標準編號:	GB/T 16508.1-2022
中文名稱:	鍋殼鍋爐 第1部分：總則
英文名稱:	Shell boilers—Part 1: General requirements
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
發布機構:	國家市場監督管理總局 國家標準化管理委員會
發布日期:	2022-03-09
實施日期:	2022-10-1
標準狀態:	valid
替代舊標準:	GB/T 16508.1-2013 鍋殼鍋爐 第1部分：總則
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	19000 字
翻譯價格(元):	1100.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

Shell boilers — Part 1: General requirements 1 Scope 1.1 This document specifies the general technical requirements for the range, rated parameters, design and calculation, fabrication and inspection, installation and operation, performance test, energy conservation and environmental protection of shell boilers. 1.2 This document is applicable to the fixed shell boilers within the following range: a) Steam boilers with a rated steam pressure of larger than or equal to 0.1 MPa; b) Hot water boilers with a rated outlet pressure of larger than or equal to 0.1 MPa and rated thermal power of larger than or equal to 0.1 MW. 1.3 Once-through boilers and heat recovery boilers containing shell boiler elements shall be subjected to this document. 1.4 This document is not applicable to the following equipment: a) Movable shell boilers; b) Cooling devices for the cooling requirements of equipment and process flow. 1.5 This document may be used as a reference to fixed shell boilers with rated pressure of less than 0.1 MPa. 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 753 Steam condition series for utility boilers GB/T 1921 Parameters for industrial steam boilers GB/T 2900.48 Electrotechnical terminology of boilers GB 3095 Ambient air quality standard GB 3096 Environmental quality standards for noise GB/T 3166 Parameters for hot water boilers GB 4053 (all parts) Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform GB 8978 Integrated wastewater discharge standard GB/T 10180 Thermal performance test code for industrial boilers GB/T 10863 Thermal test method for gas pass heat recovery boiler GB 12348 Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary GB 13271 Emission standard of air pollutants for boiler GB/T 16507.3 Water-tube boilers — Part 3: Structure design GB/T 16507.4 Water-tube boilers — Part 4: Strength calculation of pressure parts GB/T 16508.2 Shell boilers — Part 2: Materials GB/T 16508.3 Shell boilers — Part 3: Design and strength calculation GB/T 16508.4 Shell boilers — Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and acceptance GB/T 16508.5 Shell boilers — Part 5: Safety appurtenances and instruments GB/T 16508.6 Shell boilers — Part 6: Combustion systems GB/T 16508.7 Shell boilers — Part 7: Installation GB/T 16508.8 Shell boilers — Part 8: Operation GB/T 22395 Specification for design of boiler steel structures GB 24500 Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades of industrial boilers GB/T 28056 General specification for gas pass heat recovery boiler JB/T 2192 Specification for square cast-iron economizer JB/T 2932 Specification for water treatment equipments JB/T 6735 Calculation method of strength of boiler hanger rod JB/T 7985 Specification for small type boilers and atmospheric hot water boilers JB/T 8501 Boiler soot blowers and thermoprobe JB/T 9618 Design criteria for interior devices of industrial boiler drum JB/T 10325 Specification for boiler deaerator JB/T 10393 Specification for electric boilers NB/T 47034 Specification for industrial boilers NB/T 47040 Man-hole or hand-hole of boiler set NB/T 47049 Technical specification for the manufacture of tubular air preheaters NB/T 47051 Specification for industrial boiler control devices NB/T 47062 Biomass molded fuel fired boilers NB/T 47066 Thermal performance test method for condensing boiler 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.48 and the following apply. 3.1.1 shell boiler boiler in which the evaporating heating surface is mainly set in the shell, the burning flame or flue gas is in the tube and the working substance flows outside the tube ? 3.1.2 boiler proper whole boiler composed of boiler shell steam-water separator, heating surface, header and its connecting tube, furnace, combustion equipment, air preheater, furnace wall, flue (air) duct, framework (including platform and escalator), etc. 3.1.3 pressure element element subjected to pressure of internal or external working substance Note: A pressure element is the basic unit to compose boiler pressure component. 3.1.4 pressure component relatively independent component composed of several pressure elements in a boiler system Note: Pressure components include boiler shell, furnace liner, reversal chamber, header, water wall, economizer, energy saver, condenser and superheater. 3.1.5 non-pressure element element not subjected to pressure of working substance Note: Non-pressure elements include load-bearing and non-load-bearing elements, and load-bearing non-pressure elements include tension braces, supports (hangers) and fasteners. 3.1.6 safety appurtenance appliance or device for protecting boiler from operating beyond design conditions 3.1.7 instrument device for displaying or measuring alone or together with other equipment 3.1.8 rated pressure pressure of working substance at the boiler outlet that shall be guaranteed during long-term continuous operation within the specified feed water pressure and load range, i.e. the rated working pressure or rated outlet pressure marked on the nameplate of the boiler 3.1.9 rated temperature temperature of working substance at the boiler outlet that shall be guaranteed during long-term continuous operation under the specified design conditions, i.e. the rated steam temperature or rated outlet water temperature marked on the nameplate of the boiler 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. Rm——the lower limit of standard tensile strength of material at room temperature, MPa; ReL(Rp0.2)——the standard yield strength of material at room temperature, MPa; ——the yield strength of material at design temperature, MPa; ——the endurance strength of material at design temperature (105h), MPa; ——the creep strength of material at design temperature (1×10-5%/h), MPa; θ——the quality coefficient of cast steel. 4 Responsibilities 4.1 User unit The user unit shall determine the technical requirements of the boiler according to various factors related to the service conditions, and provide the manufacturer with the following conditions for design and fabrication in written form: a) The construction standards determined in consultation with the manufacturer; b) The main parameters and fuel characteristics of the boiler shall be given according to the design requirements, and other requirements shall be proposed. 4.2 Manufacturer The manufacturer shall ensure that the boiler meets the reasonable requirements of the user. It shall be responsible for implementing the requirements of this document, and meets the following requirements: a) Design the boiler according to the requirements of the user according to the principles of safety, energy conservation and environmental protection, and ensure that the energy efficiency and emission of the boiler in normal service meet the requirements of laws and regulations and of the user unit; b) Establish and operate a quality system effectively, and be responsible for the quality of boiler products designed and fabricated; c) Guarantee the correctness and completeness of the design documents, and the traceability of changes to the design documents; d) Provide the corresponding technical data to the user unit according to the requirements of GB/T 16508.4, when the boiler leaves the factory. 4.3 Installation unit The responsibilities of the installation unit are as follows: a) Boilers shall be installed according to the technical requirements of installation instructions provided by manufacturer and relevant requirements of GB/T 16508.7. b) The installation unit shall be responsible for the quality of its installation and construction.

Foreword i Introduction iv 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 4 Responsibilities 5 Range and typical structural type of boiler 6 Rated parameters of boiler 7 Design and calculation 8 Fabrication and inspection 9 Installation and operation 10 Performance test 11 Energy conservation and environmental protection Appendix A (Informative) Typical structural types of boiler Bibliography

鍋殼鍋爐第1部分：總則 1 范圍 1.1 本文件規定了鍋殼鍋爐范圍、鍋爐額定參數、設計與計算、制造與檢驗、安裝與運行、性能試驗、節能與環保等方面的通用技術要求。 1.2 本文件適用于以下范圍的固定式鍋殼鍋爐： a) 額定蒸汽壓力大于或等于0.1MPa的蒸汽鍋爐； b) 額定出水壓力大于或等于0.1MPa且額定熱功率大于或等于0.1MW的熱水鍋爐。 1.3 包含鍋殼鍋爐元件的貫流式鍋爐、余熱鍋爐等按本文件執行。 1.4 本文件不適用于以下設備： a) 移動式鍋殼鍋爐； b) 為滿足設備和工藝流程冷卻需要的冷卻裝置。 1.5 額定壓力小于0.1MPa的固定式鍋殼鍋爐可參照本文件。 2 規范性引用文件 下列文件的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件。不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB／T 753 電站鍋爐 蒸汽參數系列 GB／T 1921 工業蒸汽鍋爐參數系列 GB／T 2900.48 電工名詞術語 鍋爐 GB 3095 環境空氣質量標準 GB 3096 聲環境質量標準 GB／T 3166 熱水鍋爐參數系列 GB 4053(所有部分) 固定式鋼梯及平臺安全要求 GB 8978 污水綜合排放標準 GB／T 10180 工業鍋爐熱工性能試驗規程 GB／T 10863 煙道式余熱鍋爐熱工試驗方法 GB 12348 工業企業廠界環境噪聲排放標準 GB 13271 鍋爐大氣污染物排放標準 GB／T 16507.3 水管鍋爐 第3部分：結構設計 GB／T 16507.4 水管鍋爐 第4部分：受壓元件強度計算 GB／T 16508.2 鍋殼鍋爐 第2部分：材料 GB／T 16508.3 鍋殼鍋爐 第3部分：設計與強度計算 GB／T 16508.4 鍋殼鍋爐 第4部分：制造、檢驗與驗收 GB／T 16508.5 鍋殼鍋爐 第5部分：安全附件和儀表 GB／T 16508.6 鍋殼鍋爐 第6部分：燃燒系統 GB／T 16508.7 鍋殼鍋爐 第7部分：安裝 GB／T 16508.8 鍋殼鍋爐 第8部分：運行 GB／T 22395 鍋爐鋼結構設計規范 GB 24500 工業鍋爐能效限定值及能效等級 GB／T 28056 煙道式余熱鍋爐通用技術條件 JB／T 2192 方型鑄鐵省煤器技術條件 JB／T 2932 水處理設備技術條件 JB／T 6735 鍋爐吊桿強度計算方法 JB／T 7985 小型鍋爐和常壓熱水鍋爐技術條件 JB／T 8501 鍋爐吹灰器和測溫探針 JB／T 9618 工業鍋爐鍋筒內部裝置設計導則 JB／T 10325 鍋爐除氧器技術條件 JB／T 10393 電加熱鍋爐技術條件 NB／T 47034 工業鍋爐技術條件 NB／T 47040 鍋爐人孔和手孔裝置 NB／T 47049 管式空氣預熱器制造技術條件 NB／T 47051 工業鍋爐控制裝置技術條件 NB／T 47062 生物質成型燃料鍋爐 NB／T 47066 冷凝鍋爐熱工性能試驗方法 3 術語、定義和符號 3.1 術語和定義 GB／T 2900.48界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。 3.1.1 鍋殼鍋爐 shell boiler 蒸發受熱面主要布置在鍋殼內，燃燒的火焰或煙氣在管內而工質在管外流動的鍋爐。 3.1.2 鍋爐本體 boiler proper 由鍋殼汽水分離器、受熱面、集箱及其連接管道，爐膛、燃燒設備、空氣預熱器、爐墻、煙(風)道、構架(包括平臺和扶梯)等所組成的整體。 3.1.3 受壓元件 pressure element 承受內部或外部工質壓力作用的元件。 注：受壓元件是構成鍋爐受壓部件的基本單元。 3.1.4 受壓部件 pressure component 在鍋爐系統中由若干個受壓元件組成的相對獨立的部件。 注：受壓部件包括鍋殼、爐膽、回燃室、集箱、水冷壁、省煤器、節能器、冷凝器和過熱器等。 3.1.5 非受壓元件 non-pressure element 不承受工質壓力作用的元件。 注：非受壓元件包括承受載荷的和不承受載荷的元件，承受載荷的非受壓元件包括拉撐件、支吊件和緊固件等。 3.1.6 安全附件 safety appurtenance 用于保護鍋爐設備，防止鍋爐超過設計條件運行的器件或裝置。 3.1.7 儀表 instrument 單獨地或連同其他設備一起用來進行顯示或測量的裝置。 3.1.8 額定壓力 rated pressure 在規定的給水壓力和負荷范圍內長期連續運行時應予保證的鍋爐出口的工質壓力，即鍋爐銘牌上標注的額定工作壓力或額定出口壓力。 3.1.9 額定溫度 rated temperature 在規定的設計條件下長期連續運行應予保證的鍋爐出口工質溫度，即鍋爐銘牌上標注的額定蒸汽溫度或額定出水溫度。 3.2 符號 下列符號適用于本文件。 Rm——材料標準室溫抗拉強度下限值，單位為兆帕(MPa)； ReL(Rp0.2)——材料標準室溫屈服強度，單位為兆帕(MPa)； ——材料設計溫度下的屈服強度，單位為兆帕(MPa)； ——材料設計溫度下的持久強度(105h)，單位為兆帕(MPa)； ——材料設計溫度下的蠕變強度(1×10－5％／h)，單位為兆帕(MPa)； θ——鑄鋼質量系數。 4 責任 4.1 使用單位 使用單位應根據各種與使用狀況有關的因素，確定鍋爐的技術要求，以書面形式向制造單位提供設計、制造所需要的以下條件： a) 與制造單位協商確定的建造標準； b) 根據設計需要給定鍋爐的主要參數、燃料特性等，提出所需的其他要求。 4.2 制造單位 制造單位應保證鍋爐符合使用單位的合理要求，對執行本文件的要求負有責任，并符合以下要求： a) 根據安全、節能和環保的原則，按使用單位的需求進行設計，并確保鍋爐在正常使用時的能效和排放符合法規和使用單位的要求； b) 應建立質量體系并有效運行，對所設計和制造的鍋爐產品質量負責； c) 應保證設計文件的正確性和完整性，且設計文件的更改應有可追溯性； d) 鍋爐出廠時，應按GB／T 16508.4的要求向使用單位提供相應的技術資料。 4.3 安裝單位 安裝單位的責任如下： a) 鍋爐安裝應符合鍋爐制造單位提供的安裝說明書的技術要求和GB／T 16508.7的相關規定； b) 安裝單位應對其安裝施工質量負責。 5 鍋爐范圍和鍋爐典型結構型式 5.1 鍋爐范圍 5.1.1 概述 本文件所指的鍋爐范圍包括鍋爐本體、范圍內管道、安全附件和儀表、輔助設備(輔機)及系統等。鍋爐本體見3.1.2的界定，鍋爐范圍內管道、安全附件和儀表輔助設備(輔機)及系統見5.1.2～5.1.4的界定。 5.1.2 鍋爐范圍內管道 5.1.2.1 蒸汽鍋爐范圍內管道包括給水、蒸汽管道。設置分汽缸的鍋爐，從給水泵出口起，到分汽缸出口與外部管道連接界面以內的承壓管道；不設置分汽缸的鍋爐，從給水泵出口起，到鍋爐主蒸汽出口閥.以內(不含閥門)的承壓管道。鍋爐范圍內管道如圖1a)所示。 5.1.2.2 熱水鍋爐范圍內管道包括給水、熱水管道。設置分水缸、回水缸的鍋爐，從給水泵出口起，到分水缸出口與外部管道連接界面以內的承壓管道，以及回水缸進口與鍋爐連接界面以內的承壓管道；不設置分水缸、回水缸的鍋爐，從給水泵出口起，到鍋爐主熱水出口閥以內(不含閥門)的承壓管道，以及循環水泵出口與鍋爐連接界面以內的承壓管道。鍋爐范圍內管道如圖1b)所示。