標準編號:	GB/T 16507.4-2022
中文名稱:	水管鍋爐 第4部分：受壓元件強度計算
英文名稱:	Water-tube boilers—Part 4: Strength calculation of pressure parts
中標分類:	J98    鍋爐及其輔助設備
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
ICS分類:	27.060.30 27.060.30    鍋爐和熱交換器 27.060.30
發布機構:	國家市場監督管理總局 國家標準化管理委員會
發布日期:	2022-03-09
實施日期:	2022-10-1
標準狀態:	valid
替代舊標準:	GB/T 16507.4-2013 水管鍋爐 第4部分：受壓元件強度計算
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	46000 字
翻譯價格(元):	3220.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

Water-tube boilers - Part 4: Strength calculation of pressure parts English 1 Scope This document specifies the basic requirements for strength calculation of pressure elements of water-tube boilers, the design and calculation methods of allowable stress, calculated wall temperature, calculation pressure, weakening coefficient, element thickness, required thickness, opening reinforcement, additional thickness and maximum allowable pressure, the additional stress check, the structural restrictions and requirements, as well as the test and finite element analysis verification methods for determining the maximum allowable working pressure of elements. This document is applicable to the pressure elements defined in GB/T 16507.1, including boiler drum, start-up (steam-water) separator drum, header drum, tube, pipe, bend, elbow, circular header drum, convex head, flat end cover, cover plate and tee. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute indispensable provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 150.3 Pressure vessels - Part 3: Design GB/T 16507.1 Water-tube boilers - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 16507.2 Water-tube boilers - Part 2: Materials GB/T 16507.3 Water-tube boilers - Part 3: Structure design GB/T 16507.5 Water-tube boilers - Part 5: Fabrication GB/T 16507.6 Water-tube boilers - Part 6: Inspection, testing and acceptance GB/T 16507.7 Water-tube boilers - Part 7: Safety appurtenances and instruments GB/T 16507.8 Water-tube boilers - Part 8: Installation and operation DL/T 695 Steel butt-welding fittings for power plant DL/T 5366 Technical code for stress calculating of steam/water piping in power plant 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 16507.1 as well as the following apply. 3.1 corrosion allowance thickness additional thickness required for corrosion thickness reduction of elements during the design service life 3.2 required thickness thickness of pressure element determined by theoretical calculation equation Note: If necessary, the thickness required by other loads shall also be taken into account. 3.3 design thickness sum of required thickness and additional thickness 3.4 nominal thickness thickness obtained by rounding the design thickness up to the steel standard specification Note: It is the thickness marked on the drawing. 3.5 effective thickness thickness obtained by deducting the corrosion allowance thickness, lower tolerance of thickness and process additional thickness from the nominal thickness 3.6 lower tolerance of thickness absolute value of negative lower tolerance of thickness specified in material standard Note: If no negative value is available, it shall be taken as 0. 3.7 process additional thickness maximum reduction in material thickness allowed by the manufacturing process during stamping, rolling or bending of elements 3.8 minimum required thickness minimum thickness required by elements bearing loads such as calculation pressure and calculation temperature, taking into account corrosion thickness reduction factors 3.9 hot extrusion tee straight or drum tee formed with seamless steel pipe through hot extrusion by multiple dies 3.10 straight tee tee with a straight main channel Note: Generally, the diameter of branch pipe is not greater than that of main pipe. 3.11 drum tee tee with a drum-shaped main channel Note: It is formed by forging and shrinking the main pipe section of equal straight tee, and the diameter of branch pipe thereof is usually greater than that of main pipe. 3.12 vertical section plane passing through the axis of rotation of the main pipe and the intersection between the mean diameter arc surface of the main pipe and the axis of rotation of the nozzle or opening 3.13 cross section plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the main pipe and passing through the intersection between the mean diameter arc surface of the main pipe and the axis of rotation of the nozzle or opening 4 Basic requirements 4.1 The structure, materials, fabrication, installation, use, repair and transformation of boiler pressure elements designed and calculated according to this document shall meet the relevant requirements of GB/T 16507.1, GB/T 16507.2, GB/T 16507.3, GB/T 16507.5, GB/T 16507.6, GB/T16507.7 and GB/T16507.8. 4.2 For boilers of units whose parameters such as peak load fluctuate greatly or frequently, the pressure elements shall be subjected to fatigue strength check. The fatigue strength check of boiler drum shall be carried out according to Annex A, and the fatigue strength check of start-up (steam-water) separator may also be carried out according to Annex A. 4.3 The maximum allowable working pressure of the special pressure elements that do not meet the applicable conditions specified in all clauses of this document or are not included in this document shall be determined according to Annex B. 5 Allowable stress 5.1 Symbols For the purpose of this clause, the following symbols apply: qmax——the maximum heat flux that the element bears, kW/m2; η——the correction coefficient; [σ]——the allowable stress, MPa. 5.2 Selection of allowable stress 5.2.1 The allowable stress ([σ]) of the pressure element material shall be selected according to GB/T 16507.2. The allowable stress of the material between the listed calculation temperatures shall be determined by the allowable stress of the adjacent calculation temperature by arithmetic interpolation, with the decimal number omitted. 5.2.2 The allowable stress ([σ]) of the boiler drum, header drum, tee and equal-diameter Y-tube with heated outer wall shall be the product of the allowable stress of the material and the correction coefficient (η) in Table 1.

Foreword i Introduction iv 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Basic requirements 5 Allowable stress 6 Calculated wall temperature 7 Calculation pressure 8 Weakening coefficient 9 Element thickness 10 Required thickness 11 Opening reinforcement 12 Additional thickness 13 Maximum allowable pressure 14 Additional stress check 15 Structural restrictions and requirements Annex A (Normative) Calculation of low-cycle fatigue life of boiler drum Annex B (Normative) Test and finite element analysis verification methods for determining the maximum allowable working pressure of elements Annex C (Normative) Value of design additional pressure (Δpa) Annex D (Informative) Value of process additional thickness Annex E (Informative) Approximation algorithm for bending section modulus (Wx1) of opening weakened section Bibliography

水管鍋爐 第4部分：受壓元件強度計算 1 范圍 本文件規定了水管鍋爐受壓元件強度計算的基本要求，許用應力、計算壁溫、計算壓力、減弱系數、元件厚度、計算厚度、開孔補強、厚度附加量、最高允許壓力的設計計算方法，附加應力校核以及結構限制和要求，并規定了確定元件最高允許工作壓力的試驗和有限元分析驗證方法。 本文件適用于GB／T 16507.1界定的受壓元件，包括鍋筒筒體、啟動(汽水)分離器筒體、集箱筒體、管子、管道、彎管、彎頭、圓弧形集箱筒體、凸形封頭、平端蓋及蓋板和三通等元件。 2 規范性引用文件 下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB／T 150.3 壓力容器 第3部分：設計 GB／T 16507.1 水管鍋爐 第1部分：總則 GB／T 16507.2 水管鍋爐 第2部分：材料 GB／T 16507.3 水管鍋爐 第3部分：結構設計 GB／T 16507.5 水管鍋爐 第5部分：制造 GB／T 16507.6 水管鍋爐 第6部分：檢驗、試驗和驗收 GB／T 16507.7 水管鍋爐 第7部分：安全附件和儀表 GB／T 16507.8 水管鍋爐 第8部分：安裝與運行 DL／T 695 電站鋼制對焊管件 DL／T 5366 發電廠汽水管道應力計算技術規程 3 術語和定義 GB／T 16507.1界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。 3.1 腐蝕裕量 corrosion allowance thickness 設計使用期內，元件考慮腐蝕減薄需要的附加厚度。 3.2 計算厚度 required thickness 理論計算公式確定的受壓元件厚度。 注：必要時，計算厚度還計入其他載荷所需厚度。 3.3 設計厚度 design thickness 計算厚度與厚度附加量之和。 3.4 名義厚度 nominal thickness 設計厚度向上圓整至鋼材標準規格的厚度。 注：即圖樣標注厚度。 3.5 有效厚度 effective thickness 名義厚度減去腐蝕裕量、鋼材厚度下偏差和工藝附加厚度后的厚度。 3.6 厚度下偏差 lower tolerance of thickness 材料標準規定的厚度允許下偏差負值的絕對值。 注：無負值取0。 3.7 工藝附加厚度 process additional thickness 元件在沖壓、卷制或彎制過程中制造工藝所允許的材料厚度最大減薄值。 3.8 最小需要厚度 minimum required thickness 元件承載計算壓力、計算溫度等載荷，并考慮腐蝕減薄因素所需厚度的最小值。 3.9 熱擠壓三通 hot extrusion tee 用無縫鋼管經多套模具熱擠壓成型的直型或鼓型三通。 3.10 直型三通 straight tee 主流通道呈直線形的三通。 注：通常支管直徑不大于主管。 3.11 鼓型三通 drum tee 主流通道呈鼓型的三通。 注：由等徑直型三通主管段經鍛縮而成，通常支管直徑大于主管。 3.12 縱截面 vertical section 過主管回轉軸線，且過主管平均直徑圓弧面與接管或孔的回轉軸線相交點的平面。 3.13 橫截面 cross section 與主管回轉軸線垂直，且過主管平均直徑圓弧面與接管或孔的回轉軸線相交點的平面。 4 基本要求 4.1 按本文件設計計算的鍋爐受壓元件，其結構、材料、制造、安裝、使用、修理及改造，應符合GB／T 16507.1、GB／T 16507.2、GB／T 16507.3、GB／T 16507.5、GB／T 16507.6、GB／T 16507.7和GB／T 16507.8的有關規定。 4.2 用于調峰負荷等參數波動較大、或波動較頻繁的機組的鍋爐，其受壓元件應進行疲勞強度校核。鍋筒的疲勞強度校核按照附錄A進行計算，啟動(汽水)分離器的疲勞強度校核也可按照附錄A進行計算。 4.3 不滿足本文件正文各章條規定適用條件或未列入本文件的特殊受壓元件，按照附錄B確定元件的最高允許工作壓力。 5 許用應力 5.1 符號 本章使用下列符號： qmax——元件承受的最大熱流密度，單位為千瓦每平方米(kW／m2)； η——修正系數； [σ]——許用應力，單位為兆帕(MPa)。 5.2 許用應力的取用 5.2.1 受壓元件的材料許用應力([σ])，應按GB／T 16507.2選取，處于所列計算溫度之間的材料許用應力值，由鄰近計算溫度的許用應力值，按算術內插法確定，并應舍去小數。 5.2.2 外壁受熱的鍋筒、集箱筒體、三通和等徑叉形管的許用應力([σ])應取材料許用應力值與表1修正系數(η)的乘積。 表1 修正系數 工作條件 η 煙溫≤600℃，或透過管束的輻射熱流不大且筒體壁面不受煙氣的強烈沖刷，或qmax≤30 kW／m2 0.95 煙溫＞600℃ 0.90 6 計算壁溫 6.1 符號 本章使用下列符號： J——熱流均流系數； pr——鍋爐額定壓力，單位為兆帕(MPa)； qmax——元件外壁承受的最大熱流密度，單位為千瓦每平方米(kW／m2)； tb——金屬壁溫，單位為攝氏度(℃)； td——計算壁溫，單位為攝氏度(℃)； ti——金屬內壁溫度，單位為攝氏度(℃)； tm——工質額定平均溫度，單位為攝氏度(℃)； to——金屬外壁溫度，單位為攝氏度(℃)； ts——計算壓力對應的工質飽和溫度(熱水鍋爐為出口水溫)，單位為攝氏度(℃)； Δt——溫度偏差，單位為攝氏度(℃)； X——工質混合系數； αh——內壁對工質的換熱系數，單位為千瓦每平方米每攝氏度[kW／(m2·℃)]； β——按名義厚度確定的外徑與內徑的比值； δ——圓筒體的名義厚度，單位為毫米(mm)； λ——材料導熱系數，單位為千瓦每米每攝氏度[kW／(m·℃)]。 6.2 金屬壁溫 受壓元件的各點金屬壁溫按照公式(1)計算： (1) 6.3 元件計算壁溫 6.3.1 計算壁溫(td)應取受壓元件各點金屬壁溫中的最大值。 6.3.2 計算壁溫(td)根據元件受熱條件和結構特性由傳熱計算確定。圓筒體計算壁溫按照公式(2)計算： (2) 6.3.3 工質混合系數(X)：鍋筒筒體取0；管子取1；集箱筒體取0.5，當工質從端部進入時，取0。 6.3.4 集箱筒體和管子的Δt取值不小于10℃；不受熱過熱蒸汽集箱筒體的XΔt取值不小于10℃。 6.3.5 鍋筒筒體和集箱筒體的熱流均流系數(J)取1。 6.3.6 鍋筒的工質額定平均溫度(tm)取計算壓力下工質的飽和溫度(熱水鍋爐為出口水溫)。