標準編號:	GB 9274-1988
中文名稱:	色漆和清漆 耐液體介質的測定
英文名稱:	Paints and varnishes; Determination of resistance to liquids
中標分類:	G50    涂料基礎標準與通用方法
行業(yè)分類:	GB    國家標準
ICS分類:	87.040 87.040    涂料和清漆 87.040
發(fā)布機構:	國家標準局
發(fā)布日期:	1988-04-19
實施日期:	1989-1-1
標準狀態(tài):	valid
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	6000 字
翻譯價格(元):	400.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

This standard is an equivalent adoption of international standard "Paints and Varnishes-Determination of Resistance to Liquids" (ISO 2812-1974). 1 Subject Content and Application Scope This standard specifies three test methods for determining the resistance of single coating or multi-coating of paints and varnishes or painting test pieces to the action of liquids, the test methods are immersion method, absorbent medium method and spotting method. The method to be used depends on the particular requirements and coating resistance of the test material. 2 Normative References GB 912 Plain Carbon Structural Steel and Low Alloy Structural Steel Sheets Technical Conditions GB 1727 Methods of Producing Films of Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers and Related Products on Test Panels GB 1764 Methods of Test for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Paints GB 2520 Cold-reduced Electrolytic Tinplate GB 3186 Sampling Paint Products GB 3880 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Rolled Sheet GB 9271 Paints and Varnishes Standard Panels for Testing 3 Sampling It shall be carried out according to the requirements specified in GB 3186. 4 Test Pieces 4.1 Material and dimension 4.1.1 Test panel Unless otherwise specified or agreed, the test panels shall be tinplate (GB 2520): 50mm×120mm×0.2~0.3mm, steel plate (GB 912), plain carbon cold rolled steel: 50mm×120mm×0.45~0.55mm, aluminum plate (GB 3880 LY12): 50mm×120mm×1~2mm . 4.1.2 Test rod (for immersion method only) One end of each rod shall be rounded to approximate the radius of the rod itself and the other end shall have hole or ring. Unless otherwise specified, the rods shall be of steel or aluminum. Suitable dimensions for the rods are φ15mm×150mm diameter. 4.2 Preparation and coating 4.2.1 Test panel Unless otherwise specified or agreed, the test panels shall be prepared and coated in accordance with those specified in GB 9271. Generally, it is necessary for the back of the panel to be coated with a suitable protective paint or product under test, the edges of the test panel shall be sealed by suitable means. 4.2.2 Test rod Unless otherwise specified or agreed, the test rods shall be prepared and coated in accordance with those specified in GB 1727. 4.2.3 Drying the test pieces The coated test pieces shall be dried (or stoved and placed) for the specified time and, unless otherwise agreed, shall be conditioned at a temperature of 23±2℃ and a relative humidity of 50%±5%. The disposal time shall be in accordance with those specified in product standard or GB 1727. Generally, the minimum time is 16h (except drying paint).4.2.4 Determinate the thickness of coating It shall be determined according to those specified in GB 1764. 5 Test Procedure - Method A (Immersion Method) 5.1 Liquid materials for testing The test liquids shall be those specified in product standard. 5.2 Test temperature The test shall be carried out at a temperature of 23±2℃ unless otherwise specified. 5.3 Test precautions 5.3.1 It is preferable to immerse the test pieces individually in the test liquid, particularly when using liquids of high electrical conductivity in which electrolytic effects could be of some importance. 5.3.2 In certain cases, however, it may be more convenient to immerse several test pieces in a single tank; in these cases, the nature of the test pieces shall be identical and every precaution shall be taken to ensure that the test liquid is unaffected by the test pieces. 5.3.3 The test pieces shall be at least 30mm from the sides of the tank and if several pieces are immersed in the same tank they shall be at least 30mm apart. The test pieces shall be electrically insulated from their supports. 5.4 Procedure A: using a single-phase liquid 5.4.1 Place a sufficient amount of the liquid in a suitable vessel to completely or partially (2/3) immerse the test piece (rod or panel) as specified. Immerse the test piece in an approximately vertical position using suitable supports if necessary. 5.4.2 Cover the container for the duration of the test to minimize the loss of liquid by evaporation or splashing. 5.4.3 If specified, aerate, agitate or circulate the liquid. Aeration shall be carried out by means of a slow stream of air free from oil and grease. If specified, make good any liquid losses by the addition of the test liquid or distilled water at suitable intervals in order to maintain the original volume or concentration. 5.4.4 At the end of the specified immersion period, wash the test piece thoroughly in running water if an aqueous test solution has been used or with a solvent known to be non-injurious to the coating if a non-aqueous test liquid has been used. Remove any residual liquid from the surface by dabbing with a suitable absorbent paper or cloth, and examine the test piece immediately for any signs of deterioration of the coating, if necessary comparing with an identically prepared, but un-immersed, test piece. Examination and comparison shall be repeated after a recovery period if so specified. 5.4.5 If it is required to examine the substrate for signs of attack, remove the coating by the specified method. 5.5 Procedure B: using a two-phase liquid 5.5.1 Insert the coated test piece into a suitable vessel so that it rests by means of suitable supports in an approximately vertical position and, in the case of panels, the broadside is horizontal. 5.5.2 Prepare each of test liquid immediately before use. 5.5.3 Carefully pour the liquid of higher density down the side of the vessel until the test piece (rod or panel) is immersed to a depth of 60mm, unless otherwise specified. Care must be taken not to contaminate the test piece above this level. 5.5.4 Add the second liquid in the same manner until the test piece is immersed totally, unless otherwise specified. Cover the vessel and allow to stand, without agitation. 5.5.5 At the end of the specified immersion period remove the test piece from the test liquids, remove any test liquid from the surface by dabbing with a suitable absorbent paper or cloth, and examine the test piece immediately for any signs of deterioration of the coating in contact with each liquid phase. Compare it if necessary with an identically prepared but un-immersed test piece. Examination and comparison shall be repeated after a recovery period if so specified. 5.5.6 Specimens must not be removed for intermediate examination without subsequent cleaning and repetition of the immersion procedure (see Articles 5.5.1, 5.5.2 and 5.5.3). 5.5.7 If it is required to examine the substrate for signs of attack, remove the coating by the specified method.

1 Subject Content and Application Scope 2 Normative References 3 Sampling 4 Test Pieces 5 Test Procedure - Method A (Immersion Method) 6 Test Procedure - Method B (Using an Absorbent Medium) 7 Test Procedure - Method C (Spotting Method) 8 Test Report Additional Information

中華人民共和國國家標準 色漆和清漆 耐液體 介質的測定 Paints and varnishes—Determination of resistance to liquids UDC 667.6:667 .613.3 GB 9274—88 本標準等效采用國際標準ISO 2812—1974《色漆和清漆——耐液體介質的測定》。 1 主題內容與適用范圍 本標準規(guī)定了色漆和清漆的漆膜(單一涂層或復合涂層)或涂漆試件耐受液體作用的測定方法，分浸泡法、吸收性介質法、點滴法三種測試方法。使用時要由測試材料的要求和涂料耐受性來定。 2 引用標準 GB 912普通碳素結構鋼和低合金結構鋼薄鋼板 技術條件 GB 1727漆膜一般制備法 GB 1764漆膜厚度測定法 GB 2520電鍍錫薄鋼板和鋼帶 GB 3186涂料產品的取樣 GB 3880鋁及鋁合金板材 GB 9271色漆和清漆 標準試板 3取樣 按GB 3186的規(guī)定進行。 4 試件 4.1材質和尺寸 4.1.1試板 除非另有規(guī)定或商定，試板規(guī)定為馬口鐵板(GB 2520)：50mm×120mm×0.2～0.3mm，鋼板(GB 912)普通碳素冷軋鋼：50mm×120mm×0.45～0.55mm，鋁板(GB 3880 LY12)：50mm×120mm×1～2 mm1)。 采用說明： 1)ISO2812—1974規(guī)定試板100mm×150mm。 4.1.2試棒(僅適用于浸泡法) 試棒一端應當磨圓，其圓弧半徑接近棒本身的半徑，另一端有孔或環(huán)，除非另有規(guī)定，棒應為鋼的或鋁的，尺寸為φ15mm×150mm。 4.2處理和涂漆 4.2.1試板 除非另有規(guī)定或商定，應按GB 9271的規(guī)定進行。通常最好試板背面涂適當的保護涂料或受試涂料，試板的邊應以適當的方法封住。 4.2.2試棒 除非另有規(guī)定或商定，應按GB 1727的規(guī)定進行。 4.2.3試件的干燥 除非另有規(guī)定，漆膜的試件應按產品標準規(guī)定的時間和條件進行干燥(或烘烤和放置)，然后在恒溫恒濕(溫度23±2℃，相對濕度50％±5％)的條件下處置。處置時間按產品標準或按GB 1727的規(guī)定。一般最少放置16h(烘干漆例外)。 4.2.4漆膜厚度測定 按GB 1764測定厚度。 5 試驗程序——甲法(浸泡法) 5.1測試用液體材料 按產品標準規(guī)定的測試液體。 5.2測試溫度 除非另有規(guī)定，測試應在23±2℃下進行。 5.3測試注意事項 5.3.1 最好采用單獨試件浸入試液槽的方法，因為在使用高電導率的試液時，可能有電解效應存在，這樣做就顯得更必要了。 5.3.2整個試件浸入試液槽可能較為方便，但試件應是同一性質，以保證試液不受試件的影響。 5.3.3浸入的試件至少離槽內壁30mm，如果數個試件浸入同一個槽中，互相間隔至少應為30mm。試件并應與其支架絕緣。 5.4程序A：使用單相液體 5.4.1 將足夠量的試液倒入一適當容器中，以完全或部分( )浸沒規(guī)定的試件(試棒或試板)，可用適當的支架使試件以幾近垂直位置浸入。 5.4.2為減少試液由于蒸發(fā)或濺灑損失，容器要加蓋。 5.4.3如果規(guī)定鼓入空氣攪拌或循環(huán)這種液體時，鼓氣應以脫除油脂的緩慢空氣流。如有此規(guī)定，就應在適當的時間補加測試液或蒸餾水，補償液體損失，目的是保持原體積或濃度。 5.4.4當達到規(guī)定的浸泡期終點時，如果用的是水溶液，就用水徹底清洗測試件。如果是非水測試液，則用已知對涂層無損害的溶劑來沖洗，以適宜的吸濕紙或布擦拭表面除去殘留液體，并立刻檢查試件涂層變化現象，可與未浸泡試件對比，如果規(guī)定有恢復期，那么應在規(guī)定恢復期后，重復這種檢查和對比。 5.4.5如果需要檢查底材浸蝕現象，用規(guī)定方法除去涂層。 5.5程序B：使用兩相液體 5.5.1 涂漆試件以適當的支架使它幾近垂直的位置放入適當的容器中，對于試板，其寬邊為水平的。 5.5.2在使用前即時制備每種試液。 5.5.3除非另有規(guī)定，將密度大的液體自容器邊傾入，至試件(棒和板)被浸達60mm深度。操作時要小心，務必不要沾染此水平以上的試件。 5.5.4除非另有規(guī)定，以同樣方式加入第二種液體至試件全部浸沒。蓋上容器，不要攪動，讓其放置。 5.5.5達到規(guī)定的浸泡期后，自試液中取出試件，用適當的吸濕紙或布輕輕擦去表面試液，并立即檢查試件涂層與每一個液相接觸部位的變化現象。如果需要，與同樣制備的未浸泡的試件對比。如規(guī)定有恢復期，那么在所規(guī)定的恢復期后，重復此檢查與對比。 5.5.6試件中途檢查時，樣板不必取出，否則要隨即清洗并重復浸泡操作(見5.5.1、5.5.2和5.5.3條)。 5.5.7如果需要檢查底材浸蝕現象，用規(guī)定方法除去涂層。 6 試驗程序——乙法(使用吸收性介質) 6.1 試驗材料 6.1.1 吸濕盤：本身應不受測試液影響，一般情況可采用厚1.25mm、直徑25mm左右的層壓紙板。 6.1.2按產品標準規(guī)定的測試液。 6.1.3適當尺寸的表面皿。 6.2測試溫度 除非另有規(guī)定，測試應在23±2℃進行。 6.3程序 使吸濕盤浸入適當數量的試液，然后讓多余液體滴干，將盤放至試板上，使盤均勻地分布，并且至少離試板邊緣12mm。用直徑約40mm，并且曲率接觸不到圓盤的表面皿蓋上盤子，使試板在受試期(這種測試期間不應超過7 d)妥善置于無風環(huán)境中。如采用揮發(fā)性液體，就可能有必要以新浸透的圓盤加以替換(如此試驗應記錄在報告中)。 規(guī)定的試驗期后移去盤子，如果測試液是水溶液，就用水徹底清洗，如果是非水液體，則用對漆膜無損害的已知溶劑徹底清洗。用適當的吸濕紙或布沾吸去殘留液體，并立即檢查試板涂層變化現象。如規(guī)定有恢復期，達恢復期后，應重復檢查和對比。 如果需要檢查底材的浸蝕現象，按規(guī)定方法除去涂層。 7試驗程序——丙法(點滴法) 7.1 試驗材料 按產品標準規(guī)定的測試液。 7.2測試溫度 除非另有規(guī)定，測試應在23±2℃下進行。 7.3程序 將試板置于水平位置，并在涂層上滴加數滴試液，每滴體積約0.1mL，液滴中心至少間隔20mm，并且至少離試板邊緣12mm。 除非另有規(guī)定或商定，溫度維持在23±2℃，在規(guī)定時間內，使試板不受干擾，充分接觸空氣。如有規(guī)定在測試部位以適當方法覆蓋以防止過度蒸發(fā)。 達到規(guī)定期后，如果是水溶液就用水徹底清洗，如果是非水溶液，就用對涂層無損害的溶劑徹底沖洗，并立即檢查涂層的變化現象。 如果需要檢查底材的浸蝕現象，用規(guī)定的方法除去涂層。 8試驗報告 試驗報告應包括下列內容： a.受試產品的型號、名稱、批次、出廠日期及廠名； b.注明本國家標準和有關標準的標準號及標準名稱； c.測試規(guī)定的詳細說明：試件的種類及底材的性質、施工方法和試板的背面涂漆封邊細則、是單一涂層還是復合涂層、其干膜厚度、試液的詳細說明、測試方法(甲、乙、丙)的選用，如使用甲法應包括浸泡深度、是否要鼓氣、攪拌、循環(huán)以及是否保持原體積或濃度。如使用乙法要規(guī)定層壓紙板的詳細規(guī)格、圓盤替代情況。如使用丙法要規(guī)定測試部位是否要覆蓋，測試終點如何檢查，是否用放大鏡檢查，是否規(guī)定有恢復期； d.試驗詳細記錄及結論； e.試驗操作者； f.試驗日期。 附加說明： 本標準由全國涂料和顏料標準化技術委員會歸口。 本標準由西北油漆廠負責起草。 本標準主要起草人陳宗光、董淑芝、李曉蘭。