Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the China Energy Storage Alliance.
Drafting organizations of this standard: Beijing Honghui Energy Development Co., Ltd., Tsinghua University, Pinggao Group Co., Ltd., Kinetic Traction Systems, Inc., Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Engineering Thermophysice, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Corporation of China, North China Electric Power University, Shenyang Weikong Energy Co., Ltd., and Bc New Energy (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
Chief drafters of this standard: Dai Xingjian, Cui Yadong, Tian Gangling, Li Guangjun, Li Shusheng, Niu Zhehui, Zheng Jianyong, Yu Quanqing, Zhang Jianping, Tang Xisheng, Qiu Qingquan, Zhang Yanyan, Liu Yibing, Zhang Kai, Jiang Weiliang, and Qin Lijun.
This standard is issued for the first time.
General technical requirements for flywheel energy storage systems
1 Scope
This standard specifies the general requirements, performance requirements and test methods of flywheel energy storage systems (single machine).
This standard is applicable to flywheel energy storage systems suitable for flywheel energy storage application scenarios.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 7251.1-2013 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1: General rules
GB/T 12325 Power quality - Deviation of supply voltage
GB/T 12326 Power quality - Voltage fluctuation and flicker
GB/T 14549 Quality of electric energy supply - Harmonics in public supply network
GB/T 15543 Power quality - Three-phase voltage unbalance
GB/T 17626.2-2018 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test
GB/T 17626.3-2016 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity test
GB/T 17626.4-2018 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test
GB/T 17626.5-2019 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test
GB/T 17626.6-2017 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency fields
GB/T 17626.8-2006 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
GB 17799.4-2012 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Generic standards - Emission standard for industrial environments
GB/T 21413.1-2018 Railway applications - Electric equipment for rolling stock - Part 1: General service conditions and general rules
GB/T 24337 Power quality - Interharmonics in public supply network
GB/T 36548-2018 Test specification for electrochemical energy storage system connected to power grid
JB/T 5777.2 General specification for control and protection panel (cabinet and desk) of secondary circuit of power system
ISO 14839-2: 2004 Mechanical vibration - Vibration of rotating machinery equipped with active magnetic bearings - Part 2: Evaluation of vibration
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
flywheel energy storage
physical energy storage method, using the kinetic energy of a rotating body during rotation to store and release electric energy. Rotating bodies are usually coaxial flywheel rotor and motor generator rotor. When the motor is running, the motor generator accelerates the flywheel rotor and converts the input electric energy into kinetic energy for storage; when the motor generator is running, the motor generator decelerates the flywheel rotor and converts the kinetic energy into electric energy for output. The acceleration and deceleration of the motor generator are controlled by the converter
3.2
flywheel energy storage system
energy storage device for realizing bidirectional conversion of electric energy and kinetic energy collectively referring to the system devices consisting of flywheel energy storage unit, flywheel motor converter, power converter, auxiliary equipment and system controller. See Figure 1 for the schematic diagram of composition frame
Figure 1 Schematic diagram for flywheel energy storage system frame
3.3
flywheel energy storage unit
electromechanical structural components of flywheel energy storage system composed of flywheel rotor, motor generator, bearing, sealing shell, etc.
3.4
flywheel rotor
core energy storage element in flywheel energy storage unit, which is a rotating body composed of high strength metal or composite fiber material, resin matrix and permanent magnet materials
3.5
bearing
flywheel rotor supporting components, usually including mechanical bearings, permanent magnetic bearings, electromagnetic bearings, superconducting magnetic bearings and their combinations
3.6
flywheel converter
electronic power equipment that controls the speed of revolution and power of flywheel motor, and directly or indirectly realizes the bidirectional transmission of DC energy and flywheel motor energy (power supply or load)
3.7
power converter
electronic power equipment for realizing bidirectional energy transfer between DC bus and AC power grid (and/or load) of flywheel energy storage system
3.8
system controller
system controller is a combination of several electronic circuit devices, which is used to control the flywheel energy storage system and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the controlled equipment. Its main functions include: automatic control, protection, monitoring and measurement
3.9
auxiliary equipment
cooling device, vacuum device and monitoring and protecting device required to maintain the internal temperature and vacuum degree of flywheel energy storage unit
3.10
cooling device
in auxiliary equipment, device used for cooling heat-generating components in flywheel energy storage unit, includes cooling equipment and cooling circulation pipeline or air duct
3.11
vacuum device
in auxiliary equipment, components and their connecting pipelines that provide vacuum operating environment for flywheel energy storage unit
3.12
monitoring and protecting device
device for monitoring and protecting the running state of the flywheel energy storage system, and instruments and meters for monitoring the temperature, vacuum, vibration and pressure of the flywheel energy storage unit
3.13
hot standby state
state that the flywheel motor generator can receive the instruction of the system controller to charge and discharge at any time with the speed of revolution within the working speed range
3.14
charge (discharge) response time
time taken for the flywheel energy storage system in hot standby state to rise from zero power to charge/discharge rated power under normal working conditions
3.15
charge process
process that the flywheel energy storage system, as an electric load, absorbs energy from an external power supply, runs in the mode of motor and its speed gradually increases to convert electric energy into kinetic energy and stores it in flywheel energy storage unit
3.16
discharge process
process that the flywheel energy storage system, as a power source, runs as a generator with its speed of revolution dropping to release the stored kinetic energy in the form of electric energy, which is output to the power grid or load through the motor converter (and/or) energy storage converter, and the speed drops gradually
3.17
working speed range
range of speed of revolution between the maximum and minimum speeds of revolution
3.18
maximum speed of revolution
maximum rotating speed of flywheel motor when flywheel energy storage system runs safely
3.19
minimum speed of revolution
the minimum rotating speed required for flywheel rotor when the flywheel energy storage system discharges continuously according to the rated power
3.20
charging efficiency
ratio of the electric energy released by the flywheel energy storage system through motor converter from the maximum speed of revolution to the minimum speed of revolution in the discharge process to the electric energy absorbed by the flywheel energy storage system through motor converter from the minimum speed of revolution to the maximum speed of revolution in the charge process
3.21
discharging efficiency
ratio of DC energy output by flywheel motor converter to the reduction of flywheel stored kinetic energy in the discharge process of flywheel energy storage system from the maximum speed of revolution to the minimum speed of revolution
3.22
charge-discharge cycle efficiency
ratio of the electric energy released by flywheel energy storage system from the maximum speed of revolution to the minimum speed of revolution to the electric energy absorbed by flywheel energy storage system from the minimum speed of revolution to the maximum speed of revolution during charge and discharge processes
3.23
hot standby power consumption
power required when the flywheel energy storage system is in hot standby state (including flywheel converter, power converter and auxiliary equipment)
3.24
available energy storage
the difference between the kinetic energy stored by flywheel energy storage system at the maximum speed of revolution and that stored at the minimum speed of revolution
3.25
rated input/output power
maximum input/output power that can work continuously and stably in charge/discharge state
4 General requirements
4.1 Operating environment conditions
4.1.1 Altitude above sea level: ≤2,000m, if the altitude is greater than 2,000m, the system shall be derated.
4.1.2 Operating environment temperature: -10℃ ~ 40℃.
4.1.3 Daily average relative humidity: 0%~95%, no condensation.
4.1.4 Quality of flywheel energy storage system connected to power supply: harmonic voltage of flywheel energy storage system connected to point of common coupling shall meet the requirements of GB/T 14549, inter-harmonic voltage shall meet the requirements of GB/T 24337, voltage deviation shall meet the requirements of GB/T 12325, voltage fluctuation and flicker value shall meet the requirements of GB/T 12326, and voltage unbalance shall meet the requirements of GB/T 15543.
4.2 Model designation
The product model is recommended to be prepared according to the method specified in Figure 2. The manufacturer code shall be prepared by the manufacturer, and is not limited to the digits shown in the figure.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
4.1 Operating environment conditions
4.2 Model designation
5 Performance requirements
5.1 Efficiency requirements
5.2 Hot standby power consumption
5.3 Designed life requirements
5.4 Safety requirements
5.5 Noise
5.6 Vibration
5.7 Temperature rise
5.8 Tightness
5.9 Electrical performance
5.10 Protection grade
5.11 Protection and alarm function
5.12 Monitoring and protecting function
5.13 Electromagnetic compatibility
6 Test methods
6.1 General inspection
6.2 Calculation of available energy storage
6.3 Rated input/ output power test
6.4 Charge (discharge) response time test
6.5 Efficiency test
6.6 Noise test
6.7 Vibration evaluation
6.8 Temperature rise test
6.9 Electrical performance test
6.10 Protection grade test
6.11 Protection and alarm function test
6.12 Monitoring and protecting function test
6.13 Electromagnetic compatibility test
