1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This standard was formulated with a view to implementing the national technical economic policies, saving resources, protecting the environment, standardizing the assessment of green buildings and promoting sustainable development.
[Explanation]
Buildings will occupy and consume a large quantity of resources during construction and use and will generate adverse impact on the environment. China faces a severe problem of insufficient total and per-capita resources but an incredible growth rate of consumption, and is far below the developed countries in term of resource recycling rate. Moreover, China is in the accelerated development period of industrialization and urbanization, and the total consumption of energy resources is growing rapidly year by year. It's a very significant but urgent task to develop green buildings in China. To actively guide the development of green buildings, it will be of very important significance to draw lessons from the international advanced experience, establish a set of green building assessment systems suitable for China's national situation, formulate and implement uniform and normative assessment criteria and reflect the concept of sustainable development of building field.
The previous edition "Evaluation Standard for Green Building" (GB/T 50378-2006) of the "Standard" (hereinafter referred to as "2006 edition of this standard") is the second multiple-objective and multi-level comprehensive assessment standard for green buildings formulated by summarizing the practical experience and research achievements on green buildings in China and drawing lessons from the international advanced experience. 2006 edition of this standard makes clear the definition, assessment indexes and assessment methods of green buildings, and establishes the development concept and assessment system of green buildings centered on "energy saving, land saving, water saving, materials saving and environmental protection". Since it was published and put into force in 2006, it has become an important basis for the study and preparation of various green building standards and effectively guides the practical work of green buildings in China. As of the end of 2014, it has been applied for assessment of 2,538 green building projects accumulatively, with total building area up to 290,000,000m2.
Since the "12th Five-year Plan", China's green buildings have been developing rapidly. With gradual promoting of all work of green buildings, the connotation and extension of green buildings are continuously enriched, and the demand of practicing green concept in all industries and building types is continuously proposed, and 2006 edition of this standard is no longer able to fully adapt to the need of practice and assessment work of green buildings at the present stage. Therefore, according to the requirements of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, it is revised by China Academy of Building Research and Shanghai Research Institute of Building Sciences (Group) Co., Ltd. in conjunction with the organizations concerned.
1.0.2 This standard is applicable to assessment of green civil buildings.
[Explanation]
Due to different use functions of buildings, there are also large differences in their resource consumption and environmental impact. 2006 edition of this standard focuses on the assessment of the residential buildings with large amount and the office buildings, commercial buildings and hotel buildings with relatively large resource consumption among public buildings. In this revision, the application scope of the "Standard" is further extended from the residential buildings and the office buildings, commercial buildings and hotel buildings among public buildings to all main types of civil buildings, with the main considerations as follows:
(1) On basis of the working practice of green building assessment in recent years, the connotation and extension of green building are continuously enriched, and the demand of practicing green concept in all industries and building types is continuously proposed. As of the end of 2012, among 742 green building identification projects, five are of medical treatment and health care type, nine are of conference and exhibition type and twelve are of school education type, but it is reflected in specific assessment that 2006 edition of this standard is insufficient and requires appropriate adjustment when being applied for these building types.
(2) In recent years, some assessment standards for green buildings in allusion to specific building types have been successively approved, like "Evaluation Standard for Green Office Building" (GB/T 50908-2013), "Assessment Standard for Green Store Building" (submitted for approval), "Assessment Standard for Green Restaurant Building", "Assessment Standard for Green Hospital Building" (submitted for approval) and "Assessment Standard for Green Museum Building" (submitted for approval), etc. The "Standard" makes comprehensive consideration of various civil buildings, including above-mentioned building types and certainly will contribute to the coordination among all relevant national standards, and a system of green building assessment standards, which have respective characteristics but are relatively uniform, will be formed.
(3) The project test assessment work also incorporates four projects of medical treatment and health care type, five ones of conference and exhibition type and seven ones of school education as well as such buildings as terminals and logistics center, and preliminarily verifies the applicability of the "Standard" to it.
1.0.3 The assessment of green buildings shall be in accordance with local conditions and in combination with the climate, environment, resource, economy, culture, etc. at the place where the building is located, and then a comprehensive assessment shall be carried out to the building in terms of the energy, land, water and materials saving together with environmental protection within the total service life of the building.
[Explanation]
Adaptation to local conditions is the most important basic principle for construction of green buildings, and it shall be especially emphasized in allusion to the national condition that various areas have relatively large differences in climate, environment, resource, economic and social development level, folk culture and other aspects due to the vast territory of China. The assessment of green buildings shall take comprehensive consideration of the climate, environment, resource, economy, culture and other conditions and characteristics at the location of green buildings. It is a total service life of a building from its planning and design to construction and to its operation, use and final demolition. This revision basically realizes the coverage of all links and stages in the total service life of a building. Energy saving, land saving, water saving, materials saving and environmental protection (four savings and environmental protection) are the core content of the development and assessment of green buildings in China. The green buildings shall maximally achieve energy saving, land saving, water saving, materials saving and environmental protection during its total service life and shall also meet the functional requirements of buildings. In combination with functional requirements of a building, the assessment of it in terms of its four savings and environmental protection performance shall achieve comprehensive consideration, overall plan and general equilibrium.
1.0.4 The assessment of green buildings shall not only meet the requirements of this standard, but also comply with those in the current relevant ones of the nation.
[Explanation]
Compliance with the national laws and regulations and relevant standards is the precondition of participating in the assessment of green buildings. This standard focuses on the assessment of buildings in terms of the four savings and environmental protection performance, and does not cover all the due functional and performance requirements of general buildings, like structure safety and fire safety, etc., thus the buildings undergoing assessment shall also comply with those specified in the current relevant standards of the nation. Certainly, the assessment work of green building shall also meet the requirements of current relevant standards of the nation.
2 Terminologies
2.0.1 Green building
Building which is able to maximally save resources (energy, land, water and materials), protect the environment, reduce pollution, provide people with a healthy, suitable and high-performance application space and have harmonious coexistence with the nature.
2.0.2 Heat island intensity
The characterization parameter of urban heat island effect, by which the difference of the temperature between one area in the city and the suburb is expressed by the temperature difference between the typical measuring points.
2.0.3 Annual runoff volume capture ratio
Ratio of the amount of accumulated annual rainfall under control, through natural and artificial intensified infiltration, retention and storage, collection and reuse, in the site to the total rainfall in one year.
2.0.4 Renewable energy
A general term of non-fossil energies, like wind energy, solar energy, hydroenergy, biomass energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy, etc.
2.0.5 Reclaimed water
The undrinkable water obtained by appropriately treating the wastewater to reach a certain water quality standard and to meet a certain kind of service requirements.
2.0.6 Non-traditional water source
The water sources that are different from the traditional surface water source and groundwater source, including reclaimed water, rainwater, sea water, etc.
2.0.7 Reusable material
Reclaimed materials which are reusable directly without changing the physical form or after combination and restoration.
2.0.8 Recyclable material
Reclaimed materials which are likely to reach cyclic utilization by changing the physical form.
3 Basic Requirements
3.1 General Requirements
3.1.1 In assessment of green buildings, a single building or building group shall be taken as the assessment object. Where a single building is assessed, any index related to systematicness and integrity shall be assessed on basis of the entirety of the engineering project to which this building belongs.
[Explanation]
Single buildings and building groups may be applied for assessment as green building. Where a single building in certain engineering project undergoes assessment, some assessment indexes (e.g., the greening rate of residential area) are set in allusion to this engineering project or other buildings in this engineering project are also adopted with the same technical scheme (e.g., utilization of reclaimed water), and it is difficult to carry out the assessment only on basis of this single building, and in this case the assessment shall be carried out on basis of the entirety of the engineering project to which this building belongs.
Building group refers to a group composed of two or more single adjacent buildings which have the same functions and ownership as well as the same or similar technical system. Common building groups include residential building group and office building group. During the assessment of a building group, each single building may be assessed with the scoring items and bonus items given in this standard to obtain the total score of each single building, and then weighted calculation shall be carried out according to the building area of single building to obtain the total score of this building group, and finally the green building class of this building group shall be determined based on its total score.
The buildings under assessment shall not be a temporary building (e.g., mostly the ice and snow buildings in the north and the container building appeared in the south in recent years), and shall be a complete building without any part of area excluded. No matter whether the assessment object is a single building or building group, in the calculation of systematicness and integrity indexes, overall assessment shall be carried out on basis of the scope and area covered by this index, and the border of computational domain shall be reasonable, with consistent aperture and be able to completely enclose.
The usual systematicness and integrity indexes mainly include: residential land per capita, floor area ratio, greening rate, public green area per capita, annual runoff volume capture ratio, etc.
3.1.2 Assessment of green buildings consists of design assessment and operation assessment. The design assessment shall be carried out after the construction drawing design document for the construction engineering is examined and approved while the operation assessment shall be carried out one year after the building is completed and accepted and put into service.
[Explanation]
2006 edition of this standard requires that the assessment shall be carried out one year after the building has been put into service. However, the green building assessment label has been classified into "green building design label" and "green building assessment label" in the "Implementation Regulations for Green Building Assessment Label (revision on trial)" (JianKeZong [2008] No.61) which is issued subsequently. Moreover, the working practice of many years proves that such kind of assessment in stages is feasible and has active action to the promotion of green building in China. Therefore, the assessment stages are also divided in the "Standard" for the convenience of better use in conjunction with the relevant management documents.
As for the specific method, according to the results of the public opinions solicited previously, most of the fedback opinions agree to assess the contents of the two chapters - "Construction Management" and "Operation Management" only at the operation stage. On basis of this, the "Standard" specifies the content of design assessment in five chapters, i.e., "Land Saving and Outdoor Environment", "Energy Saving and Energy Utilization", "Water Saving and Water Resource Utilization", "Materials Saving and Material Resource Utilization" and "Indoor Environment Quality", and specifies the content of operation assessment in two more chapters, i.e., "Construction Management" and "Operation Management" in addition to aforesaid five chapters.
It is specified in Article 3.1.1 that assessment of green buildings shall take an intact building as the basic object. The design assessment shall adhere to this principle, and shall not carry out green assessment on part of area in one building. However, operation assessment may be relatively flexible in some cases, which mainly means that if the multi-functional integrated buildings of two or more owners exist, the principle of "taking one intact building as the basic object" shall be considered at first, and the owners shall be encouraged to jointly apply for operation assessment; where all the owners cannot file application jointly but some owner(s) is (are) willing to separately file an application, operation assessment may be carried out to part of the area in a building, however the area being applied for operation assessment shall have a building area no less than 20,000m2 and shall have relatively independent HVAC, water supply and drainage and other relevant equipment and systems, and the power, gas, heat and water consumption in this area may be measureable independently. The owner applying for operation assessment (especially part of the areas) shall make clear the area covered by its property right and operation management, and the systematicness and integrity indexes concerned shall undergo overall assessment based on the scope or area covered by the index (see Article 3.1.1 for details).
3.1.3 The assessment applicant shall carry out both technical and economic analyses for the total service life of the building so as to rationally determine the building scale and to adopt appropriate building technology, equipment and materials, and shall control the whole process of planning, design, construction and operation stages and submit the corresponding analyses and test reports as well as relevant documents.
[Explanation]
The assessment applicant shall make decision according to the relevant management system documents. This article gives requirements for the relevant work of assessment applicant. As for green building, the energy resource saving and environmental protection performance within the total service life are stressed, thus the assessment applicant shall exercise control over all stages in the total service life of the building, take comprehensive consideration of such factors as performance, safety, durability, economy and aesthetics, optimize the selection of building technology, equipment and materials, comprehensively assess the general equilibrium among building scale, building technology and investment, and submit the corresponding analyses and test reports and the relevant documents according to the requirements of this standard.
3.1.4 The assessment organization shall verify the reports and documents submitted by the assessment applicant according to the relevant requirements of this standard, issue the assessment report and rate a grade. The buildings applied for operation assessment shall also be subject to site survey.
[Explanation]
The green building assessment organization shall make decision according to the relevant management system documents. This article gives requirements for the relevant work of green building assessment organization. The green building assessment organization shall review the reports and documents submitted by the assessment applicant according to the relevant requirements of this standard, and shall rate a grade in the assessment report. As for the buildings applied for operation assessment, the assessment organization shall also organize site survey to further check the implementation condition of the requirements stated in planning and design as well as the actual performance and operation effect of the building.
3.2 Assessment and Rating
3.2.1 The green building assessment index system consists of seven kinds of indexes, including land saving and outdoor environment, energy saving and energy utilization, water saving and water resource utilization, materials saving and material resource utilization, indoor environment quality, construction management and operation management. Each kind of indexes includes control items and scoring items. The assessment index system also has bonus items uniformly.
[Explanation]
As for the main category of indexes, in addition to the six kinds of indexes, i.e., land saving and outdoor environment, energy saving and energy utilization, water saving and water resource utilization, materials saving and material resource utilization, indoor environment quality and operation management, as stated in 2006 edition of this standard, "construction management" is added in the "Standard" to better cover the total service life of the building.
In this revision, "general items" and "optimal items" stated in 2006 edition of this standard are changed into "scoring items". This revision also adds "bonus items" in order to encourage the technical and managerial innovation and improvement of green building in terms of resource saving and environmental protection. The provisions about "bonus items" may be respectively classified into the seven kinds of indexes, but they are all explained intensively in three separate chapters in this revision in order to distinguish the incentive requirements and measures from the basic requirements in seven aspects of green buildings.
Regarding the specific indexes (provisions about assessment), according to the results of early investigations in every respect and the condition fedback in consultation and project test assessment, and starting from the fact that there is a slight improvement of difficulty level to reach each assessment class after the revision of this standard and from the purpose to make the quantity of identification items for each star-level green building be in pyramid distribution as much as possible, the assessment index system is hereby further improved in this revision by supplementing, refining, deleting, simplifying and modifying the content or index values, adding, cancelling, separating, combining and adjusting the position of chapters and sections or the index property, as detailed in Appendix A.
3.2.2 Design assessment is not carried out for indexes of construction management and operation management but the pre-assessment of the relevant provisions are possible. The operation assessment shall cover 7 kinds of indexes.
[Explanation]
Operation assessment assesses the final results and inspects whether the green building truly meets the effect of "four saving and environmental protection" after being put into service, it shall cover all the indexes. Design assessment is targeted at drawings and schemes and does not involve construction and operation, thus it will not cover the indexes of construction management and operation management. However, if part of the measures in terms of construction management and operation management can be considered in advance and pre-assessed during design assessment, it will be helpful to achieve the purposes of resource saving and environmental protection of these two stages.
In the "Standard", there are ten provisions totally that are allowed to be pre-assessed during design assessment, i.e., Articles 9.1.4, 9.2.6, 9.2.7, 9.2.12 and 9.2.13 in Chapter 9-"Construction Management" and Articles 10.1.2, 10.1.5, 10.2.7, 10.2.8 and 10.2.12 in Chapter 10-"Operation Management".
3.2.3 The assessment result is "pass" or "fail" for control items; assessment result is the score for scoring items and bonus items.
[Explanation]
The assessment of control items is the same as stated in 2006 edition of this standard. As for assessment of scoring items, whether a score will be awarded shall be determined according to those specified in the provisions about assessment; if a score is awarded, the scores of the specific scoring subitems shall be determined as required or according to the specific conformance degree. As for assessment of bonus items, whether a score will be awarded shall be determined according to those specified in the provisions about assessment.
The scoring items in this standard may be scored in the following several modes:
1. A fixed score will be awarded if one provision is used for judging one kind of performance or technical indexes and it is unnecessary to award different scores based on different conformance conditions; if the score is 0 or a fixed value, it will be expressed as "the assessment score is * points" in the main text of this provision, see Article 4.2.5;
2. If one provision is used for judging one kind of performance or technical indexes and it is required to award different scores based on different conformance conditions, "the total assessment score is * points" will be expressed in the main text of this provision, and moreover all the scores will be expressed in the form of "* points" in ascending order in the main text of this provision, see Article 4.2.14; this scoring mode in ascending order shall be adopted for the site annual runoff volume capture ratio; in the case that a large number of ascending grades are involved or the scoring is extremely complex, the scores will be listed in table and will be expressed as "scoring according to the rules stated in Table *" in the main text of this provision, see Article 4.2.1;
3. If one provision is used for judging one kind of performance or technical indexes but it is necessary to make judgement respectively in allusion to different building types or characteristics, scores will be awarded respectively per clause or item in allusion to various types and characteristics and the score of each clause or item is equal to that of this provision, and it will be expressed as "the following scoring rules are subject to, with maximum as * points" in the main text of this provision, see Article 4.2.11;
4. If one provision is used for judging multiple technical indexes, the judgement of these technical indexes will be expressed per clause or item and they will be scored per clause or item, and the score of this provision is the sum of the scores of all its clauses or items and will be expressed as "the following scoring rules are subject to, with accumulated maximum as * points" in the main text of this provision, see Article 4.2.4;
5. If one provision is used for judging multiple technical indexes and one technical index therein needs a different score according to different conformance conditions, the judgment shall be carried out per multiple technical indexes and expressed in the form of clause or item and the score shall be awarded per clause or item at first, and then some technical indexes shall be scored in ascending order according to their different conformance degree. Take Article 4.2.2 for example, 2 points are scored for the greening rate of residential area and 7 points for the public green area per capita in residential area at maximum, thereinto the public green area per capita in residential area is also awarded with 3, 5 and 7 points respectively per different conformance degree; 7 points are scored for the greening rate of public buildings at maximum and 2 points for "public opening of the green land of public buildings", and thereinto the greening rate of public buildings is also awarded with 2, 5 and 7 points respectively per different conformance degree. This scoring mode is the combination of above Items 2, 3 and 4.
A few provisions may have the combination of other scoring modes.
The score of each assessment provision in this standard shall be comprehensively adjusted and determined via widely soliciting for opinions and test assessment. In the main text of each provision about scoring items and bonus items in this standard, the "assessment score" or "total assessment score" is given, which is the highest available score of this provision. It shall be particularly stated that, as for the case that a clause (item) in an individual provision is inapplicable, it has been defined in the Explanation of Provisions or the Guidelines that some such clauses (items) may be treated by directly scoring (e.g., Items 1 and 2 in Article 4.2.4), and some may be treated by eliminating from the assessment (e.g., Item 1 in Article 7.2.6).
3.2.4 As for the assessment of green buildings, the building class shall be determined according to the total score.
[Explanation]
Being different from the mode as stated in 2006 edition of this standard to determine the green building class according to the quantity values of provisions respectively met by the general items and optimal items of various indexes, this standard determines the class of green buildings according to the total score. In consideration of the relative difference between various indexes in term of the importance, weighting is introduced during calculation of total score. Meanwhile, in order to encourage promotion and innovation in aspects of technology and management of green buildings, the additional score by bonus items is also included during calculation of total score.
The total score of design assessment is the sum of the weighted values of the scores for scoring items of five kinds of indexes (land saving and outdoor environment, energy saving and energy utilization, water saving and water resource utilization, materials saving and material resource utilization, and indoor environment quality) and the additional scores of bonus items; the total score of operation assessment is the sum of the weighted values of the scores for scoring items of seven kinds of indexes (land saving and outdoor environment, energy saving and energy utilization, water saving and water resource utilization, materials saving and material resource utilization, indoor environment quality, construction management, and operation management) and the additional scores of bonus items.
3.2.5 The total score of the seven kinds of indexes in the assessment index system is 100 points. The scores, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6 and Q7, for respective scoring items of the seven kinds of indexes shall be calculated as the actual points of the scoring item for the index of assessed building divided by the total scores of the scoring item suitable for the building and then multiplied by 100 points.
[Explanation]
In this revision, the class of the green building is determined according to the total assessment score. The total score of each among the seven kinds of indexes is 100 points, which may be referred to as "theoretical full score".
As for the specific buildings under assessment, as they are objectively different from each other in terms of function and the climate, environment and resource at their location, there are always some inapplicable provisions (the simplest example is that the provisions on heating are not applicable to the residential buildings in non-heating area), and the inapplicable provisions for scoring items will not be assessed. In this way, the quantity of provisions for scoring items applicable for each building under assessment and the actually available full score is less than 100 points, which is referred to as "actual full score", namely:
Actual full score = theoretical full score (100 points) - ∑scores of the provisions beyond assessment = ∑scores of the provisions under assessment.
During scoring, the score of each kind of index: Q1-7 = (actual score/actual full score)×100 points. For example: Q2= (72/80)×100=90 points, thereinto 72 is the actual score of the building under assessment, and 80 is the actually available full score of the building under assessment.
In this case, the ratio of the actual score of scoring items for certain index of the building under assessment to the total score of scoring items for the building under assessment shall be calculated, which reflects the relative scoring average of the actually adopted "green measures" and (or) effects of the building under assessment to all the theoretically available "green measures" and (or) effects of this building. It is a kind of "normalized" treatment to multiply this scoring average by 100 points, by which the scoring average is uniformly converted into score value.
As for a certain building under assessment, whether a certain provision or its clauses (items) will be assessed may be judged according to the provisions of standard, explanation of provisions, and the supplemental explanation the Guidelines. As for some particular cases which are not defined in the provisions of standard, explanation of provisions or the supplemental explanation the Guidelines, whether a certain provision or its clauses (items) will be assessed may be judged according to actual situation.
3.2.6 Additional score, Q8, of bonus item is determined according to the relevant requirements specified in Chapter 11.
[Explanation]
Section 2 in Chapter 11 specifies the assessment on the performance promotion and innovation of buildings, while Section 1 specifies the scoring rules for bonus items.
The determination mode of the additional score, Q8, of bonus item is different from that of the score, Q1-7, of seven kinds of indexes stated in the assessment index system. During assessment on bonus items, the provisions inapplicable to the building under assessment will be directly treated as "0" point.
3.2.7 The total score in the green building assessment shall be calculated by the formula below, in which the weight, ω1-ω7, of the scoring items for the seven kinds of indexes in the assessment index system shall be valued according to Table 3.2.7.
Contents
1 General Provisions
2 Terminologies
3 Basic Requirements
3.1 General Requirements
3.2 Assessment and Rating
4 Land Saving and Outdoor Environment
4.1 Control Items
4.2 Scoring Items
5 Energy Conservation and Utilization
5.1 Control Items
5.2 Scoring Items
6 Water Saving and Water Resource Utilization
6.1 Control Items
6.2 Scoring Items
7 Materials Saving and Material Resource Utilization
7.1 Control Items
7.2 Scoring Items
8 Indoor Environment Quality
8.1 Control Items
8.2 Scoring Items
9 Construction Management
9.1 Control Items
9.2 Scoring Items
10 Operation Management
10.1 Control Items
10.2 Scoring Items
11 Promotion and Innovation
11.1 General Requirements
11.2 Bonus Items
Appendix A Overview of Assessment Index System and Score for National Standard "Assessment Standard for Green Building" (GB/T 50378-2014)
Appendix B Thermal Performance Index of Enclosing Structure
Appendix C Energy Efficiency Index of Cold Source Unit of Air Conditioning System
