Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is not equivalent to "Steel Wire Ropes - Vocabulary" (ISO 2532:1974).
This standard replaces the "Acceptance" (Chapter 4) and "Defects" (Chapter 5) of "Steel Wire Ropes - Terminology" (GB/T 8706-1988).
Compared with the "Acceptance" (Chapter 4) and "Defects" (Chapter 5) of GB/T 8706-1988, the main changes of this standard are as follows:
- The terms "random sample taking", "chemistry analysis", "microstructural defect" and "roundness" are respectively changed to "random sampling", "chemical analysis", "micro defect" and "out-of-roundness";
- The terms "periodic sampling", "online sampling", "groove or bulge" and "surficial spalling" are deleted;
- The term "low torsional stresses" is added; the "method of casting" and "method of pressing pipe" are added in the tensile test of steel wire ropes;
- The definition of "batch" is modified;
- The terms "extruding of steel wire rope corn", "extruding of steel wire", "kinking", "flattening of parts", "local decrease in diameter", "local increase in diameter", "flexing", "corrosion", "local aggregation of broken wire" and "decrease of elasticity" are added;
- The "vocabulary index" is added.
This standard was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Iron and Steel of Standardization Administration of China.
Drafting organizations of this standard: National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Metal Products, Guizhou Wire Rope Incorporated Company, Jiangsu Langshan Wirerope Co., Ltd. and China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute.
Chief drafting staff of this standard: Hong Tao, Heng Junhua, Yang Hongying, Deng Haiyan, Wang Lingjun and Dai Shifeng.
The previous edition of the standard replaced by this standard:
- GB/T 8706-1988.
Steel Wire Ropes - Vocabulary for Acceptance and Defect
鋼絲繩 驗(yàn)收及缺陷術(shù)語
1 Scope
This standard specifies the common terms for acceptance and defects of steel wire ropes during their production and services.
This standard is applicable to the general requirements for acceptance and defects of steel wire ropes. Where other provisions are stated in the product standard, the provisions shall prevail.
2 Acceptance Terms
2.1
Sampling
2.1.1
Acceptance
The sampling and inspection judgment procedure for inspecting individual or batch of products according to the requirements of relevant standards and specifications.
2.1.2
Rejection
The demander rejects to accept the products not conforming to relevant standards and specifications.
2.1.3
Batch
The total amount of unit products which are delivered for acceptance simultaneously with the same construction, specification, nominal tensile strength grade and surface state.
2.1.4
Sample
2.1.4.1
Size of sample
2.1.4.2
Sample of wire
2.1.4.3
Sample of rope
2.1.4.4
Sample of core
2.1.5
Sampling inspection
According to statistical sampling technique, the process to deduce the total quality of a batch of products by inspecting part of unit products taken from the batch.
2.1.6
100% inspection
The inspection for all delivered and accepted unit products.
2.1.7
Random sampling
The sampling method for which the unit products are casually sampled from inspection batch.
2.1.8
Primary test
2.1.9
Repeat test
Where a product is judged as unqualified in primary test, its defective item shall be retested according to the method and quantity specified in standard.
2.2
Inspection of Steel Wires
2.2.1
Sample
2.2.1.1
Origin
The samples originate from steel wire rope.
2.2.1.2
Straightening
In order to facilitate the test and guarantee its accuracy, the sample is straightened by hands or tools without damaging sample surface or affecting its mechanical performance.
2.2.2
Chemical analysis
2.2.2.1
Product analysis
The chemical analysis carried out for the samples extracted from steel wire ropes.
2.2.2.2
Permissible percentage limits for elements
2.2.2.3
Permissible tolerances for product analysis
2.2.3
Micrographic inspection
2.2.3.1
Microstructure
2.2.3.2
Heterogeneity
2.2.3.3
Inclusions
2.2.3.4
Band structure
2.2.3.5
Surface decarburization
2.2.3.6
Martensite
2.2.3.7
Cracks or fissures
2.2.3.8
Shells
2.2.3.9
Segregation
2.2.4
Dimensional inspection
The determination for cross sectional dimension of circular or profiled wire.
2.2.5
Tensile test
The test to determine the tensile strength and percentage elongation of steel wire under unidirectional static tension.
2.2.5.1
Gauge length
2.2.5.2
Minimum duration of test
2.2.5.3
Speed of test
2.2.5.4
Tensile strength
The ratio between the maximum resistance to fracture and the original cross-sectional area of sample where the steel wire is under unidirectional static tension.
2.2.5.5
Knotting force
The maximum force of knotted sample which is under unidirectional static tension.
2.2.5.6
Ratio of knotting tension
The percentage of the breaking forces for knotting and unknotting of steel wire.
2.2.5.7
Percentage elongation
The percentage of the increased length of gauge length and its original value after the tensile failure of sample.
2.2.6
Reverse bend test
The test to inspect steel wire's ability to bear plastic deformation (fasten one end of steel wire, bend it for 90° around the cylindrical support with specific radius and then bend it in opposite direction).
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Acceptance Terms
3 Defect Terms
Chinese Index
English Index
鋼絲繩 驗(yàn)收及缺陷術(shù)語
1 范圍
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了生產(chǎn)和使用中鋼絲繩驗(yàn)收、缺陷常用的術(shù)語。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于鋼絲繩驗(yàn)收、缺陷術(shù)語的一般規(guī)定，當(dāng)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)另有規(guī)定時(shí)，應(yīng)按相應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定執(zhí)行。
2 驗(yàn)收術(shù)語
2．1
取樣 sampling
2．1．1
驗(yàn)收 acceptance
依據(jù)有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范等規(guī)定，對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行逐個(gè)或成批檢驗(yàn)而確定的取樣數(shù)量和檢驗(yàn)判定程序。
2．1．2
拒收 rejection
需方對(duì)不符合有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范等規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品，不予以接受的現(xiàn)象。
2．1．3
批量 batch
由同一結(jié)構(gòu)、規(guī)格、公稱抗拉強(qiáng)度級(jí)別及表面狀態(tài)且同時(shí)交付驗(yàn)收的單位產(chǎn)品的總量。
2．1．4
試樣 sample
2．1．4．1
試樣尺寸 size of sample
2．1．4．2
鋼絲試樣 sample of wire
2．1．4．3
鋼絲繩試樣 sample of rope
2．1．4．4
鋼絲繩芯試樣 sample of core
2．1．5
抽樣檢驗(yàn) sampling inspection
根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)抽樣技術(shù)，從一批產(chǎn)品的總體中抽取部分單位產(chǎn)品，通過檢驗(yàn)部分單位產(chǎn)品來推斷該批產(chǎn)品總體的質(zhì)量。
2．1．6
100％檢驗(yàn)(全檢) 100％inspection
對(duì)交付驗(yàn)收的每個(gè)單位產(chǎn)品都進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。
2．1．7
隨機(jī)抽樣 random sampling
從檢查批中單位產(chǎn)品被抽入樣本完全是偶然的抽取樣本的方法。
2．1．8
初試 primary test
2．1．9
復(fù)試 repeat test
初試不合格時(shí)，按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的方法和數(shù)量，取樣重新試驗(yàn)其不合格項(xiàng)目。
2．2
鋼絲檢驗(yàn) inspection of steel wires
2．2．1
試樣 sample
2．2．1．1
試樣來源 origin
試樣來源于鋼絲繩。
2．2．1．2
試樣矯直 straightening
為了試驗(yàn)準(zhǔn)確和便于試驗(yàn)，在不損傷試樣表面和不影響試樣力學(xué)性能的前提下，用手或工具將試樣矯直。
2．2．2
化學(xué)成分分析 chemical analysis
2．2．2．1
成品分析 product analysis
從鋼絲繩中抽取試樣，對(duì)其進(jìn)行的化學(xué)成分分析。
2．2．2．2
元素含量允許范圍 permissible percentage limits for elements
2．2．2．3
成品化學(xué)成分允許偏差 permissible tolerances for product analysis
2．2．3
金相檢驗(yàn) micrographic inspection
2．2．3．1
顯微組織 microstructure
2．2．3．2
不均勻度 heterogeneity
2．2．3．3
夾雜物 inclusions
2．2．3．4
帶狀組織 band structure
2．2．3．5
表面脫碳 surface decarburization
2．2．3．6
馬氏體 martensite
2．2．3．7
裂紋或裂縫 cracks or fissures
2．2．3．8
折疊 shells
2．2．3．9
偏析 segregation
2．2．4
尺寸檢驗(yàn) dimensional inspection
圓形或異形鋼絲橫截面尺寸的測(cè)定。
2．2．5
拉伸試驗(yàn) tensile test
鋼絲在單向靜拉力作用下，測(cè)定抗拉強(qiáng)度及伸長(zhǎng)率等項(xiàng)目的試驗(yàn)。
2．2．5．1
標(biāo)距 gauge length
2．2．5．2
試驗(yàn)最少持荷時(shí)間 minimum duration of test
2．2．5．3
試驗(yàn)速度 speed of test
2．2．5．4
抗拉強(qiáng)度 tensile strength
鋼絲在單向靜拉力作用下抵抗破斷的最大力與試樣原始橫截面積之比。
2．2．5．5
打結(jié)拉力 knotting force
鋼絲打結(jié)后的試樣在單向靜拉力作用下測(cè)得的最大力。
2．2．5．6
打結(jié)率 ratio of knotting tension
打結(jié)破斷拉力與該鋼絲不打結(jié)破斷拉力的百分比。
2．2．5．7
伸長(zhǎng)率 percentage elonation
試樣拉斷后，標(biāo)距部分增加的長(zhǎng)度與原始標(biāo)距長(zhǎng)度的百分比。
2．2．6
反復(fù)彎曲試驗(yàn) reverse bend test
將鋼絲一端固定，繞規(guī)定半徑的圓柱支座彎曲90°，再沿相反方向彎曲，檢查鋼絲承受塑性變形能力的試驗(yàn)。
2．2．6．1
彎曲角度 angle of bend
2．2．6．2
圓柱支座半徑 radius of cylindrical supports
2．2．6．3
圓柱支座至撥桿底部距離 distance from top tangential plane of cylindricail supports to the bottomface of guids
2．2．6．4
兩圓柱支座軸線所在平面與試樣最近接觸點(diǎn)距離 distance from a plane，defined by the anes of the
cylindrical supports，to the nearest point of contact with the test piece
2．2．6．5
拔桿孔直徑 diameter of guide hole
2．2．6．6
張力 tension
為使試樣與彎曲圓柱良好接觸，用手或特殊裝置給試樣施加的拉緊力。
2．2．6．7
彎曲速度 rate of bending
2．2．6．8
反復(fù)彎曲次數(shù) number of reverse bends
2．2．7
扭轉(zhuǎn)試驗(yàn) torsion test
檢查鋼絲在固定或交變方向扭轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)的塑性變形性能，并顯示不均勻性及內(nèi)外缺陷的試驗(yàn)。
2．2．7．1
試驗(yàn)類型 type of test
2．2．7．1．1
單向扭轉(zhuǎn) torsion in one direction
鋼絲以自身為軸線，沿一個(gè)方向均勻扭轉(zhuǎn)至試樣裂斷或達(dá)到規(guī)定扭轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)的試驗(yàn)。
2．2．7．1．2
交變扭轉(zhuǎn) alternating torsion
鋼絲以自身為軸線，向一個(gè)方向扭轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)定次數(shù)后，再向相反方向扭轉(zhuǎn)直至試樣斷裂或達(dá)到規(guī)定扭轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)的試驗(yàn)。
2．2．7．2
鉗口間距 length between vices
2．2．7．3
張力 tension
為使試樣保持平直施加到鋼絲上的拉緊力。
2．2．7．4
試驗(yàn)速度 speed of test
2．2．7．5
扭轉(zhuǎn)角度 angle of torsion
2．2．7．6
扭轉(zhuǎn)試樣表面 appearance of the twist
2．2．7．7
斷口類型 type of fracture
2．2．7．8
扭轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù) number of twists
2．2．8
纏繞(或松懈)試驗(yàn) wrap(relaxation)test
將鋼絲試樣在符合相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定直徑的芯棒上緊密螺旋纏繞至規(guī)定圈數(shù)，用于檢查試樣(有鍍層或無鍍層)承受纏繞變形能力及鍍層牢固性能的試驗(yàn)。
2．2．8．1
芯棒直徑 diameter of mandrel
2．2．8．2
纏繞速度 speed of wrap
2．2．8．3
纏繞圈數(shù) number of turns
2．2．9
鍍層試驗(yàn) inspection of coating
檢查鋼絲單位面積的鍍層重量、牢固性及均勻性的試驗(yàn)。
2．2．9．1
鍍層重量測(cè)定 determination of mass
用氣體法或重量法測(cè)定單位表面積上的鍍層重量。
2．2．9．2
牢固性能試驗(yàn) adhesion test
用纏繞試驗(yàn)測(cè)定鍍層結(jié)合的牢固性。
2．2．9．3
硫酸銅試驗(yàn) immersion test
用硫酸銅溶液浸置測(cè)定鍍層的均勻性。
2．2．9．4
鹽霧試驗(yàn) salt spray test
用硫酸銅溶液浸置測(cè)定鍍鋅層的均勻性。
2．3
鋼絲繩檢驗(yàn) inspection of steel wire ropes
2．3．1
外觀及尺寸檢查 visual and dimensional examination
2．3．1．1
鋼絲繩直徑(尺寸)偏差 tolerances on the diameter of steel wire ropes
2．3．1．2
不圓度 out-of-roundness
2．3．1．3
捻距 lay pitch
2．3．1．4
捻法 type of lay
2．3．1．5
結(jié)構(gòu) construction
2．3．1．6
捻制質(zhì)量 lay quality
2.3.1.7
不松散性 low torsional stresses
2．3．1．8
涂油均勻性 continuity of lubrication
2．3．1．9
平直度 straightness
2．3．1．10
殘余扭轉(zhuǎn) residual torsion
2．3．2
拆股試驗(yàn) dismantle strand test
鋼絲繩股(部分或全部)拆散成單絲進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)來考核鋼絲繩內(nèi)鋼絲破斷拉力總和及鋼絲繩中鋼絲的性能。
2．3．3
破斷拉伸試驗(yàn) tensile test
鋼絲繩試樣在單向靜拉力作用下，測(cè)定其破斷拉力及伸長(zhǎng)率等項(xiàng)目的試驗(yàn)。
2．3．3．1
試樣夾持方法 method of gripping
a) 直接夾持法 method of directly gripping
鋼絲繩試樣直接夾持在試驗(yàn)機(jī)夾具內(nèi)進(jìn)行拉伸試驗(yàn)的方法。
b) 澆鑄法 method of casting
將鋼絲繩試樣散頭用熔融金屬澆鑄，冷卻到常溫后，夾持在試驗(yàn)機(jī)夾具座內(nèi)進(jìn)行拉伸試驗(yàn)的方法。
c) 纏繞法 method of winding on durm
將鋼絲繩試樣直接纏繞在試驗(yàn)機(jī)纏繞輪上進(jìn)行拉伸試驗(yàn)的方法。
d) 套壓法 method of pressing pipe
將鋼絲繩試樣用套管壓緊，再夾持在試驗(yàn)機(jī)夾具內(nèi)進(jìn)行拉伸試驗(yàn)的方法。
2．3．3．2
伸長(zhǎng)率 percentage elongation
標(biāo)距的伸長(zhǎng)與原始標(biāo)距的百分比。
a)彈性伸長(zhǎng)率 percentage elastic elongation
標(biāo)距的彈性伸長(zhǎng)與原始標(biāo)距的百分比。
b)永久延伸率(殘余伸長(zhǎng)率) percentage permanent elongation
試樣卸除拉伸力后標(biāo)距的伸長(zhǎng)與原始標(biāo)距的百分比。
2．3．3．3
實(shí)際彈性模量 actual modulus of elasticity
2．3．3．4
破斷拉力 breaking force
2．3．3．5
斷口位置和形式 position and type of fracture
2．3．4
含油率 oil content
2．3．4．1
鋼絲繩含油率 oil content in steel wire ropes
2．3．4．2
芯含油率 oil content in fibre cores
2．3．4．3
股含油率 oil content in strands
2．3．5
疲勞試驗(yàn) fatigue test
測(cè)定鋼絲繩試樣在規(guī)定的交變應(yīng)力作用下，承受反復(fù)彎曲或沖擊載荷能力的試驗(yàn)。
2．3．6
旋轉(zhuǎn)性能試驗(yàn) rotational property test
通過試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)到的試樣單位長(zhǎng)度上的旋轉(zhuǎn)角度。
3 缺陷術(shù)語
3．1
制造期間 during manufacture
3．1．1
斷絲 fracture of wire
鋼絲繩股中出現(xiàn)鋼絲斷裂的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．2
缺絲 short of wire
鋼絲繩股中出現(xiàn)缺少鋼絲的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．3
混絲 mixture of wire
鋼絲繩股中相同公稱直徑鋼絲中出現(xiàn)不同公稱直徑間隔鋼絲的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．4
混強(qiáng)度 mixture of strength
鋼絲繩股中相同公稱抗拉強(qiáng)度級(jí)鋼絲中出現(xiàn)不符合本級(jí)別抗拉強(qiáng)度范圍的鋼絲的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．5
鋼絲交錯(cuò) transposition of wires
鋼絲繩表面出現(xiàn)鋼絲交叉，鋼絲不在規(guī)定的幾何位置的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．6
接頭不良 irregular joining of wires
鋼絲繩中鋼絲接頭方法不當(dāng)、接頭中心不正、焊接不良等現(xiàn)象。
3．1．7
裂紋 craze
鋼絲表面出現(xiàn)開裂的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．8
鍍層開裂 craze of coating
鋼絲表面鍍層出現(xiàn)裂紋或分層的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．9
鍍層脫落 desquamation of coating
鋼絲表面鍍層出現(xiàn)脫落的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．10
股絲松動(dòng) slack of wire in strand
鋼絲繩股中鋼絲出現(xiàn)松動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．11
股絲松散 untwisting of wires in strand
鋼絲繩端頭松懈或截?cái)嗪螅芍袖摻z松開不成形的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．12
股松緊不均 relaxation of strands
鋼絲繩制造過程中由于張緊力或預(yù)變形不均勻造成個(gè)別股出現(xiàn)突起或陷落的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．13
股芯外露 discovery of core in strand
股芯從鋼絲縫隙間露出的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．14
股間隙不均勻 discontinuity of strand clearance
3．1．15
鋼絲繩松散 untwisting of strands in rope
3．1．16
捻距不均 variation in pitch
鋼絲繩或股全長(zhǎng)或局部出現(xiàn)捻距不均勻的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．17
繩芯外露 discovery of core in rope
繩芯從鋼絲繩股縫隙間露出的現(xiàn)象。
3．1．18
涂油不良 irregular greasing
鋼絲繩表面或繩芯的油脂短缺或不均勻的現(xiàn)象。
3．2
運(yùn)輸及使用期間 transport and period of service time
3．2．1
表面損傷 surface damage
鋼絲繩或鋼絲表面因與外部接觸而產(chǎn)生的擠傷、壓傷、碰傷、掛傷、刮傷或釘傷等傷痕。
3．2．2
變形 deterioration of ropes
鋼絲繩失去正常形狀或結(jié)構(gòu)破壞的現(xiàn)象。
3．2．2．1
波浪形 waviness
鋼絲繩的縱向軸線成螺旋線形狀。
3．2．2．2
燈籠形 bird-caging
多股鋼絲繩的外層股浮起而形成類似燈籠狀的形狀。
3．2．2．3
繩芯擠出 extruding of steel wire rope corn
繩芯從鋼絲繩股縫隙間被擠出的現(xiàn)象。
3．2．2．4
鋼絲擠出 extruding of steel wire
鋼絲或鋼絲束在鋼絲繩一側(cè)拱起成環(huán)狀的變形。
3．2．2．5
扭結(jié) kinking
鋼絲繩成環(huán)狀在不可能繞其軸線轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的情況下被拉緊而造成的變形，鋼絲繩局部有加捻或松捻現(xiàn)象。
3．2．2．6
部分被壓扁 flattening of parts
3．2．2．7
繩徑局部減小 local decrease in diameter
鋼絲繩因機(jī)械磨損、繩芯縮細(xì)、局部銹蝕、局部扭結(jié)及斷絲等原因而造成橫截面的局部減少。
3．2．2．8
繩徑局部增大 local increase in diameter
鋼絲繩因繩芯畸變而造成橫截面的局部增大。
3．2．2．9
彎折 flex
鋼絲繩在外界影響下引起的角度變形。
3．2．3
機(jī)械磨損 physical deterioration
3．2．3．1
內(nèi)部磨損 inter deterioration
鋼絲繩因股絲間承受負(fù)荷不同，相互擠壓形成應(yīng)力集中而產(chǎn)生的磨損。
3．2．3．2
外部磨損 outside deterioration
鋼絲繩因與滑輪、卷筒、地面硬物等接觸而產(chǎn)生的鋼絲磨損。
