管廠 pipe mill
操作制管設備的工廠、公司或社團。
注：參見ISO 11960[6]。
4.47
加工方 processor
對制管廠生產的鋼管進行熱處理加工的工廠、公司或社團。
注：參見ISO 11960[6]。
4.48
產品分析 product analysis
鋼管、鋼板或鋼帶（卷）的化學分析。
4.49
購方 purchaser
負責確定產品訂貨要求且為所購產品付款的一方。
4.50
淬火加回火 quenching and tempering
由淬火硬化和隨后進行的回火組成的熱處理工藝。
4.51
試塊 sample
為制取一個或多個式樣，從待檢驗產品上截取的足夠數量的材料。
4.52
埋弧焊（SAW） submerged-are welding
通過一個或數個裸金屬自耗電極與工作之間的一個或數個電弧，對電極與工作加熱而產生金屬熔融結合的焊接工藝。由一層粒狀焊劑為電弧和熔融金屬提供保護。
注：不需加壓，且填充金屬部分或全部從電極獲得。
4.53
埋弧焊（SAW）管 submerged-are welded pipe
采用埋弧焊接工藝制造的帶有一條或兩條直焊縫，或一條螺旋焊縫的鋼管。
4.54
螺旋縫埋弧焊（SAWH）管 submerged-are helical welded pipe
采用埋弧焊接工藝制造的帶有一條螺旋焊縫的鋼管。
4.55
直縫埋弧焊（SAWL）關 submerged-are longitudinal welded pipe
采用埋弧焊接工藝制造的帶有一條或兩條直焊縫的鋼管。
4.56
埋弧焊（SAW）縫 submerged-are welding seam
采用埋弧焊接工藝焊成的直焊縫或螺旋焊縫。
4.57
無縫（SMLS）管 seamless pipe
采用熱成型工藝制造的不帶焊縫的鋼管，在熱成型后，可以進行冷定徑或冷精整，以獲得需要的外形、尺寸及性能。
4.58
服役條件 service condition
由購方在訂貨合同中規定的鋼管使用條件。
注：在本標準中，術語“酸性服役”和“海上服役”指服役條件。
4.59
焊條電弧焊（SMAW） shielded metal arc welding
利用包覆金屬電極與工件之間的電弧熱加熱電極和工件，使金屬融熔結合的焊接工藝，電極包覆物體的分解物為電弧和融熔金屬提供保護。
注：不需加壓，分解物來自金屬電極。
4.60
定位焊縫 tack weld
在最終焊接前，用來保持對接邊緣對齊的間斷或連續的焊縫。
4.61
試樣 test piece
具有規定尺寸的試塊的一部分，經機加工或非機加工方法，使其滿足試驗所要求的條件。
4.62
試驗批 test unit
采用同一熔煉爐，在相同鋼管制造條件下，通過相同制管工藝，采用相同熱軋工藝的鋼帶（卷）/鋼板（適用于焊管），制成的相同規定外徑和規定壁厚的規定數量的鋼管。
4.63
熱機械成型 thermomechanical forming
鋼管的一種熱成型工藝，指鋼管最終變形在一定溫度范圍內完成，使得材料具有單獨采用熱處理無法達到或重視的某些性能。形變后進行冷卻，有可能會增加冷卻速率，進行或不進行包括自回火的回火處理。
警告——隨后溫度高于580℃（1075℉）的加熱會降低鋼管強度值。
4.64
熱機械軋制 thermomechanical rolled
鋼管的交貨狀態來源于熱機械軋制的鋼帶（卷）或鋼板，在此過程中最終變形在一定的溫度范圍內進行，使材料具有單獨采用熱處理無法獲得或重現的某些性能，形變后進行冷卻，有可能會增加冷卻速率，進行或不進行包括自回火的回火處理。
警告——隨后溫度高于580℃（1075℉）的加熱會降低鋼管強度值。
4.65
咬邊 undercut
焊縫金屬在鄰近焊趾的母材上形成的凹槽和未充滿。
4.66
除另有協議外 unless otherwise agreed
使用的要求，除制造商和購方雙方協商由替代要求并在訂貨合同中規定外。
注：例如7.2b）和7.2c）包括的相關條款。
4.67
焊管 welded pipe
連續爐焊（CW）管、螺旋縫組合焊（COWH）管、直縫組合焊（COWL）管、電（阻）焊（EW）管、高頻焊（HFW）管、低頻焊（LFW）管、激光焊（LW）管、螺旋縫埋弧焊（SAWH）管或直縫埋弧焊（SAWL）管。
5 符號和縮略語
5.1 符號
下列符號適用于本文件。
α 鋼帶（卷）/鋼板對頭焊縫的長度
At 斷裂后的延伸率，以百分數表示，且圓整到最鄰近的百分數
Agb 導向彎曲試驗陽模/輥子的尺寸，用mm（in）表示
Al 鋼管的內橫截面積，用mm2（in2）表示
Ap 管壁的橫截面積，用mm2（in2）表示
AR 端部密封柱塞的橫截面積，用mm2（in2）表示
AXC 適用的拉伸試驗試樣的橫截面積，用mm2（in2）表示
b 承載面的制定寬度，用mm（in）表示
B 導向彎曲試驗模壁或支架之間的距離，用mm（in）表示
C 常數，取決于使用的單位制
CEHW 碳當量，采用國際焊接學會公式確定
CEpcm 碳當量，采用Ito-Bessyo碳當量公式的化學部分確定
d 鋼管的計算內經，用mm（in）表示
D 鋼管規定外徑，用mm（in）表示
Da 定徑后制造商的設計外徑，用mm（in）表示
Db 定徑前制造商的設計外徑，用mm（in）表示
f 頻率，以Hz表示（每秒周期數）
Kv 全尺寸夏比V型缺口吸收能，用J（ft?lbf）表示
L 鋼管長度，用m（ft）表示
N1 規定最小長度，接箍尺寸，用mm（in）表示
P 靜水壓試驗壓力，用Mpa（psi）表示
PR 端部密封柱塞內壓，用MPa（psi）表示
Q 接箍尺寸規定的凹槽直徑，用mm（in）表示
r 半徑，用mm（in）表示
ra 導向彎曲試驗陽模半徑，用mm（in）表示
rb 導向彎曲試驗陰模半徑，用mm（in）表示
ro 鋼管外半徑，用mm（in）表示
Rm 抗拉強度，用MPa（psi）表示
Rp0.2 屈服強度（0.2%非比例伸長），用MPa（psi）表示
Rt0.5 屈服強度（0.5%總延伸），用MPa（psi）表示
St 定徑率
S 靜水壓試驗環向應力，用MPa（psi）表示
t 鋼管規定壁厚，用mm（in）表示
tmin 鋼管最小允許壁厚，用mm（in）表示
U 規定最小抗拉強度，用MPa（psi）表示
Vt 橫向超聲速率，以m/s（ft/s）表示
W 規定外徑接箍尺寸，用mm（in）表示
ε 應變
λ 波長，用m（ft）表示
ρ1 平端鋼管單位長度質量，用kg/m（lb/ft）表示
σb 管線鋼管設計環向應力，用MPa（psi）表示
5.2 縮略語
下列縮略語適用于本文件。
COW 制造時，對鋼管實施的組合焊接工藝
COWH 制造時，對鋼管實施的組合螺旋焊接工藝
COWL 制造時，對鋼管實施的組合直縫焊接工藝
CTOD 裂紋尖端張開位移
CVN 夏比V型缺口
CW 制造時，對鋼管實施的爐焊工藝
DWT 落錘撕裂
EDI 電子數據交換
EW 制造時，對鋼管實施的電阻焊或電感應焊接工藝
GMAW 熔化極氣體保護電弧焊工藝
HAZ 熱影響區
HBW 采用鎢類硬質合金球壓頭的布氏硬度
HFW 制造時，對鋼管實施的高頻焊接工藝
HIC 氫致開裂
HRC 洛氏硬度，C標尺
HV 維氏硬度
IQI 像質計
LFW 制造時，對鋼管實施的低頻焊接工藝
LW 制造時，對鋼管實施的激光焊接工藝
MT 磁粉檢測
NDT 無損檢驗（測）
PSL 產品規范水平
PT 滲透檢測
SAW 制造時，對鋼管實施的埋弧焊接工藝
SAWH 制造時，對鋼管實施的螺旋埋弧焊接工藝
SAWL 制造時，對鋼管實施的直縫埋弧焊接工藝
SMAW 制造時，對鋼管實施的焊條電弧焊
SI 國際單位
SSC 硫化物應力開裂
SWC 階梯開裂
TFL 過出油管
USC 美國慣用
UT 超聲監測
6 鋼管等級、鋼級和交貨狀態
6.1 鋼管等級和鋼級
6.1.1 PSL1鋼管的鋼管等級與鋼級（鋼名的牌號）相同，且應符合表1規定。鋼管等級由字母或字母與數字混排的牌號構成，以識別鋼管的強度水平，而且強度水平與鋼的化學成分有關。
注：鋼級A和鋼級B牌號不包括規定最小屈服強度；然而，其他牌號中的數字部分對應于用MPa表示的規定最小屈服強度（SI單位）；或用×1000psi表示的規定最小屈服強度（USC單位，向上圓整），后綴P表示鋼含有規定含量的磷。
6.1.2 PSL2鋼管的鋼管等級應符合表1規定。鋼管等級由字母或字母與數字混排的牌號構成，以識別鋼管的強度水平。鋼名（表示為鋼級牌號）與鋼的化學成分有關，其后綴的單個字母（R、N、Q或M）表示鋼管的交貨狀態（見表3）。
注1：鋼級B牌號不包括規定最小屈服強度的參考值；其他牌號中的數字部分對應于SI單位或USC單位的規定最小屈服強度。
注2：酸性服役條件見H.4.1.1。
注3：海上服役條件見J.4.1.1。
6.2 交貨狀態
6.2.1 對每一訂貨批，除訂貨合同規定了特殊的交貨狀態外，PSL1鋼管的交貨狀態應由制造商選擇。表1給出了PSL1和PSL2鋼管的交貨狀態，表3給出了PSL2鋼管的附加信息。
6.2.2 PSL2鋼管的交貨狀態應符合訂貨合同中鋼名所規定的狀態。
