標準編號:	NB/T 47013.3-2023
中文名稱:	承壓設備無損檢測 第3部分：超聲檢測
英文名稱:	Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments.Part 3: Ultrasonic testing
行業分類:	NB    能源行業標準
發布機構:	國家能源局
發布日期:	2023-12-28
實施日期:	2024-6-28
標準狀態:	valid
替代舊標準:	NB/T 47013.3-2015 承壓設備無損檢測 第3部分:超聲檢測
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	140000 字
翻譯價格(元):	12000.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

NB/T 47013.3-2023 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing 1 Scope 1.1 This document specifies the ultrasonic testing methods and quality rating requirements for pressure equipment using A-mode pulse reflection method. 1.2 This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of raw materials, parts and components and welded joints made of metallic materials during the production and use of pressure equipment. 1.3 The ultrasonic testing of metallic supports and structural members (including welded joints) related to pressure equipment may also be carried out with reference to this document. 1.4 When the ultrasonic imaging technology combining A-display and other display methods is used for testing, this document may also serve as a reference. 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 699 Quality carbon structure steels GB/T 11259 Non-destructive testing - Practice for fabrication and control of steel reference blocks used in ultrasonic testing GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Ultrasonic testing GB/T 27664.1 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 1: Instruments GB/T 27664.2 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 2: Probes GB/T 29460 Safety assessment for electrofusion joint of polyethylene pipes containing defects GB/T 30579 Damage modes identification for pressure equipments JB/T 8428 Non-destructive testing - General specification for ultrasonic blocks JB/T 9214 Non-destructive testing - Test methods for evaluating performance characteristics of A-scan pulse-echo ultrasonic testing systems JB/T 10062 Testing methods for performance of probes used in ultrasonic flaw detection NB/T 47013.1 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 1: General requirements NB/T 47013.15 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 15: Phased-array ultrasonic testing ISO/IEC 17025 Testing and calibration laboratories 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions specified in GB/T 12604.1 and NB/T 47013.1 and the following apply. 3.1 reduction of backwall echo BG/BF ratio of the first backwall echo BG in the intact area close to the flaw place to the first backwall echo BF within the flaw place during forging inspection, which is expressed by their relative gain value (dB) 3.2 clustered indications five or more flaw reflection signals existing in a cubic area with a side length of 50mm during forging inspection, whose reflected amplitude is greater than or equal to the equivalent of a specific flat-bottomed hole 3.3 reference sensitivity sensitivity of regulating the echo height of reference reflector on the reference block or the backwall echo height of the tested workpiece to a certain reference 3.4 evaluation sensitivity sensitivity adjusted based on the reference sensitivity by considering factors such as surface roughness, curvature and material differences between the reference block and the tested workpiece, which is mainly used for workpiece testing and flaw evaluation 3.5 scanning sensitivity sensitivity by properly improving the instrument gain (dB value) for actual testing and scanning based on the evaluation sensitivity 3.6 flaw height distance between the upper and lower ends of the flaw in the thickness direction of the workpiece 3.7 echodynamic patterns envelope of the reflector echo amplitude change when the probe and the reflector move relatively 3.8 base material thickness, t a) by raw materials and parts and components: 1) for plates and pipes, t is the nominal thickness; 2) for clad steel plates, t is the nominal thickness of the base; 3) for annular or cylindrical forgings, t is the thickness of the cylindrical body; for cake-shaped or similar forgings, t is the minimum thickness; for other types of forgings, t is generally the dimension in the testing direction, or the dimension along the radial or axial direction. b) by welded joints: 1) for plate butt welded joints, if the base metal thicknesses at both sides of weld are the same, t is the nominal thickness of base material; if not, t is the nominal thickness of the thinner side of the base material; 2) for plug-in nozzle fillet joints, t is the nominal thickness of the cylinder (or the head or the main pipe); for mounted fillet joints for nozzle and cylinder (or head or main pipe), t is the nominal thickness of nozzle. 3) for T-shaped welded joints, t is the nominal thickness of web. 4 General requirements 4.1 Testing personnel 4.1.1 The general requirements for ultrasonic testing personnel shall comply with NB/T 47013.1. 4.1.2 Besides knowing and grasping the basic theory knowledge and having necessary experience on ultrasonic, the ultrasonic testing personnel shall have a basic knowledge of metallic materials, equipment manufacture and installation, welding, heat treatment, etc., and shall be familiar with the materials, manufacturing processes, acoustic characteristics and the like of the tested workpiece and be able to analyze, judge and handle the problems arising from the test. 4.2 Testing equipment and apparatus 4.2.1 Product quality certificates of ultrasonic testing instruments (hereinafter referred to as "instruments") and probes The product quality certificate of instruments shall provide at least the following main performance parameters: warm-up time, voltages for low-voltage alarming or low-voltage automatic shutdown, transmitted pulse repetition frequency, effective output impedance, transmitted pulse voltage, transmitted pulse rise time, transmitted pulse width (where square-wave pulse is adopted as transmitted pulse), frequency band of receiving circuit, etc. The product quality certificate of probes shall provide main parameters such as center frequency, bandwidth, impedance or static capacitance, relative pulse echo sensitivity, angle-beam probe acoustic beam performance (including point of incidence or front distance of probe, angle of refraction β or K value of the probe, etc.). 4.2.2 Instrument, probe and their combined performance 4.2.2.1 Instrument A-scan pulse-echo ultrasonic testing instrument is adopted, and its working frequency range shall be at least 0.5MHz to 10MHz when measured according to -3dB. The performance index of the instrument shall meet the requirements of Annex A, and certification documents issued by a third-party laboratory recognized by ISO/IEC 17025 shall be provided according to the specification and model. 4.2.2.2 Probe The diameter of circular wafer shall generally not be greater than 40mm, and the length of either side of square wafer shall generally not be greater than 40mm. The performance index of the probe shall meet the requirements of Annex B and certification documents issued by a third-party laboratory recognized by ISO/IEC 17025 shall be provided according to the specification and model. 4.2.2.3 Combined performance of instrument and probe 4.2.2.3.1 The combined performance of instrument and probe includes horizontal linearity, vertical linearity, combined frequency, sensitivity allowance, dead zone (for normal probe only) and far-field resolution. 4.2.2.3.2 The combined performance of instrument and probe shall be determined in case of any of the following situations: a) ultrasonic testing instruments and/or probes are newly purchased; b) the main components of the instrument and probe are repaired or replaced; c) the testing personnel have doubts. 4.2.2.3.3 The horizontal linear deviation shall not exceed 1%, and the vertical linear deviation shall not exceed 5%. 4.2.2.3.4 The deviation between the combined frequency of the instrument and probe and the nominal frequency of the probe shall not be greater than 10%. 4.2.2.3.5 The combined performance of the instrument and the normal probe shall also meet the following requirements: a) the sensitivity allowance shall not be less than 32dB; b) under the evaluation sensitivity, the dead zone shall not be greater than 10mm for the probe with a nominal frequency of 5MHz, and not be greater than 15mm for the probe with a nominal frequency of 2.5MHz; c) the far-field resolution of the normal probe shall not be less than 20dB. 4.2.2.3.6 The combined performance of the instrument and the angle-beam probe shall also meet the following requirements: a) the sensitivity allowance shall not be less than 42dB; b) the far-field resolution of the angle-beam probe shall not be less than 12dB. 4.2.2.3.7 The effective sensitivity allowance shall not be less than 10dB when the maximum testing sound path of the workpiece is reached. 4.2.2.3.8 The combined frequency of instrument and probe shall be tested in accordance with JB/T 10062, and other combined performances shall be tested in accordance with JB/T 9214. 4.2.3 Test block 4.2.3.1 Standard block 4.2.3.1.1 The standard block shall be the material block with specified chemical composition, surface roughness, heat treatment and geometric shape, which is used to evaluate and calibrate the performance of instrument probe system. The standard blocks adopted in this document are CSK-IA, DZ-I and DB-P Z20-2. 4.2.3.1.2 The specific geometric shape, dimension and surface roughness of CSK-IA shall meet the requirements of this document, while those of DZ-I and DB-P Z20-2 shall meet the requirements of JB/T 9214. 4.2.3.1.3 The manufacturing and dimensional precision of the standard block shall meet the requirements of JB/T 8428. The manufacturer of the test block shall provide the product quality certificate, and ensure that the maximum reflection amplitude difference of each standard block manufactured by it shall be less than or equal to 2dB when compared with the same reflector (surface) on the national standard sample or similar standard block with value dissemination benchmark under the same test conditions.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 General requirements 5 Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating of raw materials or parts and components for pressure equipment 6 Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating of welded joints for pressure equipment 7 Ultrasonic measurement of thickness of pressure equipment 8 Ultrasonic testing method for pressure equipment in use 9 Ultrasonic testing records and report Annex A (Normative) Electrical performance indicator requirements for ultrasonic instrument Annex B (Normative) Performance indicator requirements for ultrasonic testing probe Annex C (Normative) Performance requirements for dual-transducer normal-beam probe Annex D (Normative) Testing method and acceptance criteria for plates for pressure equipment using ultrasonic angle-beam probe Annex E (Normative) Testing method and quality rating for annular and cylindrical carbon steel and low alloy steel forgings for pressure equipment using ultrasonic angle-beam probe Annex F (Normative) Testing method for annular and cylindrical austenitic stainless steel forgings for pressure equipment using ultrasonic angle-beam probe Annex G (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for surfacing layer of pressure equipment Annex H (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for butt joints of aluminum, aluminum alloy and titanium pressure equipment Annex I (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for austenitic stainless steel and nickel-based alloy welded joints of pressure equipment Annex J (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method of curved longitudinal butt joint of pressure equipment Annex K (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method of curved circumferential butt joint of pressure equipment Annex L (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for fillet joint between nozzle and cylinder (or head) of pressure equipment Annex M (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for T-shaped welded joints of pressure equipment Annex N (Normative) Specific requirements for ultrasonic testing of different types of welded joints Annex O (Normative) CSK-IIIA block Annex P (Normative) Determination of loss difference in acoustic energy transmission Annex Q (Normative) Echodynamic patterns Annex R (Normative) Flaw height determination method (I): Endpoint diffraction wave method Annex S (Normative) Flaw height determination method (II): End maximum wave height method Annex T (Normative) Flaw height determination method (III): -6dB-drop technique Annex U (Informative) Ultrasonic testing method for pressure equipment using imaging technology

NB/T 47013.3-2023 承壓設備無損檢測 第3部分：超聲檢測 1 范圍 1.1 本文件規定了承壓設備采用A型脈沖反射法超聲檢測的方法和質量等級評定要求。 1.2 本文件適用于承壓設備生產和使用過程中金屬材料制原材料、零部件和焊接接頭的超聲檢測。 1.3 與承壓設備有關的金屬材料制支承件和結構件(包括焊接接頭)的超聲檢測，可參照本文件的規定執行。 1.4 當采用A型顯示和其他顯示方式相結合的超聲成像技術進行檢測時，也可參照本文件的規定執行。 2 規范性引用文件 下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB/T 699 優質碳素結構鋼 GB/T 11259 無損檢測 超聲檢測用鋼參考試塊的制作和控制方法 GB/T 12604.1 無損檢測 術語 超聲檢測 GB/T 27664.1 無損檢測 超聲檢測設備的性能與檢驗 第1部分：儀器 GB/T 27664.2 無損檢測 超聲檢測設備的性能與檢驗 第2部分，探頭 GB/T 29460 含缺陷聚乙烯管道電熔接頭安全評定 GB/T 30579 承壓設備損傷模式識別 JB/T 8428 無損檢測 超聲試塊通用規范 JB/T 9214 無損檢測 A型脈沖反射式超聲檢測系統工作性能測試方法 JB/T 10062 超聲探傷用探頭性能測試方法 NB/T 47013.1 承壓設備無損檢測 第1部分：通用要求 NB/T 47013.15 承壓設備無損檢測 第15部分，相控陣超聲檢測 ISO/IEC 17025 Testing and calibration laboratories 3 術語和定義 GB/T 12604.1和NB/T 47013.1界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。 3.1 底波降低量BG/BF reduction of backwall echo BG/BF 鍛件檢測時，在靠近缺陷處的完好區域內第一次底面回波波幅BG與缺陷區域內的第一次底面回波波幅BF的比值，[用二者相對增益值(dB值)來表示]。 3.2 密集區缺陷 clustered indications 鍛件檢測時，邊長為50mm的立方體區域內同時存在5個或5個以上且其反射波幅均大于或等于某一特定平底孔當量的缺陷反射信號。 3.3 參考靈敏度 reference sensitivity 將對比試塊上參考反射體的回波高度或被檢工件的底面回波高度調整到某一基準時的靈敏度。 3.4 基準靈敏度 evaluation sensitivity 在參考靈敏度基礎上，考慮對比試塊與被檢工件之間因表面粗糙度不同、曲率不同、材質差異等因素進行調整后所得到的靈敏度。基準靈敏度主要用于工件的檢測和缺陷的評定。 3.5 掃查靈敏度 scanning sensitivity 在基準靈敏度基礎上，適當提高儀器增益(dB值)后用于實際檢測掃查的靈敏度。 3.6 缺陷高度 flaw height 缺陷上下端點在工件厚度方向上的距離。 3.7 回波動態波形 echodynamic patterns 探頭與反射體相對移動時，反射體回波波幅變化的包絡線。 3.8 工件厚度t base material thickness a) 原材料、零部件： 1) 對于板材和管材，工件厚度t為其公稱厚度。 2) 對于復合鋼板，工件厚度t為基材公稱厚度。 3) 對于環形或筒形鍛件，工件厚度t為筒體厚度；對于餅形或類似鍛件，工件厚度t為其最小厚度；對于其他類型鍛件，工件厚度t一般指檢測方向上的尺寸，或指沿徑向或軸向的尺寸。 b) 焊接接頭： 1) 對于平板對接接頭，焊縫兩側母材厚度相等時，工件厚度t為母材公稱厚度；焊縫兩側母材厚度不等時，工件厚度t為薄側母材公稱厚度。 2) 對于插入式接管角接接頭，工件厚度t為筒體(或封頭或母管)公稱厚度；對于接管與筒體(或封頭或母管)安放式角接接頭，工件厚度t為接管公稱厚度。 3) 對于T形焊接接頭，工件厚度t為腹板公稱厚度。 4 一般要求 4.1 檢測人員 4.1.1 對超聲檢測人員的一般要求應符合NB/T 47013.1的規定。 4.1.2 超聲檢測人員除理解和掌握基本的超聲理論和必要的實踐經驗外，還應具備一定的金屬材料、設備制造安裝、焊接及熱處理等方面的基本知識，熟悉被檢工件的材質、制造工藝及聲學特性等，并能對檢測中出現的問題能作出分析、判斷和處理。 4.2 檢測設備和器材 4.2.1 超聲檢測儀器(以下簡稱“儀器”)和探頭產品質量合格證明 儀器產品質量合格證中應至少給出預熱時間、低電壓報警電壓或低電壓自動關機電壓、發射脈沖重復頻率、有效輸出阻抗、發射脈沖電壓、發射脈沖上升時間、發射脈沖寬度(采用方波脈沖作為發射脈沖時)以及接收電路頻帶等主要性能參數；探頭質量合格證中應給出中心頻率、帶寬、電阻抗或靜電容、相對脈沖回波靈敏度以及斜探頭聲束性能(包括探頭入射點或前沿、探頭折射角β或K值等)等主要參數。 4.2.2 儀器、探頭和組合性能 4.2.2.1 儀器 采用A型脈沖反射式超聲檢測儀，其工作頻率按－3dB測量應至少包括0.5MHz～10MHz頻率范圍，儀器的性能指標應滿足附錄A的要求，并按規格型號提供具有ISO/IEC 17025認可的第三方實驗室出具的證明文件。 4.2.2.2 探頭 圓形晶片直徑一般應小于或等于40mm，方形晶片任一邊長一般應不大于40mm，探頭的性能指標應滿足附錄B的要求，并按規格型號提供具有ISO/IEC 17025認可的第三方實驗室出具的證明文件。 4.2.2.3 儀器和探頭的組合性能 4.2.2.3.1 儀器和探頭的組合性能包括水平線性、垂直線性、組合頻率、靈敏度余量、盲區(僅限直探頭)和遠場分辨力。 4.2.2.3.2 在下列任一情況時應測定儀器和探頭的組合性能： a) 新購置的超聲檢測儀器和(或)探頭； b) 儀器和探頭在維修或更換主要部件后； c) 檢測人員有懷疑時。 4.2.2.3.3 水平線性偏差應不大于1％，垂直線性偏差應不大于5％。 4.2.2.3.4 儀器和探頭的組合頻率與探頭標稱頻率偏差應不大于10％。 4.2.2.3.5 儀器-直探頭組合性能還應符合以下要求： a) 靈敏度余量應不小于32dB； b) 在基準靈敏度下，對于標稱頻率為5MHz的探頭，盲區應不大于10mm；對于標稱頻率為2.5MHz的探頭，盲區應不大于15mm； c) 直探頭遠場分辨力應不小于20dB。 4.2.2.3.6 儀器-斜探頭組合性能還應符合以下要求： a) 靈敏度余量應不小于42dB； b) 斜探頭遠場分辨力應不小于12dB。 4.2.2.3.7 在達到所探工件的最大檢測聲程時，其有效靈敏度余量應不小于10dB。 4.2.2.3.8 儀器和探頭組合頻率的測試方法應符合JB/T 10062的規定，其他組合性能的測試方法應符合JB/T 9214的規定。 4.2.3 試塊 4.2.3.1 標準試塊 4.2.3.1.1 標準試塊應為具有規定的化學成分、表面粗糙度、熱處理及幾何形狀的材料塊，用于評定和校準儀器探頭系統性能。本文件采用的標準試塊為CSK-IA、DZ-I和DB-P Z20-2。 4.2.3.1.2 CSK-IA試塊的具體幾何形狀、尺寸及表面粗糙度等符合本文件的規定，DZ-I試塊和DB-P Z20-2試塊的具體幾何形狀、尺寸及表面粗糙度等應符合JB/T 9214的規定。 4.2.3.1.3 標準試塊的制造和尺寸精度應符合JB/T 8428的規定，試塊制造商應提供產品質量合格證，并確保在相同測試條件下比較其所制造的每一標準試塊與國家標準樣品或類似具備量值傳遞基準的標準試塊上的同種反射體(面)時，其最大反射波幅差應小于或等于2dB。 4.2.3.2 對比試塊 4.2.3.2.1 對比試塊應為與試件或被檢材料聲學特性相似、含有意義明確的參考反射體、用以調節超聲檢測儀的幅度和(或)時基線，以將所檢出的不連續信號(即缺陷信號)與參考反射體所產生的信號相比較的試塊。 4.2.3.2.2 當采用直探頭檢測時，對比試塊所用原材料中不得有大于或等于φ2mm平底孔當量的缺陷。 4.2.3.2.3 不同被檢工件超聲檢測用對比試塊參考反射體的形狀、尺寸和數量應符合本文件相關章節及附錄的規定。 4.2.3.2.4 對比試塊的尺寸公差在本文件有明確要求時按本文件的規定制作，無明確要求時應按JB/T 8428的規定制作。 4.2.3.2.5 對比試塊分為通用對比試塊和專用對比試塊 4.2.3.2.5.1 通用對比試塊 a) 通用對比試塊的幾何形狀、尺寸和參考反射體設置按本文件各章節圖樣規定，其尺寸精度應滿足JB/T 8428的要求。 b) 通用對比試塊的制作材料應選用電爐或平爐熔煉的20#優質碳素結構鋼，化學成分符合GB/T 699的規定，經鍛壓成形后再作正火處理以確保材質均勻而不存在聲各向異性，晶粒度7級～8級；當采用直探頭檢測時不得有大于或等于φ2mm平底孔當量的缺陷。 4.2.3.2.5.2 專用對比試塊 a) 專用對比試塊與被檢工件的材料聲學性能(二者間聲速偏差率應不超過±1％，用5MHz探頭測試的衰減系數相差應不超過±2dB/m)和制造工藝相同或相似。 b) 專用對比試塊的外形幾何尺寸應在一定程度上能代表被檢工件的特征，試塊厚度應與被檢工件的厚度相對應。如果涉及不同工件厚度對接接頭的檢測，試塊厚度的選擇應由較大工件厚度確定。 c) 若作為4.3.3所規定的工藝驗證用途時，還應考慮被檢工件中可能存在的缺陷類型、大小、位置和取向并設置相應的參考反射體。 4.2.3.2.5.3 對比試塊選用的一般原則 a) 對于碳素鋼、低合金鋼制原材料、零部件或焊接接頭，可采用通用對比試塊； b) 對于中合金鋼、高合金鋼制原材料、零部件或焊接接頭，應采用專用對比試塊； c) 對于因試塊類型選擇不同而造成檢測結果的差異時，應以專用對比試塊為準。 4.2.3.3 模擬試塊 4.2.3.3.1 模擬試塊是指含有模擬缺陷的試塊，主要用于檢測工藝驗證。 4.2.3.3.2 模擬試塊的材料和聲學特性應與被檢工件相同或相近(聲速偏差率應不大于1％，用5MHz探頭測試的衰減系數偏差應不大于2dB/m)，當采用直探頭檢測試塊所用原材料時，不得有大于或等于φ2mm平底孔當量的缺陷。 4.2.3.3.3 模擬試塊的幾何形狀、厚度和表面條件均應與被檢工件相同或相近。 4.2.3.3.4 對于焊接接頭，其模擬缺陷應采用與被檢工件相同焊接方法制備或使用以往檢測中發現的真實缺陷制備；對于非焊接接頭被檢工件，其模擬缺陷應具有與真實缺陷類似的形態和聲學特征。 4.2.3.3.5 模擬缺陷的類型、位置、尺才和數量設置應考慮被檢工件中可能存在的缺陷狀態。對于焊接接頭，應至少包括縱向和橫向缺陷，體積型和面積型缺陷，表面和埋藏缺陷等，缺陷長度一般不大于相應承壓設備合格質量等級所規定的相同工件厚度的最大允許缺陷尺寸，可由一塊或多塊同厚度范圍的試塊組成。 4.2.4 耦合劑 4.2.4.1 耦合劑透聲性應較好且不損傷檢測表面，如機油、化學漿糊、甘油和水等。 4.2.4.2 耦合劑污染物含量的控制 4.2.4.2.1 鎳基合金上使用的耦合劑含硫量應不大于250mg/L。 4.2.4.2.2 奧氏體型不銹鋼或鈦材上使用的耦合劑鹵素(氯和氟)的總含量應不大于250mg/L。 4.2.5 超聲檢測設備和器材的校準、核查、運行核查和檢查的要求 4.2.5.1 校準、核查和運行核查應在標準試塊和對比試塊上進行，應使探頭主聲束垂直對準反射體的反射面，以獲得穩定和最大的反射信號。 4.2.5.2 校準或核查 4.2.5.2.1 應至少每年對超聲檢測儀和探頭組合性能中的水平線性和垂直線性、組合頻率、盲區(僅限直探頭)、靈敏度余量、分辨力以及儀器的衰減器精度，進行一次校準并記錄，測試要求應符合4.2.2.3的規定。 4.2.5.2.2 應至少每年對標準試塊與對比試塊的表面腐蝕與機械損份，進行一次核查。 4.2.5.2.3 應至少每5年宜將標準試塊與國家標準樣品或類似具備量值傳遞基準的標準試塊的同種反射體(面)回波幅度進行一次核查，其差值應小于或等于2dB。 4.2.5.3 運行核查 4.2.5.3.1 模擬超聲檢測儀每3個月或數字超聲檢測儀每6個月至少對儀器和探頭組合性能中的水平線性和垂直線性，進行一次運行核查并記錄，測試要求應符合4.2.2.3的規定。 4.2.5.3.2 應至少每3個月對盲區(僅限直探頭)、靈敏度余量和分辨力進行一次運行核查并記錄，測試要求應符合4.2.2.3的規定。 4.2.5.4 檢查 4.2.5.4.1 每次檢測前應檢查超聲檢測設備和器材的外觀、線纜連接和開機信號顯示等情況是否正常。 4.2.5.4.2 使用斜探頭時，檢測前應測定探頭入射點(前沿)和探頭折射角(K值)。 4.2.5.5 校準、運行核查和檢查時的注意事項 校準、運行核查和檢查時，應將影響儀器線性的控制器(如抑制或濾波開關等)均置于“關”的位置或處于最低水平上。 4.3 檢測工藝 4.3.1 檢測工藝文件 4.3.1.1 檢測工藝文件由工藝規程和操作指導書組成。 4.3.1.2 工藝規程 4.3.1.2.1 工藝規程應符合NB/T 47013.1的規定。 4.3.1.2.2 工藝規程應由檢測機構依據相關法規、產品標準、有關的技術文件和本文件的規定等進行編制。 4.3.1.2.3 檢測機構還應依據本身的特點、技術能力及資源條件等進行工藝規程編制。 4.3.1.2.4 當工藝規程依據的相關法規、產品標準、有關的技術文件和本文件的規定有變動時，或者依據的檢測機構的特點和技術能力及資源條件等有變化時，檢測機構應重新編制或修訂工藝規程。 4.3.1.2.5 工藝規程應規定表1和相關章節及附錄所列相關因素的適用范圍或要求。相關因素的變化超出規定的范圍或要求時(表1中第13～第16項除外)，檢測機構應重新修訂工藝規程。 表1 超聲檢測工藝規程應涉及的相關因素