ndustrial trucks—Safety requirements and verification—Part 1:Self-propelled industrial trucks|| other than driverless trucks||variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks,includes Amendment 1
1 Scope
This part of GB 10827 gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for the following types of self-propelled industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks), as defined in ISO 5053:
a) Industrial counterbalanced trucks;
b) Reach trucks with retractable mast or retractable fork arm carriage;
c) Straddle trucks;
d) Pallet-stacking trucks;
e) High-lift platform trucks;
f) Trucks with elevating operator position up to 1200 mm;
g) Side-loading trucks (one side only);
h) Lateral-stacking trucks (both sides), and lateral- and front-stacking trucks;
i) Pallet trucks;
j) Bidirectional and multidirectional trucks;
k) Tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N;
l) Rough-terrain counterbalanced trucks;
m) Industrial trucks powered by battery, diesel, gasoline or LPG (liquefied petroleum gas).
Note 1: Trucks powered by CNG (compressed natural gas) are not dealt with. It is intended that CNG and other power sources be addressed in future revisions of this part.
For trucks with an elevating operator position of more than 1 200 mm and/or trucks designed to travel with an elevated load of more than 1 200 mm, this part is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 3691-3.
Note 2: ISO 3691-3 is not applicable to counterbalanced fork lift trucks or trucks intended for container handling.
Note 3: Some low-level order pickers with an elevating operator's position up to and including 1200 mm lift height can be equipped with an additional lifting device to lift the load to a maximum lift height of 1800 mm.
This part is not applicable to self-propelled variable-reach trucks, driverless trucks or burden carriers, which are covered in ISO 3691-2, ISO 3691-4 and ISO 3691-6, respectively.
It is not applicable to industrial trucks operating in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, hazardous environments), where special precautions can be necessary.
This part deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events, as listed in Annex B, with the exception of the following, relevant to the applicable machines when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
It does not establish requirements for hazards that can occur:
——during construction;
——when handling suspended loads that can swing freely;
——when using trucks on public roads;
——when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres;
——when using trucks in very narrow aisles with clearance of less than 500 mm to the racks;
——arising from a non-ergonomic body attitude when driving sit-on trucks, load trailing;
——during travelling with unladen trucks having a rated capacity of more than 10000kg, due to visibility concerns;
——due to overload.
Note 4: For the purposes of this part, fork arms, load platforms and integrated attachments are considered to be parts of the industrial truck. Attachments mounted on the load carrier or on the fork arms which are removable by the user are not considered to be part of the industrial truck. Requirements for attachments are given in the appropriate clauses.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative documents (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 5143-2008 Industrial Trucks - Overhead Guards - Specification and Testing (ISO 6055: 2004, IDT)
GB/T 5169.16 - 2008 Fire Hazard Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 16: Test Flames - 50W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Methods(IEC 60695-11-10: 2003, IDT)
GB/T 5184-2008 Fork-lift Trucks - Hook-on Type Fork Arms and Fork Arm Carriages - Mounting Dimensions(ISO 2328: 2007, IDT)
GB/T 7593-2008 Powered Industrial Trucks - Symbols for Operator Controls and Other Displays (ISO 3287: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 8420-2011 Earth-moving Machinery - Physical Dimensions of Operators and Minimum Operator Space Envelope (ISO 3411: 2007, IDT)
GB 10827.5-2013 Industrial Trucks - Safety Requirements and Verification - Part 5: Pedestrian-Propelled Trucks (ISO 3691-5: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of Machinery - General Principles for Design - Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction (ISO 12100: 2010, IDT)
GB 16754-2008 Safety of Machinery - Emergency Stop - Principles for Design (ISO 13850: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 16855.1-2008 Safety of Machinery - Safety-related Parts of Control Systems - Part 1: General Principles for Design (ISO 13849-1: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 17300-2010 Earth-moving Machinery - Access Systems (ISO 2867: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 18849-2011 Powered Industrial Trucks - Brake Performance and Component Strength (ISO 6292: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 22417-2008 Fork-Lift Trucks - Fork-Arm Extensions and Telescopic Fork Arms - Technical Characteristics and Strength Requirements(ISO 13284: 2003, IDT)
GB/T 22418-2008 Industrial Trucks - Additional Requirements for Automated Functions on Trucks (ISO 24134: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 22419-2008 Industrial Trucks - Specification for Indicator Lights for Container Handling and Grappler Arm Operations (ISO 15871: 2000, IDT)
GB/T 26560-2011 Powered Industrial Trucks--Safety Signs and Hazard Pictorials - General Principles (ISO 15870: 2000, IDT)
GB/T 26562-2011 Construction and Layout of Pedals of Self-propelled Sit-down Rider-controlled Industrial trucks - Rules for the Construction and Layout of Pedals (ISO 21281: 2005, IDT)
GB/T 26948.1-2011 Industrial Trucks - Specifications and Test Methods for Operator Restraint Systems - Part 1: Lap-type Seat Belts (ISO 24135-1: 2006, IDT)
GB/T 26949.1-2012 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 1: General(ISO 22915-1: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 26949.2-2013 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 2:Counterbalanced Trucks with Mast (ISO 22915-2: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 26949.3-2013 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 3: Reach and Straddle Trucks(ISO 22915-3: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 26949.10-2011 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability — Part 10: Additional Stability Test for Trucks Operating in the Special Condition of Stacking with Load Laterally Displaced by Powered Devices (ISO 22915-10: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 27544-2011 Industrial Trucks - Electrical Requirements (ISO 20898: 2008, IDT)
ISO 2330 Fork-lift Trucks - Fork Arms - Technical Characteristics and Testing
ISO 3691-3: —1) Industrial Trucks - Safety Requirements and Verification - Part 3: Additional Requirements for Trucks with Elevating Operator Position and Trucks Specifically designed to Travel with Elevated Loads
ISO 3795: 1989 Road Vehicles, and Tractors and Machinery for Agriculture and Forestry - Determination of Burning Behaviour of Interior Materials
ISO 5053 Powered Industrial Trucks - Terminology
ISO 13564-1: 2012 Powered Industrial Trucks - Test Methods for Verification of Visibility - Part 1: Sit-on and Stand-on Operator Trucks up to and Including 10 t Capacity
ISO 22915-4: 2009 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 4: Pallet Stackers, Double Stackers and Order-Picking Trucks with Operator Position Elevating up to and Including 1 200 mm Lift Height
ISO 22915-7: 2009 Industrial Trucks Verification of Stability - Part 7: Bidirectional and Multidirectional Trucks
ISO 22915-8: 2008 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 8: Additional Stability Test for Trucks Operating in the Special Condition of Stacking with Mast Tilted Forward and Load Elevated)
ISO 22915-11: 2011 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 11: Industrial Variable-reach Trucks
ISO 22915-20: 2008 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 20: Additional Stability Test for Trucks Operating in the Special Condition of Offset Load, Offset by Utilization
ISO 22915-21: 2009 Industrial Trucks - Verification of Stability - Part 21: Order-Picking Trucks with Operator Position Elevating Above 1200 mm
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053 and GB/T 15706 and the following apply.
3.1
Self-propelled industrial truck
Wheeled vehicle having at least three wheels with a powered driving mechanism, except for those running on rails, designed either to carry, tow, push, lift, stack or tier in racks any kind of load and controlled by an operator (3.7).
Note: See ISO 5053 for a comprehensive terminology.
3.2
Pedestrian-controlled truck
Truck designed to be controlled by an operator (3.7) walking with the truck by means of, for example, a tiller or remote control.
Note: The truck may be equipped with a stand-on option.
3.3
Ride-on truck
Truck designed to be controlled by an operator (3.7) riding on a seat or a driving platform on the truck.
Note: Stand-on industrial trucks with a seat for the operator are considered as being stand-on trucks.
3.4
Low-lift truck
Truck having a lift height of 500 mm or less.
3.5
Bidirectional truck
Truck designed to travel in either direction on a line parallel with its longitudinal axis, or perpendicular to this axis.
Note: Adapted from ISO 5053:1987, 3.6.1.2.
3.6
Multidirectional truck
Truck designed to travel in any direction relative to its longitudinal axis.
Note: Adapted from ISO 5053:1987, 3.6.1.3.
3.7
Operator
Designated person, appropriately trained and authorized, who is responsible for the movement and load handling of an industrial truck.
Note 1: Depending on the truck type, the operator can be riding on the industrial truck, on foot accompanying the truck(e.g. tiller-, cable-controlled) or remote from the truck (e.g. remote radio-controlled).
Note 2: National regulations can apply.
3.8
Normal operating position
Position in which the operator is able to control all functions for driving and load handling as defined by the manufacturer.
Note: Additional positions are permitted to be defined by the manufacturer if it is not possible to control all the functions of the truck from a single position. A rotating seat or stand-up end-control truck with more than one operating direction is considered as being or having a single operating position.
3.9
Lift height
Vertical distance between the upper face of the fork blades or the lifting platform and the ground.
3.10
Lift height for travelling
Lifting height up to and including 500 mm providing sufficient ground clearance for travelling.
Note: It is identical to the maximum lift height for the stability test for travelling.
3.11
Low lift height
Maximum lift height up to and including 500 mm, where the vertical centre of gravity of the load does not exceed 1100 mm above the ground.
3.12
Automatically acting brakes
Mechanical brakes which automatically apply in the non-travelling condition until released by the control of the operator.
3.13
Lost load centre
Horizontal shift in the standard load centre that may occur when removable attachments are added to a truck.
Note: For standard load centre, see Annex A.
3.14
Actual capacity
Maximum load, expressed in kilograms, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and truck stability, that a truck can carry, lift and stack to a specified height, at a specified load centre distance and reach, if applicable, in normal operation.
Note: The actual capacity depends on the configuration of the truck, including variables such as the type and lift height of the mast fitted, the actual load centre and any attachments that might be fitted. This actual capacity defines the load-handling ability of the particular truck, as equipped. Additional actual capacity ratings with removable attachments can also be established where permitted by the appropriate stability tests or by calculation verified by empirical data.
3.15
Rated capacity
Maximum load, expressed in kilograms, established by the manufacturer based on component strength and truck stability, that the truck can carry, lift and stack to the standard lift height and at the standard position of the centre of gravity.
Note 1: For centre of gravity, see Annex A.
Note 2: If the lifting height of the mast is lower than the standard lift height, H, the rated capacity is still assessed at the standard lift height.
Note 3: The rated capacity is used to compare the capacity of different manufacturers' trucks and to provide the break points used in technical standards and statistics. The operating limits for the truck are defined by its actual capacity.
4 Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
4.1 General
4.1.1 Overall requirements
The truck shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause.
In addition, the truck shall be designed according to the principles of GB/T 15706 for relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this part.
4.1.2 Normal climatic conditions
For truck operation, the following climatic conditions apply:
——Average ambient temperature for continuous duty: +25℃;
——Maximum ambient temperature, short term (up to 1 h): +40℃;
——Lowest ambient temperature for trucks intended for use in normal indoor conditions: +5℃;
——Lowest ambient temperature for trucks intended for use in normal outdoor conditions: -20 ℃;
——Altitude: ≤ 2000m.
4.1.3 Normal operating conditions
Normal operating conditions are the following:
——Driving (travelling and lifting) on substantially firm, smooth, level and prepared surfaces - the surface conditions on which the truck is designed to operate shall be specified in the instruction handbook (see 6.2);
——Driving with the horizontal load centre of gravity approximately on the longitudinal centre plane of the truck;
——Travelling with the mast or fork arms tilted backwards, where applicable, and the load in the lowered (travel) position.
If the above is not sufficient to allow the conditions for stability of a particular truck type to be specified, then the operating conditions shall be according to the standard referenced for stability in 4.8.
4.1.4 Electrical requirements
Electrical requirements shall comply with GB/T 27544.
4.1.5 Edges or angles
There shall be no sharp edges or angles posing a hazard in the area of the operator in the normal operating position or in the area of access and egress during normal operation and daily checks.
4.1.6 Stored energy components
Components which store energy and that would cause a risk during removal or disassembly, e.g. hydraulic accumulator or spring-applied brakes, shall be provided with a means to release the energy before removal or disassembly.
4.2 Starting/moving
4.2.1 Unauthorized starting
Trucks shall be provided with a device (e.g. key, code, magnetic card) which prevents starting without its use.
Such devices for pedestrian-controlled and rider-controlled trucks manufactured by the same manufacturer shall not be interchangeable between the two truck types. Where devices, e.g. magnetic cards, are destined for an individual operator, one device may be used on both truck types but shall not allow starting by unauthorized persons.
4.2.2 Unintended movement and inadvertent activation
Truck movement from the holding position, other than by actuation of the controls by the operator, due to drift or creep (e.g. by leakage), shall be avoided.
4.2.2.1 Parking brakes
A parking brake complying with 4.3.1 shall be provided.
For sit-on rider trucks, the parking brake system shall be manually operable by hand or foot from the normal operating position or automatically applied by leaving the normal operating position. Trucks with only non-automatically applied parking brake(s) shall have a warning to the operator to apply the brakes before leaving the truck.
Failure of the control system of an automatically applied parking brake shall be indicated to the operator.
4.2.2.2 Internal-combustion-engine powered trucks
Internal-combustion-engine powered trucks shall be fitted with a device which prevents the engine being started while the transmission is engaged.
4.2.2.3 Travel controls
Travel controls on internal-combustion-engine powered trucks shall be so arranged that on level ground the truck will not move from rest until the transmission has been engaged.
4.2.2.4 Powered travel movement
Powered travel movement of the truck with a ride-on operator shall be possible only if the operator is in the normal operating position.
Powered travel shall not occur automatically when the operator returns to the normal operating position without an additional operation, e.g. by requiring a resetting of the direction control or reactivation of the speed control.
4.2.2.5 Manual gearbox and manually operated clutch pedal
A truck with an automotive-type manual gearbox and manually operated clutch pedal satisfies the requirements of 4.2.2.2 and 4.2.2.4.
4.2.3 Travel speed
4.2.3.1 Pedestrian-controlled trucks
Single-speed pedestrian-controlled trucks operating on level ground shall not exceed a travel speed of 4 km/h and an acceleration of 0.5 m/s2 and shall be designed for low-lift only.
Variable-speed pedestrian-controlled trucks operating on level ground shall be controllable by the operator to be aligned with their walking speed not exceeding 6 km/h.
4.2.3.2 Stand-on trucks and pedestrian-controlled trucks with foldable platform
The maximum speed on level ground of stand-on trucks and pedestrian-controlled trucks fitted with a foldable platform when the operator is on the platform shall not exceed 16 km/h.
For trucks with a foldable operator platform, see 4.7.3.3.
For trucks with stand-on options, see 4.7.3.2 and 4.7.3.4.
Foreword I
Introduction III
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
5 Verification of Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures
6 Information for Use
Annex A (Normative) Determination of Driving Direction and Rated Capacity
Annex B (Informative) List of Significant Hazards
References
工業車輛 安全要求和驗證
第1部分：自行式工業車輛(除無人
駕駛車輛、伸縮臂式叉車和載運車)
1 范圍
GB 10827的本部分規定了如ISO 5053所定義的下列自行式工業車輛(以下簡稱“車輛”)的安全要求及其驗證方法：
a) 平衡重式叉車；
b) 前移式叉車(具有可伸縮的門架或貨叉架)；
c) 插腿式叉車；
d) 托盤堆垛車；
e) 高起升平臺搬運車；
f) 操作臺起升高度不大于1 200 mm的車輛；
g) 側面式叉車(單側)；
h) 側面堆垛式叉車(兩側和三向)；
i) 托盤搬運車；
j) 雙向和多向運行叉車；
k) 牽引力不大于20 000N的牽引車；
l) 平衡重式越野叉車；
m) 其他以蓄電池、柴油、汽油或液化石油氣為動力的工業車輛。
注1：本部分不適用于以壓縮天然氣為動力的車輛，以壓縮天然氣和其他動力源為動力的車輛可能在將來修訂本部分時增加。
對于操作臺起升高度大于1 200 mm的車輛和/或帶著載荷起升至1 200 mm以上運行的車輛，本部分應與ISO 3691-3一起使用。
注2：ISO 3691-3不適用于平衡重式叉車或搬運集裝箱的車輛。
注3：有些帶有起升高度不大于1 200 mm操作臺的低起升揀選車，可以安裝一個附加起升裝置，將載荷起升至1 800mm的最大起升高度的，可適用。
本部分不適用于自行式伸縮臂式叉車、無人駕駛車輛和載運車，ISO 3691-2、ISO 3691-4和ISO 3691-6分別適用于這些車輛。
本部分不適用于在苛刻條件下(如極端天氣、冷庫應用、危險環境)工作的車輛，這些情況需要有特殊防護措施。
本部分涉及了除以下情形外，有關機械在制造商預期用途下使用和可預見條件下誤用的，如附錄B所列的所有重大危險、危險狀態或危險事件。
本部分不包括下列情況可能發生的危險：
——在制造過程中；
——搬運能自由擺動的懸吊載荷時；
——在公路上使用時；
——在潛在爆炸性環境中操作時；
——在與貨架之間的單側間隙小于500 mm的狹窄通道上使用時；
——駕駛拖曳載荷的坐駕式車輛時，由于采用非人類工效學姿勢而引起；
——駕駛額定起重量大于10 000 kg的空載車輛時，由于視野關系而引起；
——超載時。
注4：本部分中，貨叉、載貨平臺和整體式屬具都被看作是工業車輛的一部分。安裝在載貨平臺或貨叉上的可拆卸式屬具，不被看作是工業車輛的一部分。對屬具的要求見本部分相關條款規定。
2 規范性引用文件
下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 5143—2008 工業車輛 護頂架 技術要求和試驗方法(ISO 6055：2004，IDT)
GB/T 5169.16—2008 電工電子產品著火危險試驗 第16部分：試驗火焰 50 W水平與垂直火焰試驗方法(IEC 60695-11-10：2003，IDT)
GB/T 5184—2008 叉車 掛鉤型貨叉和貨叉架 安裝尺寸(ISO 2328：2007，IDT)
GB/T 7593—2008 機動工業車輛 駕駛員控制裝置及其他顯示裝置用符號(ISO 3287：1999，IDT)
GB/T 8420—2011 土方機械 司機的身材尺寸與司機的最小活動空間(ISO 3411：2007，IDT)
GB 10827.5—2013 工業車輛 安全要求和驗證 第5部分：步行式車輛(ISO 3691-5：1999，IDT)
GB/T 15706—2012 機械安全 設計通則 風險評估和風險減小(ISO 12100：2010，IDT)
GB 16754—2008 機械安全 急停 設計原則(ISO 13850：2006，IDT)
GB/T 16855.1—2008 機械安全 控制系統有關安全部件 第1部分：設計通則(ISO 13849-1：2006，IDT)
GB/T 17300—2010 土方機械 通道裝置(ISO 2867：2006，IDT)
GB/T 18849—2011 機動工業車輛 制動器性能和零件強度(ISO 6292：2008，IDT)
GB/T 22417—2008 叉車 貨叉叉套和伸縮式貨叉 技術性能和強度要求(ISO 13284：2003，IDT)
GB/T 22418—2008 工業車輛 車輛自動功能的附加要求(ISO 24134：2006，IDT)
GB/T 22419—2008 工業車輛 集裝箱吊具和抓臂操作用指示燈技術要求(ISO 15871：2000，IDT)
GB/T 26560—2011 機動工業車輛 安全標志和危險圖示 通則(ISO 15870：2000，IDT)
GB/T 26562—2011 自行式坐駕工業車輛踏板的結構與布置 踏板的結構與布置原則(ISO21281：2005，IDT)
GB/T 26948.1—2011 工業車輛駕駛員約束系統技術要求及試驗方法 第1部分：腰部安全帶(ISO 24135-1：2006，IDT)
GB/T 26949.1—2012 工業車輛 穩定性驗證 第1部分：總則(ISO 22915-1：2008，IDT)
GB/T 26949.2—2013 工業車輛 穩定性驗證 第2部分：平衡重式叉車(ISO 22915-2：2008，IDT)
GB/T 26949.3—2013 工業車輛 穩定性驗證 第3部分：前移式和插腿式叉車(ISO 22915-3：2008，IDT)
GB/T 26949.10—2011 工業車輛 穩定性驗證 第10部分：在由動力裝置側移載荷條件下堆垛作業的附加穩定性試驗(ISO 22915-10：2008，IDT)
GB/T 27544—2011 工業車輛 電氣要求(ISO 20898：2008，IDT)
ISO 2330 叉車 貨叉 技術要求和試驗方法(Fork-lift trucks—Fork arms—Technical charac-terlstlcs and testing)
ISO 3691-3：—1) 工業車輛 安全要求和驗證 第3部分：對帶有起升操作臺的車輛和專門設計為帶起升載荷運行的車輛的附加要求(Industrial turcks—Safety requirements and verification— Part 3：Additional requirements for trucks with elevating operator position and trucks specifically de- signed to travel with elevated loads)
ISO 3795：1989 農林用道路車輛、拖拉機和機械 內部材料燃燒性能的測定(Road vehicles，and tractors and machinery for agricultrure and forestry—Determination of burning behaviour of interior materials)
ISO 5053 機動工業車輛 術語(Powered industrial trucks—Terminology)
ISO 13564-1：2012 機動工業車輛 驗證視野的試驗方法 第1部分：額定起重量不大于10 t的坐駕式和站駕式車輛(Powered industrial trucks—Test methods for verification of visibility—Part 1：Sit-on and stand-on operator trucks up to and including 10 t capacity)
ISO 22915-4：2009 工業車輛 穩定性驗證 第4部分：托盤堆垛車、雙層堆垛車和操作臺起升高度不大于1 200 mm的揀選車輛(Industrial trucks—Verification of stability—Part 4：Pallet stackers，double stackers and order-picking trucks with operator position elevating up to and including 1 200 mm lift height)
ISO 22915-7：2009 工業車輛 穩定性驗證 第7部分：雙向和多向運行叉車(Industrial trucks Verification of stability—Part 7：Bidirectional and multidirectional trucks)
ISO 22915-8：2008 工業車輛 穩定性驗證 第8部分：在門架前傾和載荷提升條件下堆垛作業的附加穩定性試驗(Industrial trucks—Verification of stability—Part 8：Additional stability test for trucks operating in the special condition of stacking with mast tilted forward and load elevated)
ISO 22915-11：2011 工業車輛 穩定性驗證 第11部分：伸縮臂式叉車(Industrial trucks Verification of stability—Part 11：Industrial variable-reach trucks)
ISO 22915-20：2008 工業車輛 穩定性驗證 第20部分：載荷偏置條件下作業的附加穩定性試驗(Industrial trucks—Verification of stability—Part 20：Additional stability test for trucks operating in the special condition of offset load，offset by utilization)
ISO 22915-21：2009 工業車輛 穩定性驗證 第21部分：操作臺起升高度大于1 200 mm的揀選車輛(Industrial trucks—Verification of stability—Part 21：Order-picking trucks with operator position elevating above 1 200 mm)
3 術語和定義
ISO 5053和GB/T 15706界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
自行式工業車輛self-propelled industrial truck
至少有3個車輪，并帶有動力驅動裝置的輪式車輛(不包括那些在軌道上運行的車輛)，設計用來搬運、牽引、推頂、起升、堆垛或在貨架上分層堆垛各種貨物，并由一個操作者(3.7)控制。
注：完整術語見ISO 5053。
3.2
步駕式車輛pedestrian-controlled truck
由一個以步行跟隨車輛的操作者(3.7)通過如舵柄或遙控裝置控制的車輛。
1) 即將出版。
注：這種車輛可備有站駕選項。
3.3
乘駕式車輛ride-on truck
由一個坐在座位上或站在操作平臺上的操作者(3.7)控制的車輛。
注：帶有操作者座椅的站駕式工業車輛屬于站駕式車輛。
3.4
低起升車輛low-lift truck
起升高度不大于500 mm的車輛。
3.5
雙向運行車輛bidirectional truck
沿著與其縱向軸線平行或垂直方向運行的車輛。
注：根據ISO 5053：1987中3.6.1.2改編。
3.6
多向運行車輛 multidirectional truck
沿著相對于其縱向軸線的任一方向運行的車輛。
注：根據ISO 5053：1987中3.6.1.3改編。
3.7
操作者operator
經過相應培訓并取得資格，負責控制工業車輛運行及載荷搬運的專業人員。
注1：根據車輛的類型，操作者可以乘駕、步駕(如舵柄控制，電纜控制)或遙控(如無線電遙控)車輛。
注2：國家的法規可以適用。
3.8
正常操作位置normal operating position
操作者能按照制造商的規定控制所有運行和載荷搬運功能的位置。
注：如果在一個位置上不能控制車輛的全部功能，那么制造商可規定附加位置。具有一個以上操作方向的旋轉座椅或站駕式端部控制車輛也被視作具有一個操作位置。
3.9
起升高度lift height
貨叉水平段或升降平臺的上表面至地面之間的垂直距離。
3.10
運行時的起升高度lift height for travelling
為運行提供足夠離地間隙而提升的不大于500 mm的高度。
注：運行時的起升高度等同于穩定性試驗中運行時的最大起升高度。
3.11
低起升高度low lift height
最大起升高度不大于500 mm，此時，載荷質心與地面的垂直距離不超過1 100 mm。
3.12
自動動作制動裝置automatically acting brakes
在非運行條件下，除操作者將其釋放外，可自動實施機械制動的裝置。
3.13
失載中心距lost load centre
將可拆卸式屬具安裝到車輛上時標準載荷中心可能產生的水平位移。
注：標準載荷中心距見附錄A。
3.14
實際起重量actual capacity
由制造商根據零部件強度和車輛穩定性確定的，車輛在正常運行狀態，特定的載荷中心距(如果需要亦可前伸)時能夠搬運、起升和堆垛到特定高度的最大載荷(單位為千克)。
注：實際起重量取決于車輛的配置，它與所安裝門架的類型和起升高度、實際的載荷中心距以及安裝的屬具有關。該實際起重量規定了某一具體配置下的車輛的載荷搬運能力。通過適當的穩定性試驗或經驗數據的計算校驗，可以確定車輛帶有可拆卸式屬具時的實際起重量值。
3.15
額定起重量rated capacity
由制造商根據零部件強度和車輛穩定性確定的，車輛在標準載荷質心位置時能夠搬運、起升并堆垛到標準起升高度的最大載荷(單位為千克)。
注1：質心見附錄A。
注2：當門架的起升高度低于標準起升高度H時，仍按照標準起升高度確定額定起重量。
注3：額定起重量用來比較不同制造商所生產車輛的額定能力，并為技術標準和統計提供依據。車輛的操作極限由實際起重量決定。
4 安全要求和/或保護措施
4.1 概述
4.1.1 一般要求
車輛應符合本章的安全要求和/或保護措施。
另外，對于本部分沒有涉及到的非重大危險，應按GB/T 15706規定的原則進行車輛設計。
4.1.2正常氣候條件
車輛作業時應符合以下正常氣候條件：
——連續運行條件下的平均環境溫度：+25℃；
——短期內(不大于1 h)的最高環境溫度：+40℃；
——正常室內條件下使用車輛時的最低環境溫度：+5℃；
——正常室外條件下使用車輛時的最低環境溫度：-20 ℃；
——海拔高度：不大于2 000 m。
4.1.3正常作業條件
正常作業條件如下：
——在堅實、平整、水平和鋪設好的路面上行駛(包括運行和起升)，車輛設計作業的路面條件，應在使用說明書中詳細說明(見6.2)；
——行駛時載荷質心應大約位于車輛的縱向中心平面內；
——運行時在可能的情況下，應將門架或貨叉后傾，并應使載荷處在較低的(運行)位置。
如果上述各項還不能完全滿足某些類型車輛所規定的穩定性要求，那么這些車輛的運行條件應符合4.8所述的穩定性要求。
4.1.4電氣要求
電氣要求應符合GB/T 27544的規定。
4.1.5邊或角
在操作者正常操作位置范圍，以及在正常作業和日常檢查時的出入范圍都不應有造成危險的銳邊或棱角。
4.1.6儲能部件
儲存能量并有可能在移動或拆卸過程中造成危險的部件，如液壓蓄能器或彈簧制動裝置，應采取措施在移動或拆卸前先釋放其能量。
4.2啟動/運行
4.2.1 未經許可的啟動
車輛應配備一種裝置(如鑰匙、密碼、磁卡)，防止在沒有使用該裝置時車輛的啟動。
對于由同一制造商生產的步駕式車輛和乘駕式車輛，其兩者的啟動裝置應不能互換。對于同一個操作者，一種啟動裝置(如磁卡)可同時用于步駕式車輛和乘駕式車輛，但不允許未經授權的其他人員進行啟動。
4.2.2意外的移動/開動
除非由操作者主動操縱控制裝置，車輛應避免從其鎖定位置移動，如滑行或蠕動(因泄漏等)。
4.2.2.1停車制動器
應配備滿足4.3.1要求的停車制動器。
對于坐駕式車輛，停車制動器應能在操作者處于正常操作位置時用手或腳操作，或操作者離開正常操作位置時自動地實現制動。只裝有非自動停車制動器的車輛，應警示操作者在離開車輛前啟用停車制動器。
自動停車制動器的控制系統出現故障時，應能向操作者發出警示。
4.2.2.2 內燃車輛
內燃車輛應配備一種裝置，當傳動裝置處于接合狀態時，該裝置能防止發動機啟動。
4.2.2.3 運行控制
內燃車輛的運行控制裝置應設計成，只有傳動裝置處于接合狀態后，車輛才能在水平路面上從靜止開始移動。
4.2.2.4動力運行
只有當操作者處于正常操作位置時，乘駕式車輛才能進行動力運行。
當操作者回到正常操作位置，但沒有進行如重新調整方向控制、激活速度控制等額外操作時，動力運行不應自動發生。
4.2.2.5手動變速箱和人工操作的離合踏板
帶有車用手動變速箱和人工操作離合踏板的車輛應符合4.2.2.2和4.2.2.4的要求。
4.2.3 運行速度
4.2.3.1 步駕式車輛
在水平路面上行駛的單速步駕式車輛的運行速度不應超過4 km/h，加速度不應超過0.5 m/s2，并且只應設計成低起升高度。
在水平路面上行駛的可調速步駕式車輛的運行速度應能被操作者調節到與其步行速度相匹配，不應超過6 km/h。
4.2.3.2 站駕式車輛和帶有折疊式站板的步駕式車輛
在水平路面上行駛的站駕式車輛和帶有操作者站立其上的折疊式站板的步駕式車輛，其最大運行速度不應超過16 km/h。
帶有折疊式站板的車輛見4.7.3.3。
帶有站駕選項的車輛見4.7.3.2和4.7.3.4。
4.2.3.3帶著起升的門架運行
車輛帶著起升的門架運行時，無特殊要求。
4.3 制動裝置
4.3.1 概述
所有工業車輛都應帶有行車制動器和停車制動器。制動器應符合GB/T 18849的規定。
停車制動器應配有防止意外釋放的裝置。停車制動力應通過機械裝置產生。
4.3.2行車制動器的供能故障
行車制動器的供能發生故障時，不應導致整個制動失效，并應能控制停車。
4.3.3站駕式和步駕式車輛
站駕式和步駕式車輛應帶有一個制動裝置，該裝置應自動閉合直到其被操作者釋放。該裝置可作為車輛的行車制動器和停車制動器。
4.4手動控制裝置
4.4.1 概述
4.4.1.1 與車輛運動的一致性
控制裝置的動作應盡可能和車輛正在進行的運動方向保持一致。控制裝置的操作應被限制在車輛或舵柄的輪廓內。
4.4.1.2多人操作
如果安裝了附加操作位置并有一個以上的操作者，則同一時間應只能從一個操作位置操縱這些控制裝置，唯一的例外是緊急斷電開關，從所有的操作位置都可以操縱此開關。
4.4.1.3多個操作位置
當一個操作者有多個操作位置時，在某一操作位置操縱控制裝置的同時應排除從其他操作位置操縱的可能性。唯一的例外是緊急斷電開關，從所有的操作位置都可以操縱此開關。
4.4.2運行和制動控制
4.4.2.1概述
速度操縱控制裝置的動作應被設計成運行速度隨著控制裝置行程的增加而增加。當控制裝置被釋放時，它應自動回到零位。
4.4.2.2坐駕式車輛
用踏板操縱運行和制動控制裝置的車輛應符合GB/T 26562的規定。
4.4.2.3站駕式車輛
站駕式車輛的運行和制動控制裝置應符合下列要求：
a)運行控制功能
——當采用舵柄時，舵柄上應裝有控制運行方向和速度的控制裝置；
——當采用方向盤或類似控制裝置時，運行方向和速度控制裝置應位于方向盤附近。行車制動器在下列情況下，應自動實現制動功能：
——如果制動器是由舵柄操縱的，當舵柄被釋放時；
——如果制動器是由運行控制裝置操縱的，當運行控制裝置被釋放時；
——如果制動器是由腳操縱的，當踏板被釋放時；
——如果制動器是由手操縱的，當手柄被操作時。
b) 操作臺起升高度不大于1 200 mm的車輛
當操作臺的起升高度超過500 mm時，應提供措施防止車輛的運行，除非控制裝置可以和操作臺一起起升。
4.4.2.4步駕式車輛
對步駕式車輛的要求如下：
a) 舵柄上應配備運行方向和運行速度的控制裝置；
b) 當舵柄被釋放時，它應能自動返回至高位靜止位置，切斷運行方向的牽引動力并閉合制動器；
c) 當舵柄處在低位時，運行方向的牽引動力應被切斷，并且制動器應閉合；
d)舵柄應配備一種裝置，當其頭部在操作位置與固體物(如操作者的身體)接觸時，能促使車輛朝遠離操作者的方向運行，直到該裝置上的壓力被解除或實施制動使車輛停下。
4.4.2.5差速鎖
車輛運行過程中應能解開差速鎖。
對于帶有踏板控制差速鎖的車輛，踩下踏板應能鎖住差速鎖，釋放踏板時應能解開差速鎖。
4.4.2.6 從車輛外部進行的附加操作
對于坐駕式或站駕式車輛和牽引車，如果具有操作者從車輛外部進行運行控制的功能，則從外部操作車輛時，其運行速度不應大于6 km/h。這些控制裝置可以附加在車輛上或采用遙控的方式。這種外部操作系統可以被設計成通過一個單獨的開關起作用或當操作者離開正常操作位置自動起作用。
a) 概述
1) 當車外控制裝置被釋放時，驅動裝置應自動關閉，制動器應自動閉合。應排除從車內操作位置同時進行操作的可能；
2) 安裝在車輛外部的控制裝置應安全可靠，以防意外激活。
b) 采用電纜連接的遠程控制裝置的附加要求
1) 電纜的長度和布置應能使操作者在車輛危險區域之外進行操作，并能夠看清運行的道路。電纜應不會纏繞到車輪上。
2)對于便攜式控制面板，應防止運行控制元件被意外操作，緊急制動按鈕除外。便攜式控制面板應安裝符合GB 16754規定的緊急制動按鈕。
c)無線控制的附加要求
1) 傳輸范圍應足夠以便讓操作者在車輛危險區域之外進行操作，并能夠看清運行的道路；
2) 對于便攜式控制面板，應防止運行控制元件被意外操作，緊急制動按鈕除外；
3) 可靠度等級應至少為10-9，漢明距離(代碼間距)應為2；遙控裝置應符合GB/T 16855.1的規定，性能等級(PL)c；
4) 當車輛在操作者的直接視野(90°)之外和/或在遙控范圍之外，車輛應自動停車；
5) 當一輛以上的車輛同時在遙控狀態下運行時，控制不應相互干擾。
d) 帶牽引裝置車輛的附加要求
1) 控制裝置(如后接觸裝置)應設計成操作者在操作時不需要在車輛和拖車之問走動；
2) 后接觸裝置應確保可靠，不會發生意外操作；
3) 當操作后接觸裝置時，車輛的運行速度不應超過2.5 km/h。
4.4.2.7在步駕式和站駕式車輛邊緣位置時的附加操作
操作者步行在步駕式和站駕式車輛旁進行的附加操作，應只有在車輛朝著載荷端的反方向運行時才可以。
只有當車輛靜止時，才能從車輛外部激活運行控制裝置。
當從車輛外部操縱運行控制裝置時，速度不應超過4 km/h。當運行控制裝置被釋放時，制動器應自動閉合。
