標準編號:	GB/T 10827.5-2013
中文名稱:	工業車輛 安全要求和驗證 第5部分：步行式車輛
英文名稱:	Industrial trucks―Safety requirements and verification―Part 5:Pedestrian-propelled trucks
中標分類:	J83    倉儲設備、裝卸機械
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
ICS分類:	53.060 53.060    工業車輛 53.060
發布機構:	中華人民共和國國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局 中國國家標準化管理委員會
發布日期:	2013-12-31
實施日期:	2014-7-1
標準狀態:	superseded
被新標準替代:	GB/T 10827.5-2023 工業車輛 安全要求和驗證 第5部分：步行式車輛
被替代日期:	2024-6-1
作廢日期:	2024-06-01
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	33000 字
翻譯價格(元):	1980.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

1 Scope This part of GB 10827 gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for the following types of pedestrian-propelled trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks), equipped with load-handling devices for normal industrial duties, e.g. fork arms and platforms, or integrated attachments for special applications: - pedestrian-propelled straddle stackers, - pallet stackers, - industrial trucks with capacities not exceeding 1 000 kg with manual or electrical battery-powered lifting, - low-lift pallet trucks with lift height up to 300 mm and rated capacity up to 2 300 kg, - scissor-lift pallet trucks with lift heights up to 1 000 mm or rated capacity up to 1 000 kg with manual or electrical battery-powered lifting. It is applicable to trucks provided with either manual or electrical battery-powered lifting, operating on smooth, level, hard surfaces. Note: On-board battery chargers are considered to be part of the truck. Attachments mounted on the load-carrier or on the fork arms which are removable by the user are not considered to be part of the truck. This part deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the applicable machines when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). It does not establish the additional requirements for a) climatic conditions, b) operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as freezer applications, high temperatures, corrosive environments, strong magnetic fields), c) electromagnetic compatibility (emission/immunity), d) handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal, acids/alkalis, radiating materials, especially brittle loads), e) handling suspended loads which may swing freely handling, f) use on public roads, g) direct contact with foodstuffs, h) operation on gradients or on surfaces other than smooth, level, hard surfaces, i) lifting systems using belts, j) lifting of persons, k) trucks with overturning moment greater than 40 000 N·m, l) scissor-lift trucks whose lifting is powered by external means (electric, pneumatic), m) roll containers, (returnable container); n) trucks that are intended to be towed by powered vehicles, o) trucks designed for special applications (e.g. hospitals, restaurant trolleys), p) winch-operated trucks, q) mobile lifting tables. Hazards relevant to noise, vibration and visibility are not significant and are not dealt with in this part. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2328 Fork-Lift Trucks - Hook-on Type Fork Arms and Fork Arm Carriages - Mounting Dimensions ISO 3287 Powered Industrial Trucks - Symbols for Operator Controls and Other Displays ISO 5053 Powered Industrial Trucks - Terminology ISO 12100-1 Safety of Machinery-Basic Concepts, General Principles for Design-Part 1:Basic Terminology, Methodology ISO 12100-2 Safety of Machinery-Basic Concepts, General Principles for Design-Part 2: Technical Principles ISO 13857 Safety of Machinery - Safety Distances to Prevent Hazard Zones Being Reached by Upper and Lower Limbs ISO 15870 Powered Industrial Trucks - Safety Signs and Hazard Pictorials - General Principles ISO 20898 Industrial Trucks - Electrical Requirements 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053 and ISO 12100-1, and the following apply. 3.1 stacker truck masted truck without tilt, with load-bearing outriggers, equipped with fork arms, a platform or other load-handling device, designed to be manually pushed, pulled and steered by one pedestrian operator Note: The load can be raised by either manual means or battery power. 3.1.1 straddle stacker stacking truck with outriggers, equipped with fork arms that are located between the outriggers 3.1.2 pallet stacker stacking truck where the fork arms extend over the outriggers 3.2 pallet truck truck with wheels supporting lifting fork arms for handling pallets, designed to be manually pushed, pulled and steered, on a smooth, level, hard surface by a pedestrian operator using an articulated tiller and designed to raise a load by pumping the tiller to a height 3.3 pedestrian-propelled industrial scissor-lift pallet truck truck without a mast, with three or more wheels and with two fork arms or a platform, with a scissor lifting mechanism, a wheel base that varies with the lift height and lateral stabilizers, designed to be manually pushed, pulled and steered by one pedestrian operator using an articulated tiller 3.4 actual capacity maximum load in kilograms, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and truck stability, which the truck can carry, lift and stack to a specified height, at a specified load centre distance and reach, if applicable, in normal operation Note: The actual capacity depends on the configuration of the truck in terms of such variables as the type and lift height of the mast fitted, the actual load centre and any attachments that may be fitted. Additional capacity ratings with removable attachments can also be established where permitted by the appropriate stability tests or by calculation using empirical data (formulae). 3.5 rated capacity of removable attachments maximum load in kilograms, which the attachment is capable of handling in normal operating conditions at the load centre distance as specified by the manufacturer of the attachment Note: For determination, see Annex B. 3.6 rated capacity (of a stacker truck) maximum load in kilograms given by the manufacturer, based on component strength and truck stability, that the truck can carry, lift and stack to a standard lift height, at a standard load centre in normal position Note 1: Where a truck does not lift to the standard lift height, H, it is given a rated capacity at its maximum lift height. For determination, see Annex B. Note 2: The rated capacity is used to compare the capacity of different manufacturers' trucks and to provide the break points used in technical standards and statistics. It gives the load that the truck type is capable of transporting or lifting under the above conditions. The safe operating limits for the truck are defined by its actual capacity (see ISO 3691-1). 3.7 normal operating position position in which the operator shall be able to control all functions for load handling as defined by the manufacturer 3.8 normal operation intended use for which the truck is designed, according to the manufacturer's specification and defined in the instruction handbook 4 List of Significant Hazards This list contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they deal with this part, identified by risk assessment of industrial trucks and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk. Table 1 List of Significant Hazards No. Type or group/origin Potential consequences Corresponding requirement 1 Mechanical hazards -Acceleration, deceleration (kinetic energy) - Machinery mobility - Moving elements - Rotating elements -Being run over -Being thrown - Crushing -Drawing-in or trapping - Impact 5.2 Propelling, steering 5.3.1 Load-handling controls - General 5.3.2 Control with a device on the tiller 5.3.3 Control with a device not located on the tiller 5.4.3.1 Limitation of stroke 5.4.3.6 Failure of energy supply of hydraulic circuit 5.4.6.1 Disengagement of the attachment 5.5 Parking brake 5.11.2 Electrical systems and equipment 6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures 7 Information for use - Angular parts - Approach of a moving element to a fixed part - Crushing parts - Sharp edges - Crushing - Cutting or severing - Drawing-in or trapping - Entanglement - Shearing - Stabbing or puncture 5.2 Propelling, steering 5.8 Protection against crushing, shearing and entanglement points 5.9 Edges and angles 5.10 Protective devices 6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures 7 Information for use -Falling objects -Crushing -Impact 5.4.1 Chain system 5.4.2 Wire rope system 5.4.3.1 Limitation of stroke 5.4.3.2 Natural descent 5.4.3.4 Hydraulic circuit 5.4.3.5 Lowering speed limitation 5.4.4 Fork arms and platforms - Stacker trucks only 5.4.5 Fork carriers - Stacker trucks only 5.4.6 Load handling attachments - Stacker trucks only 5.6 Stability 5.7 Lateral stabilizers 5.10.4 Pallet handling 5.12 Lifting points 6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures 7 Information for use -High pressure -Injection 5.4.3.3 Pressure relief valves 5.4.3.4 Hydraulic circuit 6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures 7 Information for use -Stability -Being thrown -Crushing -Impact 5.6 Stability 5.7 Lateral stabilizers 5.12 Lifting points 6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures 7 Information for use 2 Electrical hazards -Arc - Electromagnetic phenomena - Electrostatic phenomena -Live parts - Not enough distance from live parts under high voltage - Overload - Parts which have become live under fault conditions - Short-circuit - Thermal radiation - Burn - Chemical effects - Electrocution - Falling, being thrown - Fire -Projection of molten particles -Shock 5.11.2 Electrical systems and equipment 6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures 7 Information for use 3 Thermal hazards - Explosion - Flame -Radiation from heat sources - Burn -Dehydration -Discomfort -Injuries by the radiation of heat sources - Scald 5.11.2 Electrical systems and equipment 6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures 7 Information for use 4 Noise hazards No origin of this kind of hazard in industrial trucks covered by these specifications 5 Vibration hazards No origin of this kind of hazard in industrial trucks covered by these specifications 6 Radiation hazards No origin of this kind of hazard in industrial trucks covered by these specifications 7 Material/substance hazards - Combustible - Explosive - Flammable -Fluid - Fume -Gas -Breathing difficulties, suffocation -Cancer -Corrosion -Effects on reproductive capability -Explosion - Fire -Infection -Mutation - Poisoning - Sensitization 5.4.3.4 5.10.2 5.11.2 6 7 Hydraulic circuit Glass guards or screens Electrical systems and equipment Verification of safety requirements and/or measures Information for use 8 Ergonomic hazards - Access - Design or location of indicators and visual display units - Design, location or identification of control devices -Effort - Local lighting - Mental overload/underload - Posture - Repetitive activity - Visibility -Discomfort -Fatigue -Musculoskeletal disorder -Stress -Any other (e.g. mechanical, electrical) as a consequence of human error 5.2 Propelling, steering 5.3 Load-handling controls 5.11.1 Lifting 5.11.2 Electrical systems and equipment 6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures 7 Information for use 9 Hazards associated with environment in which the machine is used -Dust and fog -Electromagnetic disturbance -Lightning -Moisture -Temperature -Water -Lack of oxygen - Burn - Slight disease - Slipping, falling - Suffocation - Any other as a consequence of the effect caused by the sources of the hazards on the machine or parts of the machine 7 Information for use 10 Combination of hazards E.g. repetitive activity + effort + high environmental temperature E.g. dehydration, loss of awareness, heat stroke 7 Information for use 5 Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures 5.1 General Trucks shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In addition, the truck shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100 for relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document. 5.2 Propelling, steering 5.2.1 Push/pull handles Push/pull handle(s), either vertical or horizontal, and/or a tiller shall be provided to allow the operator to push, pull and steer the truck and, where applicable, lift the load. The force shall be measured and be within the limits defined in Annex A. 5.2.2 Tiller The tiller shall be provided with a handle of the closed loop type or otherwise designed to ensure lateral protection of the operator's hands. The hand grips shall be of an enclosed cross-section or a similar structure with an outside diameter of 25 mm~35 mm and provide a minimum span of 120 mm for each hand. The height of the tiller handle (dimension a) shall conform to the dimensions shown in Figures 1 to 7. When pulling, the horizontal distance between the end of the tiller and the front of the wheel (dimension b in Figures 3, 5, and 7) shall be more than 500 mm, the handle axis being positioned within 700 mm to 1 000 mm height. The tiller shall automatically return to the upper rest position when released.

Foreword i Introduction iii 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Definitions 4 List of Significant Hazards 5 Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures 6 Verification of Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures 7 Information for Use Annex A (Normative) Method for Measurement of Forces, F Annex B (Normative) Rated Capacity Bibliography

1 范圍 GB 10827的本部分規定了下列類型的步行式車輛(以下簡稱“車輛”)的安全要求及其驗證方法，此類車輛在正常工業用途時配備有載荷搬運裝置，如貨叉和平臺，或在特殊應用時的整體式屬具： ——插腿式叉車； ——托盤堆垛車； ——起重量不大于1 000 kg的手動或電動(蓄電池為動力)起升的其他工業車輛； ——起升高度不大于300 mm且額定載重量不大于2 300 kg的低起升托盤搬運車； ——起升高度不大于1 000 mm或額定起重量不大于1 000 kg的手動或電動(蓄電池為動力)剪叉式起升托盤搬運車。 本部分亦適用于手動或電動起升的，可在堅實、平整、水平和鋪好的路面上操作的其他車輛。 注：車載電池充電器被認為是車輛的一部分。安裝在承載架或貨叉上的可拆卸式屬具不屬于車輛的一部分。 本部分涉及有關機械在預期用途下使用和在制造商可預見的條件下誤用的所有重大危險、危險狀態和危險事件(見第4章)。 本部分不包括下列情況可能發生危險的附加要求： a)氣候條件； b)在惡劣條件下操作(如冰凍、高溫、腐蝕、強磁場等極端環境條件)； c)電磁兼容性(發射/抗擾性)； d)搬運可能會導致危險狀態的貨物(如熔融金屬、酸/堿、輻射性物質、特別是易碎物品)； e)搬運能自由擺動的懸吊載荷； f)在公共道路上使用； g)直接與食物接觸； h)在斜坡或不平坦的堅硬路面上操作； i)使用皮帶的起升裝置； j)人員起升； k)車輛的傾覆力矩大于40 000 N·m； l)以外接動力(電動、氣動)驅動起升的剪叉式起升車輛； m)罐車(通用容器)； n)使用機動車牽引的車輛； o)用于特殊用途的車輛(如醫院或餐館用小車)； p)帶卷揚裝置的車輛； q)移動式升降臺。 噪聲、振動和視野不屬于重大危險，在本部分中不涉及。 2規范性引用文件 下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 ISO 2328叉車 掛鉤型貨叉和貨叉架 安裝尺寸(Fork-lift trucks—Hook-on type fork arms and fork arm carriages—Mounting dimensions) ISO 3287機動工業車輛 駕駛員控制裝置及其他顯示裝置用符號(Powered industrial trucks—Symbols for operator controls and other displays) ISO 5053機動工業車輛 術語(Powered industrial trucks—Terminology) ISO 12100-1機械安全 基本概念與設計通則 第1部分：基本術語和方法(Safety of machinery—Basic concepts，general principles for design—Part 1：Basic terminology，methodology) ISO 12100-2機械安全 基本概念與設計通則 第2部分：技術原則(Safety of machinery—Basic concepts，general principles for design—Part 2：Technical principles) ISO 13857 機械安全 防止上下肢觸及危險區的安全距離(Safety of machinery—Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs) ISO 15870機動工業車輛 安全標志和危險圖示 通則(Powered industrial trucks—Safety signs and hazard pictorials—General principles) ISO 20898工業車輛 電氣要求(Industrial trucks—Electrical requirements) 3術語和定義 ISO 5053和ISO 12100-1界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。 3.1 堆垛叉車 stacker truck 帶有外伸支腿和不傾斜門架，配備貨叉、平臺或其他載荷搬運裝置，設計為由一名步行操作者用人力進行推、拉和轉向等操作的車輛。 注：載荷的起升既可以采用人力方法，也可以使用蓄電池動力。 3.1.1 插腿式叉車straddle stacker 帶有外伸支腿，其貨叉位于兩支腿之間的堆垛用起升車輛。 3.1.2 托盤堆垛車pallet stacker 貨叉位于支腿正上方的堆垛用起升車輛。 3.2 托盤搬運車pallet truck 起升貨叉由車輪支撐，用于光滑且堅硬的地面上進行作業的車輛，由一名步行操作者，通過轉向操縱桿進行手推、手拉和轉向操作，并可以通過壓動轉向操縱桿將載荷提升到一定高度。 3.3 步行剪叉式起升托盤搬運車pedestrian-propelled industrial scissor-lift pallet truck 不帶門架，具有三個或多個車輪、兩個貨叉或一個平臺、剪叉式起升裝置，且軸距隨起升高度和側向穩定裝置變化的車輛。由一名步行操作者使用鉸接式轉向操縱桿進行手推、手拉和轉向操作。 3.4 實際起重量actual capacity 由制造商根據零部件強度和車輛穩定性確定的，在正常操作條件下，在特定的載荷中心距和前移距離，車輛可搬運、起升和堆垛到特定高度的最大起重量(單位為千克)。 注：實際起重量取決于車輛的配置，如安裝門架的類型和起升高度、實際載荷中心以及其他可能安裝的屬具。帶可拆卸屬具附加的載荷曲線，可通過有關的穩定性試驗或者通過使用經驗數據(公式)來確定。 3.5 可拆卸屬具的額定起重量rated capacity of removable attachments 正常操作條件下，在屬具制造商給定的載荷中心距，屬具所能搬運(裝卸)的最大載荷(單位為千克)。 注：有關規定見附錄B。 3.6 額定起重量rated capacity <堆垛叉車>由制造商根據零部件強度和車輛穩定性確定的，在正常位置車輛載荷處于標準載荷中心，車輛可搬運、起升和堆垛到標準起升高度的最大載荷(單位為千克)。 注1：當門架的起升高度低于標準起升高度H時，則按照實際最大起升高度確定額定起重量。有關規定見附錄B。 注2：額定起重量是用來比較不同制造商所生產的車輛的能力，并提供在技術標準和統計中的依據。在上述條件下，它給出各類車輛能夠運輸或起升載荷的能力。車輛的安全操作極限是由實際載荷來確定(參見ISO 3691-1)。 3.7 正常操作位置normal operating position 操作人員能夠控制由制造商給出的所有載荷搬運功能的位置。 3.8 正常作業 normal operation 車輛根據制造商的技術參數和使用說明書規定的預定使用。 4重大危險列表 表1包含了本部分所涉及的，并被工業車輛的危險評價機構所確認的所有重大危險、危險狀態和事件，這些危險應被消除或減少。 表1 重大危險列表 序號 類型或分組/來源 潛在的后果 相應的要求 1 機械危險 ——加速、減速(動能) ——機械的機動性 ——運動部件 ——旋轉部件 ——碾壓 ——拋出 ——擠壓 ——吸入或卷入 ——碰撞 5.2 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.4.3.1 5.4.3.6 5.4.6.1 5.5 5.11.2 6 7 運行和轉向 載荷升降控制裝置——概述 載荷控制裝置安裝在舵柄上 載荷控制裝置未安裝在舵柄上 行程限位裝置 液壓回路能源供應故障 屬具脫離 停車制動 電氣系統和設備 安全要求和/或保護措施的驗證 使用信息 ——帶棱角的部件 ——運動部件與固定部件的接近 ——擠壓部件 ——銳邊 ——擠壓 ——切割或切斷 ——吸入或卷入 ——纏繞 ——剪切 ——刺傷或刺穿 5.2 5.8 5.9 5.10 6 7 運行和轉向 防止擠壓、剪切和夾住 邊和角 保護裝置 安全要求和/或保護措施的驗證 使用信息 表1(續) 序號 類型或分組/來源 潛在的后果 相應的要求 ——墜落物 ——擠壓 ——碰撞 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3.1 5.4.3.2 5.4.3.4 5.4.3.5 5.4.4 5.4.5 5.4.6 5.6 5.7 5.10.4 5.12 6 7 鏈條系統 鋼絲繩系統 行程限位裝置 自然下滑量 液壓回路 下降速度限制 貨叉和平臺——僅堆垛車 貨叉架——僅堆垛車 屬具——僅堆垛車 穩定性 側向穩定器 進、出托盤 起吊點 安全要求和/或保護措施的驗證 使用信息 ——高壓 ——噴射 5.4.3.3 5.4.3.4 6 7 安全閥 液壓回路 安全要求和/或保護措施的驗證 使用信息 ——穩定性 ——拋出 ——擠壓 ——碰撞 5.6 5.7 5.12 6 7 穩定性 側向穩定器 起吊點 安全要求和/或保護措施的驗證 使用信息 2 電氣危險 ——電弧 ——電磁現象 ——靜電現象 ——帶電部件 ——與高壓帶電部件之間無足夠距離 ——過載 ——故障條件下帶電的零件 ——短路 ——熱輻射 ——燒傷 ——化學效應 ——觸電 ——墜落、甩出 ——著火 ——熔化顆粒的射出 ——休克 5.11.2 6 7 電氣系統和設備 安全要求和/或保護措施的驗證 使用信息 3 熱危險 ——爆炸 ——火焰 ——熱源輻射 ——燒傷 ——脫水 ——熱源輻射引起的傷害 ——燙傷 5.11.2 6 7 電氣系統和設備 安全要求和/或保護措施的驗證 使用信息 表1(續) 序號 類型或分組/來源 潛在的后果 相應的要求 4 噪聲危險 本部分所述的工業車輛無此類危險來源 5 振動危險 本部分所述的工業車輛元此類危險來源 6 輻射危險 本部分所述的工業車輛無此類危險來源 7 材料/物質產生的危險 ——易燃物 ——爆炸物 ——可燃物 ——流體 ——煙霧 ——氣體 ——呼吸困難、窒息 ——癌癥 ——腐蝕 ——影響生育能力 ——爆炸 ——著火 ——感染 ——基因突變 ——中毒 ——過敏反應 5.4.3.4 5.10.2 5.11.2 6 7 液壓回路 玻璃擋板或屏風 電氣系統和設備 安全要求和/或保護措施的驗證 使用信息 8 人類工效學危險 ——通道 ——指示器和可視顯示 單元的設計或安裝位置 ——控制裝置的設計、安裝位置或識別 ——費力 ——局部照明 ——精神太緊張/注意力不足 ——姿勢 ——重復活動 ——可視性 ——不舒服 ——疲勞 ——肌肉-骨骼的疾病 ——緊張 ——其他任何認為差錯引起的后果(如機械的、電氣的) 5.2 5.3 5.11.1 5.11.2 6 7 運行和轉向 載荷升降控制裝置 起升 電氣系統和設備 安全要求和/或保護措施的驗證 使用信息 表1(續) 序號 類型或分組/來源 潛在的后果 相應的要求 9 與機器使用環境有關的危險 ——粉塵和煙霧 ——電磁干擾 ——閃電 ——潮濕 ——溫度 ——水 ——缺氧 ——燒傷 ——輕微疾病 ——滑倒、摔倒 ——窒息 ——其他任何由機器或機器零件上的危險源產生的影響 7 使用信息 10 綜合危險 如重復活動+費力+環境溫度高 如脫水、失去知覺、中暑 7 使用信息 5安全要求和/或保護措施 5.1 概述 車輛應遵循本章的安全要求和/或保護措施。此外，本部分未涉及的非重大危險，在車輛設計時應遵循ISO 12100規定的原則。 5.2運行和轉向 5.2.1推/拉手柄 應設置垂直或水平的推/拉桿和/或一個舵柄，供操作人員對車輛進行推、拉和轉向以及需要時起升載荷。應對力進行測量，其測量值應在附錄A規定的范圍內。 5.2.2舵柄 舵柄上應配有閉環型手柄或其他能確保操作人員手外側免受傷害的手柄。 握桿的橫截面是封閉環形或類似的結構，且外徑為25 mm～35 mm，單手的握桿寬度不應小于120 mm。 舵柄的高度(a)應符合圖1～圖7中所示尺寸。 拉動時，舵柄端部和車輪前面之間的水平距離(圖3、圖5和圖7中的b)應大于500 mm，握桿握心的高度在700 mm～1 000 mm之間。 釋放時，舵柄將自動返回到上止動位置。 說明： a=1 100 mm～1 300 mm。 圖1 舵柄的高度 說明： a=1 100 mm～1 300 mm。 圖2 舵柄(推) 說明： a=700 mm～1 000 mm； b≥500 mm。 圖3 舵柄(拉) 說明： a=1 100 mm～1 300 mm。 圖4舵柄(推) 說明： a=700 mm～1 000 mm； b≥500 mm。 圖5 舵柄(拉) 說明： a=1 100 mm～1 300 mm。 圖6 舵柄的高度 說明： a=700 mm～1 000 mm： b≥500 mm。 圖7 拉動時舵柄的位置 5.2.3 推/拉桿 從地面到推/拉桿中心的高度應在1 100 mm～1 300 mm之間，見圖8～圖11。 垂直推/拉桿的垂直長度不應小于300 mm，見圖9。 在推/拉桿的橫向外側和車輛側面外輪廓之間應留有最小50 mm的距離。 握桿的橫截面是封閉環形或類似的結構，且外徑為25 mm～35 mm。 說明： a=1 100 mm～1 300 mm。 圖8水平推/拉桿 說明： a≥300 mm； b=1 100 mm～1 300 mm。 圖9 垂直推/拉桿 說明： a=1 100 mm～1 300 mm。 圖10水平推/拉桿 說明： a=1 100 mm～1 300 mm。 圖11 垂直推/拉桿 5.3載荷升降控制裝置 5.3.1 概述 起升和下降控制裝置可以安裝在舵柄上，也可作為一個獨立裝置?？刂蒲b置的設計應使意外操作的風險降為最小，而且當釋放下降檔位時，它應能自動返回到中位，并停止運動。 5.3.2載荷控制裝置安裝在舵柄上 如果升降控制裝置安裝在舵柄上，其所處位置應為操縱人員在不松開舵柄握桿的情況下能實現操作。起升和中位應能保持在既選位置。下降位置在控制桿被釋放后應能自動返回到中位位置，且貨叉或平臺應停止下降。 控制桿的啟動力不應超過150 N。 當控制桿的運動在舵柄平面的平行面內時，朝著舵柄鉸接點方向推動控制桿實現起升控制，向相反方向拉動控制桿實現下降控制。見圖12。