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GB/T 1147 consists of two parts under the general title Small and medium power internal combustion engines:
——Part 1: General requirements;
——Part 2: Test methods.
This is Part 1 of GB/T 1147.
This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 1147.1-2007 Small and medium power internal combustion engines—Part 1: General requirements.
The following main changes have been made with respect to GB/T 1147.1-2007:
——The normative references are modified (see Clause 2 hereof, Clause 2 of 2007 Edition);
——Requirements for flammable gas quality are added (see 3.1.4);
——Relevant technical specifications and parameters of gas engines are added (see 3.2.1 hereof and 3.2.1 of 2007 Edition);
——Requirements and calibrated methods for weighted fuel consumption rate of non-road diesel engines, heat consumption rate of gas engines, and fuel oil consumption rate of general utility small gasoline engines are added (see 3.4 hereof, 3.4 of 2007 Edition);
——Requirements for speed regulation performance of gas engines are added (see 3.10 hereof, 3.10 of 2007 Edition);
——Safety requirements of ignition engines and gas engines are added (see 3.14 hereof, 3.14 of 2007 Edition);
——The durability requirements of gas engines are added (see 3.29 hereof, 3.29 of 2007 Edition);
——The content of gas engines test methods is added (see Clause 4 hereof, Clause 4 of 2007 Edition);
——Requirements for type-approval inspection, end-of-manufacturing inspection and random inspection of gas engine are added (see Clause 5 hereof, Clause 5 of 2007 Edition);
——In Table 13, the end-of-manufacturing inspection of fuel consumption rate project is changed from need to be done to need to be selected (see Clause 5 hereof, Clause 5 of 2007 Edition).
This part is proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This part is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on internal combustion engines of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 177).
The previous editions replaced by this part are as follows:
——GB/T 1147-1987;
——GB/T 1147.1-2007.
Small and medium power internal combustion engines—
Part 1: General requirements
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 1147 specifies technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage for small and medium power internal combustion engines with a calibrated power not more than 560 kW.
This part is applicable to small and medium power internal combustion engines (hereinafter referred to as internal combustion engines) for road vehicles, vessels, agricultural tractors and forestry machinery, construction machinery, generator sets, and irrigation and drainage machinery. For small and medium power internal combustion engines that currently have no applicable standards available, this part may apply as a reference.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 191 Packaging—Pictorial marking for handling of goods
GB/T 725 Internal combustion engines—Nomenclature and code of designations
GB/T 726 Reciprocating internal combustion engine—Designation of the direction of rotation and of cylinders and valves in cylinder heads and definition of right-hand machine and left-hand in line engine and locations on an engine
GB/T 1147.2 Small and medium power internal combustion engines—Part 2: Test methods
GB/T 1883
(All parts) Reciprocating internal combustion engines-terminology—Vocabulary
GB 3847 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust smoke from C.I.E. (Compression Ignition Engine) and vehicle equipped with C.I.E.
GB/T 3475 Requirement and test method for speed governing system of marine diesel engine
GB/T 3821 Small and medium power internal combustion engines—Cleanliness limits and measurements
GB/T 6072.1 Reciprocating internal combustion engines—Performance—Part 1: Declarations of power fuel and lubricating oil consumptions and test methods—Additional requirements for engines for general use
GB/T 6072.4 Reciprocating internal combustion engines—Performance—Part 4: Speed governing
GB/T 6388 Transport package shipping mark
GB/T 6809
(All parts) Reciprocating internal combustion engines—Vocabulary of components and systems
GB/T 7184-2008 Small and medium power diesel engines—Measurement and evaluation of vibration
GB 8840 Limit for exhaust smoke of marine diesel engine
GB 9486 Diesel engine—Exhaust smoke measurement method at steady state
GB/T 10398 Small gasoline engines—Evaluation and measurement of vibration
GB/T 10826
(All parts) Fuel injection equipment—Vocabulary
GB 11871 Limits of airborne noise emitted by marine diesel engines
GB 14097 Noise limits for small and medium power diesel engines
GB/T 15371 Torsional vibration of crankshaft system—Measurement and evaluation method
GB 17691-2005 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from compression ignition and gas fuelled positive ignition engines of vehicles (III IV V)
GB/T 18297 Performance test code for road vehicle engines
GB/T 19055 Reliability test methods for motor vehicle engines
GB 19756-2005 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from diesel engines of tr-wheel low-speed goods vehicles (China III, IV)
GB 20651.1 Reciprocating internal combustion engines—Safety—Part 1: Compression ignition engines
GB 20651.2 Reciprocating internal combustion engines—Safety—Part 2:Spark ignition engines
GB 20891-2014 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from diesel engines of non-road mobile machinery (CHINA III, IV)
GB 26133-2010 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from small spark ignition engines of non-road mobile machinery (I, II)
GB 28239-2012 Limits and measurement methods for non-road diesel engine specific fuel consumption and specific oil consumption
CB/T 3256-2013 The evaluation of vibration on marine diesel engine
CB/ T 3325 The evaluation of torsional vibration in shaft system of marine diesel engine
JB/T 5135.1 General utility small gasoline—Part 1: Technical specification
JB/T 5135.2 General utility small gasoline engine—Part 2: Performance test method
JB/T 5135.3 General utility small gasoline engine—Part 3: Test and evaluate method of reliability and durability
JB/T 10629-2006 Gas engines—General requirements and test methods
JB/T 11323 Small and medium diesel engines—Evaluation of reliability
JB/T 11482 Speed boat diesels—Requirements
QC/T 901-1998 Evaluation method for quality inspection of automotive engine products
3 Technical requirements
3.1 General requirements
3.1.1 The internal combustion engines shall be manufactured according to the product drawings and technical documents approved via established procedures. Components and parts and accessories shall meet the relevant standards.
3.1.2 For model preparation of internal combustion engine, GB/T 725 is recommended to apply.
3.1.3 The terms of internal combustion engines shall meet those specified in GB/T 1883 (all parts), GB/T 6072.1, GB/T 6072.4, GB/T6809 (all parts), GB/T 10826 (all parts) and JB/T 10629-2006.
3.1.4 Flammable gas quality shall comply with those specified in 4.3 of JB/T 10629-2006.
3.2 Technical specifications
3.2.1 The manufacturer shall provide the following main technical specifications and parameters of the internal combustion engine in the product technical documents, and may increase or decrease them according to the structural type and purpose of internal combustion engine:
Model;
Type (Refers to the number of strokes, cooling method, cylinder arrangement, combustion chamber type, left or right machine, boost mode, and whether there is a booster intercooler, etc.);
Number of cylinders;
Cylinder bore diameter, mm;
Piston stroke, mm;
Piston displacement, L;
Calibrated power, kW;
Calibrated speed, r/min;
Maximum torque/rotating speed, N·m/(r/min);
Rated no-load speed, r/min;
Minimum adjustable no-load speed, r/min;
Booster rotating speed, r/min;
Fuel oil consumption rate, g/(kW·h);
Engine oil consumption, g/(kW·h);
Fuel oil grade;
Engine oil grade;
Coolant specification;
Mean piston speed, m/s;
Compression rate;
Mean effective pressure, kPa;
Boost pressure, kPa;
Carburetor model, type (if applicable);
Fuel supply advance angle (crankshaft angle), (°);
Firing order;
Ignition method (if applicable);
Ignition system (if applicable):
a) Type;
b) Model of ignition coil;
c) Model and type of sparking plug;
d) Sparking plug electrode cold gap, in mm;
e) Working ambient temperature of ignition system, in °C;
f) Model and type of magneto or generator.
Gas phase (two-stroke machine refers to the crankshaft angle of the intake, exhaust, and scavenging; the four-stroke machine refers to the crankshaft angle when the intake and exhaust valves are opened and closed), (°);
Starting method;
Rotation direction (according to GB/T726);
Overall dimension (length × width × height), mm;
Net mass, kg;
Total mass, kg.
3.2.2 The following fuel consumption rate shall be marked as required in the product technical documents of internal combustion engines.
a) Fuel consumption rate in declared working condition;
b) Minimum fuel consumption rate in external characteristic;
c) Weighted fuel consumption rate;
d) Fuel oil consumption rate in other working conditions agreed between the manufacturer and the customer.
3.2.3 The calibrated power and calibrated speed are also referred to as rated power and rated speed in other standards related to internal combustion engines.
3.2.4 For automotive internal combustion engines, engine oil consumption rate indicator is replaced by the engine oil/fuel consumption rate.
3.2.5 The manufacturer shall give the required main characteristic curve in the instruction manual following the purpose and characteristics of the internal combustion engines.
3.2.6 The manufacturer shall provide the overall drawing of the internal combustion engine in the instruction manual, and shall indicate the overall dimension, installation dimension and connection dimension.
3.3 Power calibration
3.3.1 The calibrated power on the nameplate of internal combustion engine shall be expressed in accordance with GB/T 6072.1 or relevant professional standards.
3.3.2 The internal combustion engine shall be able to emit the calibrated power indicated on the nameplate with ±5% allowable deviation. Where the test environmental conditions differ from the standard conditions, the power shall be corrected according to the method specified in GB/T 6072.1.
3.3.3 There are several types of power use, such as continuous power, overload power and oil limited power.
The allowed duration and frequency of the overload power depends on the service condition, but there shall be sufficient margin when setting the engine oil limiter so that it can emit allowable overload power concurrently meeting the requirements of mandatory standards such as noise, smoke, emission, etc. The overload power shall be expressed as a percentage of the continuous power, and the duration and frequency of the allowable operation and the corresponding engine speed shall be indicated.
Unless otherwise specified, the overload power at 110% continuous power corresponding to the engine’s working rotating speed allows for 1 h intermittent or uninterrupted operation during the 12 h operating period.
3.4 The calibration of fuel and engine oil consumption rate
3.4.1 The fuel and engine oil consumption rate of the internal combustion engine shall not exceed the ex-factory indicators specified in the product technical documents and the relevant national standards or energy conservation indicators. The weighted fuel consumption rate of non-road diesel engines shall meet the requirements of GB 28239-2012. The fuel oil consumption rate of general utility small gasoline engines shall meet those specified in JB/T 5135.1, and the heat consumption rate of gas engines shall be as specified in 4.7 of JB/T 10629-2006. The fuel consumption rate of the internal combustion engine for different purpose (excluding non-road diesel engines) at the maximum torque point and partial load and partial rotating speed shall meet the requirements of Table 1. The boost internal combustion engine shall be assessed with fuel consumption rate at the 50% load point and an internal combustion engine under 4.5 kW is not specified its partial load point and partial rotating speed fuel consumption rate.
The calibration of weighted fuel consumption rate of non-road diesel engines shall be in accordance with those specified in GB 28239-2012, and the fuel consumption rate of other purpose internal combustion engines shall be calibrated according to GB/T 6072.1.
Table 1 Requirements for fuel consumption rate at maximum torque point, partial load and partial rotating speed working conditions
Operating characteristics of internal combustion engine Maximum torque point 75% load point at calibrated speed 50% load point at calibrated speed 90% calibrated speed point
Percentage /% of fuel consumption rate in declared working conditions
Speed characteristics ≤100 - - -
Load characteristic - ≤105 ≤112 -
Propulsion characteristics - - - ≤105
3.4.2 The engine oil consumption rate is expressed by the grams of engine oil consumed per kilowatt hour of the internal combustion engine at the calibrated power and speed. The engine oil consumption rate of the general utility small gasoline engine is in accordance with JB/T 5135.1, and the gas engine oil consumption rate shall meet the requirements of 4.8 in JB/T 10629-2006.
Note 1: The calibration value of the engine oil consumption rate is the engine oil consumption rate after the running-in period, and the engine oil grade used must be indicated.
Note 2: For liquid fuel engines, the calibrated fuel consumption rate in unite of mass is based on a low heating value of 42700 kJ/kg. The fuel consumption rate of other types fuel engines is expressed in terms of energy, or expressed by both fuel consumption rate in unite of mass and related low calorific values.
Note 3: For automotive internal combustion engines, engine oil consumption rate is replaced by the engine oil/fuel consumption rate.
3.5 Test conditions for noise and emission
The noise, smoke and emission indexes of the power indicated on the nameplate of the internal combustion engine shall be assessed, and the values shall comply with the limits specified by the relevant industry standards. If the assessment required to be carried out after running-in, the time shall not exceed 45 hours or according to the technical documents of the enterprise.
3.6 Parameter requirements under declared working condition
When the internal combustion engine is running under declared working conditions, the following parameters shall comply with the requirements of product technical documents:
a) Exhaust temperature (manifold or its branches), °C;
b) Inlet temperature of turbocharger gas, °C;
c) Engine oil temperature, °C;
d) The outlet temperature of cooling medium for internal combustion engine, °C;
e) Engine oil pressure, kPa;
f) Maximum burst pressure (as required and possible), MPa;
g) Booster rotating speed, r/min;
h) The inlet/outlet temperature of intercooler cooling medium, °C;
3.7 Additional requirements for marine main engine
In the declared working condition, when one cylinder (the main engine with the number of cylinders equal to or less than 7) or two cylinders (the main engine with the number of cylinders equal to or greater than 8) stops working, it shall be able to operate stably under low load.
When the exhaust turbocharger is stopped, the main engine shall be able to operate stably at low rotating speeds and low loads.
3.8 Working uniformity of cylinders
When the internal combustion engine is running under declared working condition, the nonuniformity of each cylinder parameter and the mean deviation of all cylinders shall not exceed the requirements in Table 2. The power nonuniformity rate of each cylinder of general small multi-cylinder gasoline engine shall not exceed 5%.
Table 2 Requirements for working uniformity of cylinders
Working parameters of cylinders Deviation
Compression pressure ±3%
Maximum burst pressure ±4%
Exhaust temperature ±5% (Medium and high boost diesel engine is 8%)
Mean indicated pressure or indicated power ±4%
Note: All or part project may be specified depending on the structural type and purpose of internal combustion engine.
3.9 Torque reserve
For internal combustion engines operating at speed characteristics, the torque reserve rate shall meet the requirements for matching or meet the provisions of Table 3. The rate of maximum torque point to the calibrated speed shall comply with Table 4. The internal combustion engine less than 4.5 kW may not assess the torque characteristics but to follow the product technical documents, and use internal combustion engine for torque converter construction machinery.
Table 3 Requirements for torque reserve rate
Type and purpose of internal combustion engine Torque reserve rate/%
For low speed cars/ vehicles ≥12/10
For tractors Single cylinder ≥12
For tractors Multiple cylinders ≤36kW ≥15
>36kW ≥17
For construction machinery For wheeled bulldozers ≥15
For caterpillar bulldozers ≥20
Others According to relevant standards or technical documents.
Table 4 Requirements for the rate of maximum torque point speed to calibrated speed
Type and purpose of internal combustion engine Rate of maximum torque point speed to calibrated speed
Single cylinder engine ≤80
Multi-cylinder engine For tractors ≤75
For low speed cars/ vehicles ≤70
For construction machinery nb≤1800 r/min ≤75
For construction machinery nb>1800 r/min ≤70
3.10 Speed regulating characteristics
The speed regulation performance of the internal combustion engine under declared working condition shall comply with the provisions of Table 5. The speed regulation performance of the gas engine shall be in accordance with the provisions of 4.10 in JB/T 10629-2006. The speed regulation performance of the general utility small gasoline engine shall be in accordance with JB/T 5135.1. The marine diesel engine is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 3475.
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Table 5 Requirements for speed regulating characteristics
Purpose of internal combustion engine Instantaneous rotating speed difference /%
Calibrated speed regulating rate /%
Rotating speed recovery time
tn,in (loading), tn,de (deloading) Steady state speed fluctuation rate βn /%
Fixed power, for agricultural drainage ≤12 ≤8 ≤10 ≤1
For tractors - ≤8 - -
For combine harvesters - ≤5 - -
For low speed cars/ vehicles - ≤17 - -
For construction machinery - ≤12 - -
For power generation ≤10 ≤5 ≤5 -
3.11 Minimum adjustable no-load speed (minimum no-load steady speed)
The steady and continuous running time of internal combustion engine shall not be less than 5 min at the minimum adjustable no-load speed. The steady speed fluctuation rate shall comply with the requirements of product technical documents. The minimum adjustable no-load speed of general utility small gasoline engine shall follow the requirements of JB/T 5135.1.
3.12 Minimum full load continuous speed (minimum working steady speed)
The minimum allowable full load continuous speed of internal combustion engine and its continuous running time shall comply with the requirements in Table 6.
Table 6 Requirements for minimum full load continuous speed and its continuous running time
Purpose of internal combustion engine Minimum full load continuous speed (minimum working steady speed)
(percentage of calibrated speed) /% Continuous running time/ min
For low speed cars/ vehicles ≤45 ≥30
For tractors, construction machinery and others ≤55 ≥30
Marine main engines nbx < 300 r/min ≤30 ≥20
nb≥300~1000 r/min ≤40 ≥20
nb>1000 r/min ≤45 ≥20
3.13 Starting
The internal combustion engine shall be started 3 times at the ambient temperature specified in Table 7 and within the specified starting time without any external measures, of which at least 2 times shall be able to start smoothly. The heat start requirement of the general utility small gasoline engine shall be as specified in JB/T 5135.1.
The starting method is in accordance with GB/T 1147.2. For internal combustion engines with special starting performance requirements (such as low-temperature starting and starting with gasoline engines), the ambient temperature and starting time shall be in accordance with relevant standards or be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the user.
Table 7 Requirements for starting temperature and starting time
Starting mode and diesel engine purpose Ambient temperature /°C Each starting time /s
Electric starting and compressed air starting For low speed cars/ vehicles, tractors, combine harvesters and construction machinery -5 15
Marine main and auxiliary engines 10 10
Emergency generator sets and fixed 0 10
Manual starting 5 30
3.14 Safety requirements
Safety requirements for internal combustion engines such as starting safety, normal shutdown, emergency shutdown, fire prevention, explosion prevention and overspeed protection, etc. shall comply with the requirements of GB 20651.1 and GB 20651.2 and other relevant standards. The safety requirements for gas engines shall comply with the requirements of 4.21 in JB/T 10629-2006.
3.15 Reversing
The marine main engine shall be subjected to the reversing test. The steering shall be light and flexible during reversing, and the reversing time of the engine which can be directly reversed shall not exceed 15s.
3.16 Inclination
The internal combustion engine shall be able to work under the lateral inclination and longitudinal inclination listed in Table 8. The general utility small gasoline engine shall be able to work under the lateral inclination and longitudinal inclination conditions specified in JB/T 5135.1. The diesel engine for speedboats shall be able to work under the conditions of lateral inclination and longitudinal inclination, roll and pitch specified in JB/T 11482.
Note: For internal combustion engines with special requirements for lateral inclination and longitudinal inclination, the value shall be determined by the manufacturer and the user.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Technical requirements
4 Test methods
5 Inspection rules
6 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage
Annex A (Normative) Name of main components and parts of diesel engine
Annex B (Normative) Name of main components and parts of gasoline engine
