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This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/Z 6829-2008 General Requirements for Residual Current Operated Protective Devices; the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/Z 6829-2008 (the previous edition):
——The paragraph "any standard for accessories, devices or equipment capable of completing only one or two of the above-mentioned three functions or failing to fully comply with all parts of this standard cannot be referred to as RCD standard, …" is added in the scope (see Chapter 1);
——Types of residual current devices type F are increased (see 4.7);
——Characteristic description for RCD type F is added (see 5.2.9.3);
——The characteristic description for RCD type B is modified (see 5.2.9.4; 5.2.9.3 of Edition 2008);
——Marking of RCD type F is added and that of RCD type B is modified (see Chapter 6);
——"Alternate current or pulsating direct residual current superimposition smooth direct current" is modified and the requirements for RCD type F and RCD type B are given respectively (see 8.3.1.3 and 8.3.1.4; 8.3.1.3 and 8.3.1.4 of Edition 2008);
——The requirements for combination frequency residual current are modified, and component values of different frequencies of test current and initial value (IΔ) for correct operation verification at the time the residual current stably increases in Table 11 as well as the range of action current of recombination residual current in Table 12 are added (see 8.3.1.5; 8.3.1.5 of Edition 2008);
——Two poles in the column of pole number corresponding smooth direct current are added in Table 14 (See Table 14);
——The possible load current and fault current in Annex B are modified (13 waveforms in the latest draft of IEC 60755 are adopted) (see Annex B; Annex B of Edition 2008);
——Annex C "Supplementary Requirements for Auto-reclosing RCD" is deleted.
This standard is modified in relation to IEC/TR 60755: 2008 General Requirements for Residual Current Operated Protective Devices.
Technical differences exist between this standard and IEC/TR 60755: 2008; these differences are marked with perpendicular single line (｜) in the outside page margin of the provisions concerned, and the technical differences and their causes are as follows:
——For normative references, this standard adjusts technical differences so as to adapt to technical conditions in China, which is reflected in Chapter 2 "Normative References", and the specific adjustment is as follows:
? GB/T 156-2007 modified in relation to international standard is used to replace IEC 60038 (see 5.3);
? GB/T 16895.21-2011 identical to international standard is used to replace IEC 60364-4-41 (see 5.3);
? GB/T 16895.4-1997 identical to international standard is used to replace IEC 60364-5-53 (see Chapter 1);
? GB/T 13140.1-2008 identical to international standard is used to replace IEC 60998-1 (see Chapter 3 and 8.5);
? GB/T 17045-2008 identical to international standard is used to settle IEC 61140 (see Chapter 1).
——IEC/TR 60755: 2008 may be used as guidance for residual current devices with rated voltage not exceeding 1 000V a.c. while this standard for residual current devices with rated voltage not exceeding 1 200V a.c.;
——The paragraph "any standard for accessories, devices or equipment capable of completing only one or two of the above-mentioned three functions or failing to fully comply with all parts of this standard cannot be referred to as RCD standard, …" is added in the scope (see Chapter 1);
——The classification by actuation mode as well as the requirements "according to relevant product standards" specified in IEC/TR 60755: 2008 are added (see 4.1.1);
——Types of residual current devices type F are increased (see 4.7);
——The classification of delayed type is further detailed [see 4.9 b)];
——Classification by whether there is auto-reclosing is added (see 4.11);
——The characteristic description for RCD type F is added (see 5.2.9.3);
——Grades 220 V and 380 V are added for rated voltage priority value and Grade 800 A is added for rated current priority value (see 5.4.1 and 5.4.2);
——The requirements "time-delay type is only applicable to residual current devices with IΔn greater than 0.03 A" is explicitly specified in 5.4.12.2 of this standard, thus corresponding modifications are made to other relevant parts;
——Types, requirements and markings of RCD type F are added and the requirements and markings of Type B RCD are modified (see Chapter 6);
——"Alternate current or pulsating direct residual current superimposition smooth direct current" is modified and the requirements for RCD type F and RCD type B are given respectively (see 8.3.1.3 and 8.3.1.4);
——The requirements for combination frequency residual current are modified, and component values of different frequencies of test current and initial value (IΔ) for correct operation verification at the time the residual current stably increases in Table 11 as well as the range of action current of recombination residual current in Table 12 are added (see 8.3.1.5);
——The additional requirements for RCD functionally dependent on supply voltage are added in this standard; it is also specified that residual current devices for household and similar purposes with IΔn≤0.03A shall be capable of operating automatically in case of the residual current greater than or equal to the rated residual operating current while the supply voltage drops to 50V (phase-to-earth voltage) (see 8.3.3);
——Annex B "Possible Load Current and Fault Currents" is modified (see Annex B).
This standard was proposed by China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 189 National Technical Committee on Low-voltage Apparatus of Standardization Administration of China.
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
——GB 6829-1986, GB 6829-1995 and GB/Z 6829-2008.
Introduction
Residual current devices are primarily intended to give protection against the risk of dangerous, and possibly lethal, electric shocks and to provide protection against fire hazards due to a persistent earth fault current.
This standard specifies the operational characteristics for these devices; details of how they should be installed to provide the desired level of protection are specified in the various parts of GB 16895.
This standard is intended for use by technical committees and relevant organizations in the preparation of standards for residual current devices. It is not intended to be used as a stand-alone standard, for example, for certification.
It has been prepared in accordance with its pilot function for residual current devices.
There are two basic conditions of protection against the risk of electric shock: fault protection (indirect contact) and basic protection (direct contact).
Fault protection implies that the device is used to prevent dangerous voltages persisting on accessible installation metalwork, which are earthed but become live under earth fault conditions.
Under such conditions, the risk arises not from the user making direct contact with a live conductive part but from making contact with earthed metalwork, which itself is in contact with a live conductive part.
The primary or basic function of residual current devices is to give fault protection, but, with devices of adequate sensitivity (i.e., units having operating residual currents not exceeding 30 mA), there is the additional benefit that, should other methods of protection fail, the device will give a high degree of protection to a user making direct contact with a live conductive part.
The operating characteristics given in this standard are therefore based on requirements, which themselves are based on the information contained in GB/T 13870 Effects of Current on Human Beings and Livestock.
These devices also provide protection against the risk of fire resulting from earth fault currents which can persist for lengthy periods without operating the overcurrent protective device.
General Requirements for Residual Current Operated Protective Devices
1 Scope
The requirements of this standard apply to residual current operated protective devices (hereinafter referred to as “residual current devices” (RCD)) for rated voltages not exceeding 440 V a.c., intended primarily for protection against shock hazard. They are intended to be used by technical committees and relevant organizations when drafting product standards and apply only if they are incorporated or are referred to in the relevant standards. This standard is not intended to be used as a stand-alone standard, for example, for certification.
Note 1: This standard may also be used as a guide for residual current devices of rated voltages up to 1 200 V, a.c., the performance of which shall be determined through negotiation between the manufacturer and the user when the standard for relevant products are prepared.
It applies to
——a single device which detects a residual current (see 3.3.2), compares it to a reference value (see 3.3.3) and opens the protected circuit when the residual current exceeds this reference value (see 3.3.4);
——an association of devices, each one of them performing separately one or two of the above-mentioned functions, but acting together in order to accomplish all three functions. Particular requirements may be necessary for devices intended for accomplishing only one or two of the above three functions.
Any standard for accessories, devices or equipment capable of completing only one or two of the above-mentioned three functions or failing to fully comply with all parts of this standard cannot be referred to as RCD standard, or refer to "RCD", either abbreviation or full name "residual current device". "RCD" shall not be marked on products of such accessories, devices or equipment or in their technical documents.
This standard applies for conditions as stated in Chapter 7. For other conditions, additional requirements may be necessary.
Residual current devices are intended to protect persons and livestock against harmful effects of electric shock due to contact with exposed conductive parts by automatic disconnection of supply in accordance with GB/T 17045-2008 and GB/T 16895.21-2011.
Note 2: In this context “harmful effects” include the risk of occurrence of heart fibrillation.
In accordance with GB/T 16895.4-1997, residual current devices with a rated residual operating current not exceeding 300 mA may also be used to provide protection against fire hazards due to a persistent earth fault current.
In accordance with GB/T 16895.21-2011, residual current devices with a rated residual operating current not exceeding 30 mA may also be used for additional protection in case of failure of the basic protective provisions or carelessness of the user of the installation or equipment.
For residual current devices performing additional functions, this standard applies together with the relevant standard covering the additional functions; for example, when residual current devices incorporate a circuit-breaker it should comply with the relevant circuit-breaker standard.
Supplementary or particular requirements may be necessary, for example, for
——residual current devices intended for use by uninstructed persons;
——socket-outlets, plugs, adapters and couplers incorporating residual current devices.
This standard states
——the definitions and terms used for residual current devices (Chapter 3) ;
——the classification of residual current devices (Chapter 4);
——the characteristics of residual current devices (Chapter 5);
——the preferred values of the operating and influencing quantities (5.4);
——the marking and information to be provided for residual current devices (Chapter 6);
——the standard conditions for installation and operation in service (Chapter 7);
——the requirements for construction and operation (Chapter 8);
——the list of minimum requirements to be tested (Chapter 9).
Note 3: Devices having a residual current function for specific purposes other than those mentioned above (for example, motor protection) are not covered by this standard.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 156-2007 Standard Voltages (IEC 60038: 2002, MOD)
GB/T 2900.8-2009 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Insulators (IEC 60050-471: 2007, IDT)
GB/T 2900.25-2008 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Rotating Machines (IEC 60050-411: 1996, IDT)
GB/T 2900.35-2008 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Atmospheres (IEC 60050-426: 2008, IDT)
GB/T 2900.70-2008 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Electrical Accessories (IEC 60050-442: 1998, IDT)
GB/T 13140.1-2008 Connecting Devices for Low-voltage Circuits for Household and Similar Purposes – Part 1: General Requirements (IEC 60998-1: 2002, IDT)
GB/T 16895.4-1997 Electrical Installations of Buildings – Part 5: Selection and Erection of Electrical Equipment – Chapter 53: Switching and Control (IEC 60364-5-53: 1994, IDT)
GB/T 16895.21-2011 Low-voltage Electrical Installations – Part 4-41: Protection for Safety – Protection Against Electric Shock (IEC 60364-4-41: 2005, IDT)
GB/T 17045-2008 Protection against Electric Shock – Common Aspects for Installation and Equipment (IEC 61140: 2001, IDT)
IEC 60050-441: 1984 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 441: Switchgear, Controlgear and Fuses
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, definitions given in GB/T 2900.8-2009, GB/T 2900.25-2008, GB/T 2900.35-2008, GB/T 2900.70-2008 and IEC 60050-441: 1984, as well as the following, apply.
3.1 Definitions relating to currents flowing from live parts to earth
3.1.1
earth fault current
current flowing to earth due to an insulation fault
3.1.2
earth leakage current
current flowing from the live parts of the installation to earth in the absence of an insulation fault
3.1.3
pulsating direct current
current of pulsating wave form which assumes, in each period of the rated power frequency, the value 0 or a value not exceeding 0.006 A d.c. during one single interval of time, expressed in angular measure, of at least 150°
3.1.4
current delay angle
α
time, expressed in angular measure, by which the starting instant of the current conduction is delayed by phase control
3.1.5
smooth direct current
direct current which is ripple-free
Note: A current is considered to be ripple-free when the coefficient of ripple is below 10 %.
3.2 Definitions relating to the energization of a residual current device
3.2.1
residual current
IΔ
vector sum of the instantaneous values of the current flowing in the main circuit of the residual current device (expressed as r.m.s. value)
3.2.2
residual operating current
value of residual current which causes the residual current device to operate under specified conditions
3.2.3
residual non-operating current
value of residual current at which and below which the residual current device does not operate under specified conditions
3.3 Definitions relating to the operation and to the functions of the residual current device
3.3.1
residual current device; RCD
mechanical switching device or association of devices designed to make, carry and break currents under normal service conditions and to cause the opening of the contacts when the residual current attains a given value under specified conditions
3.3.2
detection
function consisting in sensing the presence of a residual current
3.3.3
evaluation
function consisting in giving to the residual current device the possibility to operate, when the detected residual current exceeds a specified reference value
3.3.4
interruption
function consisting in bringing automatically the main contacts of the residual current device from the closed position into the open position, thereby interrupting the current(s) flowing through them
3.3.5
switching device
device designed to make or to break the current in one or more electric circuits
3.3.6
trip-free mechanism of a residual current device
mechanism, the moving contacts of which return to and remain in the open position when the opening operation is initiated after the initiation of the closing operation, even if the closing command is maintained
Note: To ensure proper breaking of the current which may have been established, it may be necessary that the contacts momentarily reach the closed position.
3.3.7
residual current device without integral overcurrent protection
residual current device not designed to perform the functions of protection against overloads and/or short circuits
3.3.8
residual current device with integral overcurrent protection
residual current device designed to perform the functions of protection against overloads and/or short circuits
Note: This definition includes residual current devices intended to be coupled to a circuit breaker (r.c. units, see 3.3.9)
3.3.9
r.c.unit
device performing simultaneously the functions of detection of the residual current and of comparison of the value of this current with the residual operating value and incorporating the means of operating the tripping mechanism of a circuit-breaker with which it is designed to be assembled or associated
3.3.10
break time of a residual current device
time which elapses between the instant the residual operating current is attained and the instant of arc extinction in all poles
3.3.11
limiting non-actuating time
maximum time during which the residual operating current can be applied to the residual current device without causing it to operate
3.3.12
time-delay residual current device
residual current device specially designed to attain a predetermined value of limiting non-actuating time, corresponding to a given value of residual current
3.3.13
reset residual current device
residual current device which should be intentionally reset prior to reclosing by a means different from the operation means to be able to be reclosed and to operate again
3.3.14
test device
device incorporated in the residual current device simulating the residual current conditions for the operation of the residual current device under specified conditions
3.4 Definitions relating to values and ranges of energizing quantities
3.4.1
non-operating overcurrents
3.4.1.1
limiting value of the non-operating over-current in the case of a single-phase load
maximum value of a single-phase overcurrent which, in the absence of a residual current, can flow through a residual current device (whatever the number of poles) without causing it to operate
Notes:
1 In the case of an overcurrent in the main circuit, unwanted tripping may occur in the absence of residual current, due to asymmetry existing in the detecting device itself.
2 In the case of a residual current device with integral overcurrent protection, the limiting value of the non-operating current may be determined by the overcurrent protection means.
3.4.1.2
limiting value of the non-operating current in the case of a balanced load
maximum value of the current which, in the absence of a residual current, can flow through a residual current device with a balanced load (whatever the number of poles) without causing it to operate
Notes:
1 In the case of an overcurrent in the main circuit, unwanted tripping may occur in the absence of residual current, due to asymmetry existing in the detecting device itself.
2 In the case of a residual current device with integral overcurrent protection, the limiting value of the non-operating current may be determined by the overcurrent protection means.
3.4.2
residual short-circuit withstand current
maximum value of the residual current for which the operation of the residual current device is assured under specified conditions and above which that device may undergo irreversible alterations
3.4.3
limiting thermal value of the short-time current
highest value of current (r.m.s.) which the device is capable of carrying for a specified short period and under specified conditions without undergoing, by heating effect, permanent deterioration of its characteristics
3.4.4
prospective current
current that would flow in the circuit, if each main current path of the residual current device and of the overcurrent protective device (if any) were replaced by a conductor of negligible impedance
Note: The prospective current may be qualified in the same manner as an actual current, for example, prospective breaking current, prospective peak current, prospective residual current, etc.
3.4.5
making capacity
value of the a.c. component of a prospective current that a residual current device is capable of making at a stated voltage under prescribed conditions of use and behaviour
3.4.6
breaking capacity
value of the a.c. component of a prospective current that a residual current device is capable of breaking at a stated voltage under prescribed conditions of use and behaviour
3.4.7
residual making and breaking capacity
value of the a.c. component of a residual prospective current which a residual current device can make, carry for its opening time and break under specified conditions of use and behaviour
3.4.8
conditional short-circuit current
value of the a.c. component of a prospective current, which a residual current device without integral short-circuit protection, but protected by a suitable short-circuit protective device (hereafter referred to as an SCPD) in series, can withstand under specified conditions of use and behaviour
3.4.9
conditional residual short-circuit current
value of the a.c. component of a residual prospective current which a residual current device, without integral short-circuit protection but protected by a suitable SCPD in series, can withstand under specified conditions of use and behaviour
3.4.10
I2t (Joule integral)
integral of the square of the current, over a given time interval (t0, t1):
3.4.11
recovery voltage
voltage which appears across the supply terminals of the residual current device after the breaking of the current
Note: This voltage may be considered as comprising two successive intervals of time, one during which a transient voltage exists, followed by a second one during which power-frequency recovery voltage alone exists.
Foreword i
Introduction iv
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Classification
5 Characteristics of Residual Current Devices
6 Marking and Other Product Information
7 Standard Conditions for Operation in Service and for Installation
8 Conditions for Construction and Operation
9 Guidance for Type Tests
Annex A (Informative) Recommended Diagram for Short-circuit Tests
Annex B (Informative) Possible Load and Fault Currents
Bibliography
Figure A.1 Diagram for All the Short-circuit Tests
Figure A.2 Detail of Impedance Z or Z
Figure B.1 Possible Load and Fault Currents according to the Different Electronic Circuits
Table 1 Standard Values of Maximum Break Time of Non-time-delay Type RCDs for a.c. Residual Current
Table 2 Standard Values of Maximum Break Time of Non-time-delay Type RCDs for Half-wave Pulsating d.c. Residual Current
Table 3 Standard Values of Maximum Break Time of Non-time-delay Type RCDs for Residual Direct Currents Which Result From Rectifying Circuits and/or Smooth d.c. Residual Current
Table 4 Acceptable Alternative Standard Values of Maximum Break Times for RCD with a Rated Residual Current of 6mA and Non-time-delay Type Intended to Be Used in Bi-phase System 120 V with Middle Point
Table 5 Standard Values of Break Time for a.c. Residual Current for Time-delay Type Residual Current Devices
Table 6 Standard Values of Break Time for Pulsating d.c. Residual Current for Time-delay Type Residual Current Devices
Table 7 Standard Values of Break Time for Smooth d.c. Residual Current for Time-delay Type Residual Current Devices
Table 8 Values of Influencing Quantities
Table 9 Tripping Current Limits of Alternating Residual Current
Table 10 Tripping Current Limits of Pulsating d.c. Residual Current
Table 11 Component Value of Different Frequencies in Test Current and Initial Value (IΔ) of Recombination Residual Current for Correct Operation Verification When Residual Current Is Stably Increased
Table 12 Range of Operating Current of Recombination Residual Current
Table 13 Tripping Current Range of Type B RCD at Frequencies Different from Rated Frequency Preferred Value 50Hz/60Hz
Table 14 Tripping Current Limits of Smooth Direct Residual Current
Table 15 List of Minimum Requirements to Be Checked or Tested
剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)電器(RCD)的一般要求
1 范圍
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于額定電壓不超過(guò)交流440 V，主要用于電擊危險(xiǎn)保護(hù)的剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)電器(以下稱為剩余電流保護(hù)電器，簡(jiǎn)稱RCD)。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的技術(shù)要求作為技術(shù)委員會(huì)和有關(guān)單位起草產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)使用，并且只有在與相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合時(shí)或在相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中引用時(shí)才適用。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用，例如單獨(dú)作為認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用。
注1：本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也可用來(lái)指導(dǎo)額定電壓不超過(guò)交流1 200 V的剩余電流保護(hù)電器，在起草相關(guān)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)其性能要求由制造廠和用戶協(xié)商確定。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于：
——檢測(cè)剩余電流(見(jiàn)3.3.2)；將其同基準(zhǔn)值(見(jiàn)3.3.3)相比較；以及當(dāng)剩余電流超過(guò)該基準(zhǔn)值斷開(kāi)被保護(hù)電路(見(jiàn)3.3.4)的單一電器。
——組合電器，其每個(gè)部分分別執(zhí)行上述一個(gè)或兩個(gè)功能，但是一起作用以完成所有三個(gè)功能。對(duì)預(yù)期僅完成上述三個(gè)功能中一個(gè)或兩個(gè)功能的電器，可能需要特殊的技術(shù)要求。
任何只能完成上述三個(gè)功能中一個(gè)或兩個(gè)，或不能完全符合本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的所有部分的附件、裝置或設(shè)備的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不能稱為RCD標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，或引用“RCD”，無(wú)論是縮寫(xiě)或全稱“剩余電流裝置”。這些附件、裝置或設(shè)備在其產(chǎn)品上或技術(shù)文件中均不能標(biāo)志“RCD”。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于第7章規(guī)定的條件。對(duì)于其他條件，可能需要補(bǔ)充技術(shù)要求。
根據(jù)GB/T 17045—2008和GB/T 16895.21—2011，剩余電流保護(hù)電器通過(guò)自動(dòng)切斷電源來(lái)防止人和牲畜由于觸及外露的導(dǎo)電部件而產(chǎn)生的電擊的有害影響。
注2：上述“有害影響”包括發(fā)生心臟纖維性顫動(dòng)的危險(xiǎn)。
根據(jù)GB/T 16895.4—1997，額定剩余動(dòng)作電流不超過(guò)300 mA的剩余電流保護(hù)電器也可以對(duì)持續(xù)接地故障電流引起的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)提供防護(hù)。
根據(jù)GB/T 16895.21—2011，額定剩余動(dòng)作電流不超過(guò)30 mA的剩余電流保護(hù)電器也可以在基本保護(hù)措施失效或者電氣裝置或設(shè)備使用者疏忽的情況下，提供附加保護(hù)。
對(duì)于能夠執(zhí)行附加功能的剩余電流保護(hù)電器，本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與包含附加功能的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一起適用，例如：當(dāng)剩余電流保護(hù)電器與斷路器組合時(shí)，應(yīng)符合相應(yīng)的斷路器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
對(duì)下列情況可能需要補(bǔ)充的或者特定的技術(shù)要求，例如：
——由非專業(yè)人員使用的剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——與剩余電流保護(hù)電器組合的插座、插頭、適配器和連接器。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定：
——剩余電流保護(hù)電器使用的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義(第3章)；
——剩余電流保護(hù)電器的分類(lèi)(第4章)；
——剩余電流保護(hù)電器的特性(第5章)；
——?jiǎng)幼髦岛陀绊懥康膬?yōu)選值(5.4)；
——剩余電流保護(hù)電器的標(biāo)志和信息(第6章)；
——使用時(shí)安裝和工作的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件(第7章)；
——結(jié)構(gòu)和操作的要求(第8章)；
——最少試驗(yàn)要求明細(xì)表(第9章)。
注3：除了上述提及的以外，用于特定場(chǎng)合(例如：電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù))的具有剩余電流功能的電器不包括在本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)。
2規(guī)范性引用文件
下列文件對(duì)于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 156—2007 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電壓(IEC 60038：2002，MOD)
GB/T 2900.8—2009 電工術(shù)語(yǔ) 絕緣子(IEC 60050-471：2007，IDT)
GB/T 2900.25—2008 電工術(shù)語(yǔ) 旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)(IEC 60050-411：1996，IDT)
GB/T 2900.35—2008 電工術(shù)語(yǔ) 爆炸性環(huán)境用設(shè)備(IEC 60050-426：2008，IDT)
GB/T 2900.70—2008 電工術(shù)語(yǔ) 電器附件(IEC 60050-442：1998，IDT)
GB/T 13140.1—2008家用和類(lèi)似用途低壓電路用的連接器件 第1部分：通用要求(IEC 60998-1：2002，IDT)
GB/T 16895.4—1997 建筑物電氣裝置 第5部分：電氣設(shè)備的選擇和安裝 第53章：開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備(IEC 60364-5-53：1994，IDT)
GB/T 16895.21—2011 建筑物電氣裝置 第4-41部分：安全防護(hù) 電擊防護(hù)(IEC 60364-4-41：2005，IDT)
GB/T 17045—2008 電擊防護(hù) 裝置和設(shè)備的通用部分(IEC 61140：2001，IDT)
IEC 60050-441：1984國(guó)際電工詞匯 第441部分：開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備、控制設(shè)備和熔斷器(International Electrotechnical Vocabulary—Part 441：Switchgear，controlgear and fuses)
3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義
GB/T 2900.8—2009、GB/T 2900.25—2008、GB/T 2900.35—2008、GB/T 2900.70—2008和IEC 60050-441：1984界定的以及下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。
3.1 關(guān)于從帶電部件流入大地電流的定義
3.1.1
接地故障電流earth fault current
由于絕緣故障而流入大地的電流。
3.1.2
對(duì)地泄漏電流earth leakage current
無(wú)絕緣故障，從設(shè)備的帶電部件流入大地的電流。
3.1.3
脈動(dòng)直流電流pulsating direct current
在每一個(gè)額定工頻周期內(nèi)，用電角度表示至少為150°的一段時(shí)間間隔內(nèi)電流值為0或不超過(guò)直流0.006 A的脈動(dòng)波形電流。
3.1.4
電流滯后角current delay angle
α
通過(guò)相位控制，使電流導(dǎo)通的起始時(shí)刻滯后的用電角度表示的時(shí)間。
3.1.5
平滑直流電流smooth direct current
沒(méi)有波紋的直流電流。
注：當(dāng)波紋系數(shù)小于10％時(shí)，可以認(rèn)為電流沒(méi)有波紋。
3.2關(guān)于剩余電流保護(hù)電器激勵(lì)的定義
3.2.1
剩余電流 residual current
IΔ
流過(guò)剩余電流保護(hù)電器主回路的電流瞬時(shí)值的矢量和(用有效值表示)。
3.2.2
剩余動(dòng)作電流 residual operating current
使剩余電流保護(hù)電器在規(guī)定條件下動(dòng)作的剩余電流值。
3.2.3
剩余不動(dòng)作電流 residual non-operating current
在該電流或低于該電流時(shí)，剩余電流保護(hù)電器在規(guī)定條件下不動(dòng)作的剩余電流值。
3.3 關(guān)于剩余電流保護(hù)電器動(dòng)作和功能的定義
3.3.1
剩余電流保護(hù)電器residual current device；RCD
在正常運(yùn)行條件下能接通、承載和分?jǐn)嚯娏鳎约霸谝?guī)定條件下當(dāng)剩余電流達(dá)到規(guī)定值時(shí)能使觸頭斷開(kāi)的機(jī)械開(kāi)關(guān)電器或組合電器。
3.3.2
檢測(cè)detection
感知剩余電流存在的功能。
3.3.3
判別 evaluation
當(dāng)檢測(cè)的剩余電流超過(guò)規(guī)定的基準(zhǔn)值時(shí)，使剩余電流保護(hù)電器可能動(dòng)作的功能。
3.3.4
斷開(kāi) interruption
使得剩余電流保護(hù)電器的主觸頭從閉合位置轉(zhuǎn)換到斷開(kāi)位置，從而切斷其流過(guò)的電流的功能。
3.3.5
開(kāi)關(guān)電器switching device
用以接通和分?jǐn)嘁粋€(gè)或幾個(gè)電氣回路中電流的裝置。
3.3.6
剩余電流保護(hù)電器的自由脫扣機(jī)構(gòu)trip-free mechanism of a residual current device
閉合操作開(kāi)始后，若進(jìn)行斷開(kāi)操作時(shí)，即使保持閉合指令，其動(dòng)觸頭能返回并保持在斷開(kāi)位置的機(jī)構(gòu)。
注：為了確保正常分?jǐn)嗫赡芤呀?jīng)產(chǎn)生的電流，可能需要使觸頭瞬時(shí)地到達(dá)閉合位置。
3.3.7
不帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器residual current device without integral overcurrent protection
不能用來(lái)執(zhí)行過(guò)載和/或短路保護(hù)功能的剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
3.3.8
帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器 residual current device with integral overcurrent protection
能用來(lái)執(zhí)行過(guò)載和/或短路保護(hù)功能的剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
注：本定義包括與斷路器組合的剩余電流保護(hù)電器(r.c.單元，見(jiàn)3.3.9)。
3.3.9
剩余電流單元(r.c.單元) r.c.unit
r.c.單元是一個(gè)能同時(shí)執(zhí)行檢測(cè)剩余電流、將該電流值與剩余動(dòng)作電流值相比較的功能，以及具有操作與其組裝或組合的斷路器脫扣機(jī)構(gòu)的器件的裝置。
3.3.10
剩余電流保護(hù)電器的分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間 break time of a residual current device
從達(dá)到剩余動(dòng)作電流瞬間起至所有極電弧熄滅瞬間為止所經(jīng)過(guò)的時(shí)間間隔。
3.3.11
極限不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間limiting non-actuating time
能對(duì)剩余電流保護(hù)電器施加一個(gè)剩余動(dòng)作電流而不使其動(dòng)作的最長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
3.3.12
延時(shí)型剩余電流保護(hù)電器time-delay residual current device
專門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)的對(duì)應(yīng)于一個(gè)給定的剩余電流值，能達(dá)到一個(gè)預(yù)定的極限不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間的剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
3.3.13
復(fù)位型剩余電流保護(hù)電器reset residual current device
若能重新閉合并再次操作，在重新閉合前必須用一個(gè)操作件之外的器件人為復(fù)位的剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
3.3.14
試驗(yàn)裝置test device
組裝在剩余電流保護(hù)電器中的模擬剩余電流保護(hù)電器在規(guī)定條件下動(dòng)作的剩余電流條件的裝置。
3.4與激勵(lì)量值和范圍有關(guān)的定義
3.4.1
不動(dòng)作的過(guò)電流 non-operating overcurrents
3.4.1.1
在單相負(fù)載時(shí)不動(dòng)作過(guò)電流的限值limiting value of the non-operating over-current in the case of a single-phase load
在沒(méi)有剩余電流時(shí)，能夠流過(guò)剩余電流保護(hù)電器(不論極數(shù))而不導(dǎo)致其動(dòng)作的最大單相過(guò)電流值。
注1：在主電路過(guò)電流的情況下，沒(méi)有剩余電流時(shí)，由于檢測(cè)器件本身存在的不對(duì)稱可能發(fā)生誤脫扣。
注2：在剩余電流保護(hù)電器帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)時(shí)，不動(dòng)作電流的限值可以由過(guò)電流保護(hù)裝置來(lái)確定。
3.4.1.2
在平衡負(fù)載時(shí)不動(dòng)作電流的限值limiting value of the non-operating current in the case of a bal-anced load
在沒(méi)有剩余電流時(shí)，能夠流過(guò)帶平衡負(fù)載的剩余電流保護(hù)電器(不論極數(shù))而不導(dǎo)致其動(dòng)作的最大電流值。
注1：在主電路過(guò)電流的情況下，沒(méi)有剩余電流時(shí)，由于檢測(cè)器件本身存存的不對(duì)稱可能發(fā)生誤脫扣。
注2：在剩余電流保護(hù)電器帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)時(shí)，不動(dòng)作電流的限值可以由過(guò)電流保護(hù)裝置來(lái)確定。
3.4.2
剩余短路耐受電流 residual short-circuit withstand current
在規(guī)定的條件下能夠確保剩余電流保護(hù)電器運(yùn)行的剩余電流最大值，超過(guò)該值時(shí)，該裝置可能遭受不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的變化。
3.4.3
短時(shí)電流極限發(fā)熱值limiting thermal value of the short-time current
剩余電流保護(hù)電器能夠承載一個(gè)特定的短時(shí)間，并且在規(guī)定條件不會(huì)因熱效應(yīng)而使其特性產(chǎn)生永久性劣化的最大電流值(有效值)。
3.4.4
預(yù)期電流prospective current
當(dāng)剩余電流保護(hù)電器和過(guò)電流保護(hù)裝置(如果有的話)的每個(gè)主電流回路用一個(gè)阻抗可忽略不計(jì)的導(dǎo)體代替時(shí)，在電路中流過(guò)的電流。
注：預(yù)期電流同樣可以看作一個(gè)實(shí)際電流，例如：預(yù)期分?jǐn)嚯娏鳎A(yù)期峰值電流，預(yù)期剩余電流等。
3.4.5
接通能力 making capacity
剩余電流保護(hù)電器在規(guī)定的使用和工作條件下以及在規(guī)定的電壓下能夠接通的預(yù)期電流的交流分量值。
3.4.6
分?jǐn)嗄芰? breaking capacity
剩余電流保護(hù)電器在規(guī)定的使用和工作條件下以及在規(guī)定的電壓下能夠分?jǐn)嗟念A(yù)期電流的交流分量值。
3.4.7
剩余接通和分?jǐn)嗄芰? residual making and breaking capacity
在規(guī)定的使用和工作條件下，剩余電流保護(hù)電器能夠接通、承載其斷開(kāi)時(shí)間以及能夠分?jǐn)嗟氖Ｓ囝A(yù)期電流的交流分量值。
3.4.8
限制短路電流 conditional short-circuit current
本身不帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)，但用一個(gè)合適的串聯(lián)的短路保護(hù)裝置(以下簡(jiǎn)稱SCPD)保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器在規(guī)定的使用和工作條件下能夠承受的預(yù)期電流的交流分量值。
3.4.9
限制剩余短路電流 conditional residual short-circuit current
本身不帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)，但用一個(gè)合適的串聯(lián)的SCPD保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器在規(guī)定的使用和工作條件下能夠承受的剩余預(yù)期電流的交流分量值。
3.4.10
I2t(焦耳積分)I2t(Joule integral) 電流的平方在給定的時(shí)間間隔(t0，t1)內(nèi)的積分。
3.4.11
恢復(fù)電壓 recovery voltage
分?jǐn)嚯娏骱螅谑Ｓ嚯娏鞅Ｗo(hù)電器的電源接線端子之間出現(xiàn)的電壓。
注：此電壓可以認(rèn)為有兩個(gè)連續(xù)的時(shí)間間隔組成，第一個(gè)時(shí)間間隔出現(xiàn)瞬態(tài)電壓，接著的第二個(gè)時(shí)間間隔只出現(xiàn)工頻恢復(fù)電壓。
3.4.12
瞬態(tài)恢復(fù)電壓transient recovery voltage
在具有顯著瞬態(tài)特征的時(shí)間內(nèi)的恢復(fù)電壓。
注1：根據(jù)電路和剩余電流保護(hù)電器的特性，瞬態(tài)電壓可以是振蕩的，或非振蕩的或兩者兼有。此電壓包括多相電路中性點(diǎn)位移的電壓。
注2：除非另外規(guī)定，三相電路中的瞬態(tài)恢復(fù)電壓是首先斷開(kāi)極出現(xiàn)的電壓，因?yàn)樵撾妷和ǔ８哂谄溆喽O斷開(kāi)時(shí)出現(xiàn)的電壓。
3.4.13
工頻恢復(fù)電壓 power-frequency recovery voltage
在瞬態(tài)電壓現(xiàn)象消失后的恢復(fù)電壓。
3.5與影響量值和范圍有關(guān)的定義
3.5.1
影響量 influencing quantity
可能改變剩余電流保護(hù)電器的規(guī)定動(dòng)作的任何量。
3.5.2
影響量的基準(zhǔn)值 reference value of an influencing quantity
與制造商規(guī)定的特性有關(guān)的影響量值。
3.5.3
影響量的基準(zhǔn)條件 reference conditions of influencing quantities
所有的影響量都是基準(zhǔn)值。
3.5.4
影響量的范圍 range of an influencing quantity
在這個(gè)影響量值范圍內(nèi)，剩余電流保護(hù)電器在規(guī)定的條件下滿足規(guī)定的技術(shù)要求。
3.5.5
影響量的極限范圍 extreme range of an influencing quantity
在這個(gè)影響量值范圍內(nèi)，剩余電流保護(hù)電器僅受到自發(fā)的可逆的變化，但不必符合本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的技術(shù)要求。
3.5.6
周?chē)諝鉁囟萢mbient air temperature
在規(guī)定條件下確定的剩余電流保護(hù)電器周?chē)目諝獾臏囟取? 注：對(duì)于封閉的剩余電流保護(hù)電器，該溫度是指外殼外的空氣溫度。
3.6 操作條件
3.6.1
操作 operation
動(dòng)觸頭從斷開(kāi)位置到閉合位置的轉(zhuǎn)換或相反的轉(zhuǎn)換。
注：如果需要加以區(qū)分，則電氣含義上的操作(即接通和分?jǐn)?稱為開(kāi)閉操作，而機(jī)械含義上的操作(即閉合和斷開(kāi))稱為機(jī)械操作。
3.6.2
閉合操作 closing operation
剩余電流保護(hù)電器從斷開(kāi)位置轉(zhuǎn)換到閉合位置的操作。
3.6.3
斷開(kāi)操作 opening operation
剩余電流保護(hù)電器從閉合位置轉(zhuǎn)換到斷開(kāi)位置的操作。
3.6.4
操作循環(huán)operating cycle
從一個(gè)位置轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個(gè)位置再返回至起始位置的連續(xù)操作。
3.6.5
操作順序sequence of operations
具有規(guī)定時(shí)間間隔的規(guī)定的連續(xù)操作。
3.6.6
電氣間隙clearance
兩個(gè)導(dǎo)電部件之間在空氣中的最短距離。
注：為確定對(duì)易觸及部件的電氣間隙，絕緣外殼的易觸及表面宜視為導(dǎo)電的，好象該外殼能被手或GB/T 42082008的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試指觸及的表面覆蓋一層金屬箔一樣。
3.6.7
爬電距離 creepage distance
兩個(gè)導(dǎo)電部件之間沿絕緣材料表面的最短距離。
注：為確定對(duì)易觸及部件的爬電距離，絕緣外殼的易觸及表面宜視為導(dǎo)電的，好象該外殼能被手或GB/T 4208—2008的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試指觸及的表面覆蓋一層金屬箔一樣。
3.7試驗(yàn)
3.7.1
型式試驗(yàn)type test
對(duì)按某一設(shè)計(jì)制造的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)電器所進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)，以表明該設(shè)計(jì)符合一定的技術(shù)要求。
3.7.2
常規(guī)試驗(yàn) routine tests
對(duì)每個(gè)正在制造的和/或制造完畢的電器進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)，以確定其是否符合某些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
3.8
短路保護(hù)電器 short-circuit protective device；SCPD
制造商規(guī)定的應(yīng)與剩余電流保護(hù)電器一起串聯(lián)安裝在電路中僅對(duì)其進(jìn)行短路電流保護(hù)的電器。
4分類(lèi)
正確使用本章分類(lèi)剩余電流保護(hù)電器應(yīng)符合安裝規(guī)程(例如：根據(jù)GB 16895系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn))。
4.1 根據(jù)動(dòng)作方式分
4.1.1 動(dòng)作功能與電源電壓無(wú)關(guān)的RCD。
4.1.2動(dòng)作功能與電源電壓有關(guān)的RCD。
4.1.2.1 電源電壓故障時(shí)，有延時(shí)或無(wú)延時(shí)自動(dòng)動(dòng)作。
4.1.2.2 電源電壓故障時(shí)不能自動(dòng)動(dòng)作：
a) 在電源電壓故障時(shí)不能自動(dòng)動(dòng)作，但發(fā)生剩余電流故障時(shí)能按預(yù)期要求動(dòng)作；
b)在電源電壓故障時(shí)不能自動(dòng)動(dòng)作，即使發(fā)生剩余電流故障時(shí)也不能動(dòng)作。
4.2根據(jù)安裝型式分
主要有以下幾項(xiàng)：
——固定裝設(shè)和固定接線的剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——移動(dòng)設(shè)置和/或用電纜將裝置本身連接到電源的剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
4.3根據(jù)極數(shù)和電流回路數(shù)分
主要有以下幾項(xiàng)：
——單極二回路剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——二極剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——二極三回路剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——三極剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——三極四回路剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——四極剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
4.4根據(jù)過(guò)電流保護(hù)分
主要有以下幾項(xiàng)：
a) 不帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
b)帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
c) 僅帶過(guò)載保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
d)僅帶短路保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
4.5 根據(jù)調(diào)節(jié)剩余動(dòng)作電流的可能性分
主要有以下幾項(xiàng)：
——有一個(gè)固定的額定剩余動(dòng)作電流的剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——額定剩余動(dòng)作電流分級(jí)可調(diào)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——額定剩余動(dòng)作電流連續(xù)可調(diào)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
4.6根據(jù)沖擊電壓產(chǎn)生的浪涌電流作用下耐誤脫扣的能力分
主要有以下幾項(xiàng)：
——正常耐誤脫扣；
——增強(qiáng)耐誤脫扣。
4.7 在剩余電流含有直流分量時(shí)，剩余電流保護(hù)電器根據(jù)動(dòng)作特性分
主要有以下幾項(xiàng)：
——AC型剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——A型剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——F型剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——B型剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
4.8 根據(jù)周?chē)諝鉁囟确秶? 主要有以下幾項(xiàng)：
a) 預(yù)期在-5℃～+40℃環(huán)境溫度下使用的剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
b) 預(yù)期在-25℃～+40℃環(huán)境溫度下使用的剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
c) 預(yù)期在規(guī)定的更嚴(yán)酷的條件下使用的剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
4.9根據(jù)剩余電流大于IΔn時(shí)的延時(shí)分
主要有以下幾項(xiàng)：
a)無(wú)延時(shí)，例如：用于一般用途；
b)有延時(shí)，例如：用于選擇性保護(hù)：
——延時(shí)不可調(diào)節(jié)；
——延時(shí)可以調(diào)節(jié)。
4.10根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)型式分
主要有以下幾項(xiàng)：
——由制造商裝配成一個(gè)完整單元的剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)由斷路器和r.c.單元裝配組成的剩余電流保護(hù)電器。對(duì)這類(lèi)器件的要求應(yīng)在相關(guān)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定。
注：電流檢測(cè)裝置和/或信號(hào)處理器件可與電流分?jǐn)嘌b置分開(kāi)安裝。
4.11 根據(jù)有無(wú)自動(dòng)重合閘分
主要有以下幾項(xiàng)：
——無(wú)自動(dòng)重合閘功能的剩余電流保護(hù)電器；
——具有自動(dòng)重合閘功能的剩余電流保護(hù)電器(相應(yīng)的技術(shù)要求由相關(guān)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定)。
5剩余電流保護(hù)電器的特性
5.1 特性概要
剩余電流保護(hù)電器的特性應(yīng)由下列項(xiàng)目規(guī)定(適用時(shí))：
a) 安裝型式(4.2)；
b)極數(shù)和電流回路數(shù)(4.3)；
c) 額定電流In(5.2.1)；
d)剩余電流含有直流分量時(shí)，根據(jù)動(dòng)作特性確定的剩余電流保護(hù)電器的型式(5.2.9)；
e) 額定剩余動(dòng)作電流IΔn(5.2.2)；
f) 額定剩余不動(dòng)作電流IΔno，如果與優(yōu)選值不同時(shí)(5.2.3)；
g)額定電壓(5.2.4)；
h) 額定頻率(5.2.5)；
i) 額定接通和分?jǐn)嗄芰m(5.2.6)；
j) 額定剩余接通和分?jǐn)嗄芰Δm(5.2.7)；
k)延時(shí)(如果適用時(shí))(5.2.8)；
l) 額定限制短路電流(5.3.2)；
m)額定限制剩余短路電流IΔc(5.3.3)。
5.2所有剩余電流保護(hù)電器共同的特性
5.2.1 額定電流(In)
制造商規(guī)定的剩余電流保護(hù)電器能在適用于開(kāi)關(guān)電器(見(jiàn)3.3.5)的相關(guān)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的不間斷工作制下承載的電流值。
5.2.2額定剩余動(dòng)作電流(IΔn)
制造商對(duì)剩余電流保護(hù)電器規(guī)定的額定頻率下正弦剩余動(dòng)作電流的有效值(見(jiàn)3.2.2)，在該電流值時(shí)剩余電流保護(hù)電器應(yīng)在規(guī)定的條件下動(dòng)作。
5.2.3額定剩余不動(dòng)作電流(IΔno)
制造商對(duì)剩余電流保護(hù)電器規(guī)定的剩余不動(dòng)作電流值(見(jiàn)3.2.3)，在該電流值時(shí)剩余電流保護(hù)電器在規(guī)定的條件下不動(dòng)作。
5.2.4額定電壓(Un)
由制造商規(guī)定的剩余電流保護(hù)電器的電壓有效值，剩余電流保護(hù)電器的性能與該值有關(guān)(尤其是短路性能)。
5.2.5 額定頻率
RCD的額定頻率是對(duì)RCD規(guī)定的以及其他特性值與之相應(yīng)的電源頻率。
5.2.6額定接通和分?jǐn)嗄芰?Im)
剩余電流保護(hù)電器在規(guī)定的條件下能夠接通、承載其斷開(kāi)時(shí)間和分?jǐn)嗟模⒉划a(chǎn)生影響其功能變化的預(yù)期電流有效值(見(jiàn)3.4.5和3.4.6)。
5.2.7 額定剩余接通和分?jǐn)嗄芰?IΔm)
剩余電流保護(hù)電器在規(guī)定條件下能夠接通、承載其斷開(kāi)時(shí)間和分?jǐn)嗟模⒉划a(chǎn)生影響其功能變化的預(yù)期剩余電流(見(jiàn)3.4.7和3.4.9)的有效值。
5.2.8有或無(wú)延時(shí)
無(wú)延時(shí)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器和有延時(shí)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
5.2.9剩余電流含有直流分量的動(dòng)作特性
5.2.9.1 AC型剩余電流保護(hù)電器
在正弦交流剩余電流下，無(wú)論突然施加或緩慢上升確保其脫扣的剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
5.2.9.2 A型剩余電流保護(hù)電器
在下列條件下確保其脫扣的剩余電流保護(hù)電器：
——同AC型；
——脈動(dòng)直流剩余電流；
——脈動(dòng)直流剩余電流疊加6 mA的平滑直流電流。
有或沒(méi)有相位角控制，與極性無(wú)關(guān)，無(wú)論突然施加或緩慢上升。
5.2.9.3 F型剩余電流保護(hù)電器
在下列條件下確保其脫扣的剩余電流保護(hù)電器：
——同A型；
——由相線和中性線或者相線和接地的中間導(dǎo)體供電的電路產(chǎn)生的復(fù)合剩余電流；
——脈動(dòng)直流剩余電流疊加10 mA的平滑直流電流。
上述規(guī)定的剩余電流可突然施加或緩慢上升。
5.2.9.4 B型剩余電流保護(hù)電器
在下列條件下確保其脫扣的剩余電流保護(hù)電器：
——同F(xiàn)型；
——1 000 Hz及以下的正弦交流剩余電流；
——交流剩余電流疊加0.4倍額定剩余動(dòng)作電流(IΔn)或10 mA的平滑直流電流(兩者取較大值)；
——脈動(dòng)直流剩余電流疊加0.4倍額定剩余動(dòng)作電流(IΔn)或10 mA的平滑直流電流(兩者取較大值)；
——下列整流線路產(chǎn)生的直流剩余電流：
a) 二極、三極和四極剩余電流裝置的連接至相與相的雙脈沖橋式整流電路；
b) 三極和四極剩余電流裝置的三脈沖星形連接或六脈沖橋式連接的整流電路。
——平滑直流剩余電流。
與極性無(wú)關(guān)，無(wú)論突然施加或緩慢上升。
5.3 不帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)(見(jiàn)4.4a))和僅帶過(guò)載保護(hù)(見(jiàn)4.4c))的剩余電流保護(hù)電器的特定特性
5.3.1 與短路保護(hù)電器(見(jiàn)3.4.8)的配合
短路保護(hù)電器與剩余電流保護(hù)電器的組合是用來(lái)確保剩余電流保護(hù)電器免受短路電流的影響。
剩余電流保護(hù)電器的制造商應(yīng)規(guī)定短路保護(hù)電器的下列特性：
a) 最大允通I2t；
b)最大允通電流峰值Ip。
任何符合相關(guān)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并且上述a)和b)項(xiàng)的特性值低于剩余電流保護(hù)電器制造商規(guī)定值的短路保護(hù)電器(SCPD)可用于保護(hù)剩余電流保護(hù)電器，只要其不影響正常工作。SCPD的額定值和型號(hào)應(yīng)與5.3.2和5.3.3相同。
5.3.2額定限制短路電流(Inc)
制造商規(guī)定的由短路保護(hù)電器保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器在規(guī)定條件下能承受而不使其發(fā)生影響功能變化的預(yù)期電流有效值。
注1：注意，由規(guī)定的短路保護(hù)電器控制的特定短路電流施加到剩余電流保護(hù)電器上的應(yīng)力實(shí)際上是可變的，這取決于短路保護(hù)電器的個(gè)別特性(盡管其包括在相關(guān)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)動(dòng)作區(qū)域內(nèi))，也與接通瞬間相對(duì)于短路電流波形上的點(diǎn)有關(guān)(接通點(diǎn)是隨機(jī)的)。
注2：制造商宜注意確保在相應(yīng)于剩余電流保護(hù)電器最嚴(yán)酷的應(yīng)力條件下配合的有效性。
注3：對(duì)一個(gè)與給定的短路保護(hù)電器配合的剩余電流保護(hù)電器規(guī)定額定限制短路電流，表示這種組合能承受至規(guī)定值的任何短路電流。
5.3.3 額定限制剩余短路電流(IΔc)
制造商規(guī)定的由短路保護(hù)電器保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器在規(guī)定條件下能承受而不使其發(fā)生影響功能變化的預(yù)期剩余電流值。
注：如果對(duì)一個(gè)與給定的短路保護(hù)電器配合的剩余電流保護(hù)電器規(guī)定額定限制剩余短路電流，則認(rèn)為這種組合能承受至規(guī)定值的任何剩余短路電流。
5.4優(yōu)選值或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
5.4.1額定電壓優(yōu)選值
根據(jù)GB/T 156—2007，額定電壓的優(yōu)選值是110 V，120 V，220 V(230 V)，380 V(400 V)。
5.4.2額定電流優(yōu)選值(In)
額定電流的優(yōu)選值是6 A，10 A，13 A，16 A，20 A，25 A，32 A，40 A，50 A，63 A，80 A，100 A，125 A，160 A，200 A，250 A，400 A，630 A，800A。
5.4.3額定剩余動(dòng)作電流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值(IΔn)
額定剩余動(dòng)作電流的優(yōu)選值是0.006 A，0.01 A，0.03 A，0.1 A，0.2 A，0.3 A，0.5 A，1 A，2 A，3 A，5 A，10 A，20 A，30 A。
5.4.4額定剩余不動(dòng)作電流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值(IΔno)
額定剩余不動(dòng)作電流優(yōu)選值是0.5 IΔn。
注：0.5 IΔn值僅指工頻交流剩余電流。
5.4.5在多相線路中不平衡負(fù)載時(shí)不動(dòng)作電流優(yōu)選的最小值
在多相線路中不平衡負(fù)載時(shí)，不動(dòng)作電流優(yōu)選的最小值是6 In。
注：對(duì)于帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器，該最小值可能更低。
5.4.6在平衡負(fù)載中不動(dòng)作電流優(yōu)選的最小值
在平衡負(fù)載中不動(dòng)作電流的優(yōu)選最小值是6 In。
注：對(duì)于帶過(guò)電流保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器，該最小值可能更低。
5.4.7額定頻率的優(yōu)選值
額定頻率的優(yōu)選值是50 Hz和/或60 Hz。
5.4.8額定接通和分?jǐn)嗄芰χ?Im)
適用于不帶短路保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
最小值應(yīng)為10 In或500 A1)，兩者取較大值。
與這些值有關(guān)的功率因數(shù)在相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中給出。
5.4.9額定剩余接通和分?jǐn)嗄芰Φ膬?yōu)選值(IΔm)
額定剩余接通和分?jǐn)嗄芰Φ膬?yōu)選值是500 A1)，1 000 A，1 500 A，3 000 A，4 500 A，6 000 A，10 000 A，20 000 A，50 000 A。
最小值應(yīng)為10In或500 A1)，兩者取較大值。
與這些電流值有關(guān)的功率因數(shù)在相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中給出。
5.4.10額定限制短路電流的優(yōu)選值
不帶短路保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器的額定限制短路電流的優(yōu)選值是1 500 A，3 000 A，4 500 A，6 000 A，10 000 A，20 000 A，50 000 A。
與這些電流值相關(guān)的功率因數(shù)在相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中給出。
5.4.11 額定限制剩余短路電流的優(yōu)選值(IΔc)
不帶短路保護(hù)的剩余電流保護(hù)電器的額定限制剩余短路電流IΔc的優(yōu)選值是1 500 A，3 000 A，
1) 對(duì)移動(dòng)式剩余電流裝置(PRCD)和帶剩余電流保護(hù)的固定安裝插座(SRCD)為250 A。4 500 A，6 000 A，10 000 A，20 000 A，50 000 A。
與這些電流有關(guān)的功率因數(shù)在相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中給出。
5.4.12動(dòng)作時(shí)間的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
5.4.12.1 無(wú)延時(shí)型RCD的最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
無(wú)延時(shí)型RCD的最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值在表1、表2、表3和表4中規(guī)定。
表1 無(wú)延時(shí)型RCD對(duì)于交流剩余電流的最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
IΔn
A 最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
s
IΔn 2IΔn 5 IΔna >5 IΔnb
任何值 0.3 0.15 0.04 0.04
a 對(duì)于IΔn≤0.030 A的RCD，可用0.25 A代替5 IΔn。
b 在相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定。
表2 無(wú)延時(shí)型RCD對(duì)于半波脈動(dòng)直流剩余電流的最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
IΔn A 最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
s
1.4 IΔn 2 IΔn 2.8 IΔn 4 IΔn 7 IΔna 10 IΔnb >7 IΔnc >10 IΔnc
≤0.010 0.3 0.15 0.04 0.04
0.030 0.3 0.15 0.04 0.04
>0.030 0.3 0.15 0.04 0.04
a 對(duì)于IΔn=0.030 A的RCD，可以用0.35 A代替7 IΔn。
b 對(duì)于IΔn≤0.010 A的RCD，可以使用0.5 A代替10 IΔn。
c 在相關(guān)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定。
表3 無(wú)延時(shí)型RCD對(duì)整流線路產(chǎn)生的直流剩余電流和/或平滑直流剩余電流的最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
IΔn
A 最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
s
2 IΔn 4 IΔn 10 IΔn >10 IΔna
任何值 0.3 0.15 0.04 0.04
a 相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定。
表4對(duì)預(yù)期在120 V帶中性點(diǎn)的兩相系統(tǒng)中使用的額定剩余電流為6 mA的無(wú)延時(shí)型RCD的最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間可替代的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
IΔn
A 最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
s
l IΔn 2 IΔn 5 IΔn >5 IΔna
0.006 5 2 0.04 0.04
a 在相關(guān)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定。
5.4.12.2 延時(shí)型剩余電流保護(hù)電器的分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間和不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
延時(shí)型僅適用于IΔn>0.03 A的剩余電流保護(hù)電器。
延時(shí)型剩余電流保護(hù)電器的分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間和不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值在表5、表6和表7中規(guī)定。對(duì)于其他額定延時(shí)的延時(shí)型剩余電流保護(hù)電器，應(yīng)由制造商規(guī)定2 IΔn的不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間。
2 IΔn時(shí)的最小不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間的優(yōu)選值是0.06 s，0.1 s，0.2 s，0.3 s，0.4 s，0.5 s，1 s。
表5 延時(shí)型RCD對(duì)于交流剩余電流的分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
額定延時(shí)
s 動(dòng)作時(shí)間 分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值和不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間
s
IΔn 2 IΔn 5 IΔn >5 IΔn
0.06 最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間 0.5 0.2 0.15 0.15
最小不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間 b 0.06 b b
其他額定延時(shí) 最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間 ab b b b
最小不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間 b 額定延時(shí) b b
a 為確保故障保護(hù)，最大動(dòng)作時(shí)間應(yīng)按GB/T 16895.21—2011。
b 由相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或制造商規(guī)定。
表6 延時(shí)型RCD對(duì)于脈動(dòng)直流剩余電流的分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
額定延時(shí)
s 動(dòng)作時(shí)間 分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值和不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間
s
1.4 IΔn 2.8 IΔn 7 IΔn >7 IΔn
0.06 最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間 0.5 0.2 0.15 0.15
最小不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間 b 0.06 b b
其他額定延時(shí) 最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間 ab b b b
最小不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間 b 額定延時(shí) b b
a 為確保故障保護(hù)，最大動(dòng)作時(shí)間應(yīng)按GB/T 16895.21—2011。
b 由相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或制造商規(guī)定。
表7 延時(shí)型RCD對(duì)于平滑直流剩余電流的分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值
額定延時(shí)
s 動(dòng)作時(shí)間 分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值和不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間
s
2 IΔn 4 IΔn 10 IΔn >10 IΔn
0.06 最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間 0.5 0.2 0.15 0.15
最小不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間 b 0.06 b b
其他額定延時(shí) 最大分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)間 ab b b b
最小不驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)間 b 額定延時(shí) b b
a 為確保故障保護(hù)，最大動(dòng)作時(shí)間應(yīng)按GB/T 16895.21—2011。
b 由相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或制造商規(guī)定。
6標(biāo)志和其他產(chǎn)品資料
剩余電流保護(hù)電器上的信息和標(biāo)志應(yīng)按相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
應(yīng)提供下列信息：
a) 制造商名稱或商標(biāo)；
b)型號(hào)或序列號(hào)；
c) 額定電壓；
d)額定頻率(如果不是50 Hz或60 Hz)；
e) 額定電流；
f) 剩余電流含有直流分量時(shí)的動(dòng)作特性：
——AC型剩余電流保護(hù)電器應(yīng)標(biāo)志符號(hào)
——A型剩余電流保護(hù)電器應(yīng)標(biāo)志符號(hào)
——F型剩余電流保護(hù)電器應(yīng)標(biāo)志符號(hào) 或
——B型剩余電流保護(hù)電器應(yīng)標(biāo)志符號(hào) 或
g)額定剩余動(dòng)作電流(或范圍，如果適用)；
h)額定延時(shí)(如果適用)；
i) 額定剩余不動(dòng)作電流(如果不是優(yōu)選值時(shí))；
j) 額定剩余接通和分?jǐn)嗄芰Γ? k)額定限制短路電流(如果適用時(shí))，在這種情況下還應(yīng)根據(jù)5.3.1標(biāo)志組合的短路保護(hù)電器的特性；
l) 防護(hù)等級(jí)(如果不是IP20時(shí))；
m)使用位置(如果適用時(shí))；
n)工作溫度范圍；
o) 試驗(yàn)裝置的識(shí)別字母T或相應(yīng)的文字；
p)應(yīng)提供指示剩余電流保護(hù)電器斷開(kāi)和閉合狀態(tài)的器件；
q) 接線圖(如果適用時(shí))(該要求通常對(duì)大于二極或帶有不可開(kāi)閉中性線的電器是必需的)；
r) 如果有必要區(qū)分電源端和負(fù)載端，則應(yīng)清晰地標(biāo)明(例如：在相應(yīng)的端子旁邊標(biāo)明“電源”和“負(fù)載”)；
s) 專門(mén)用于連接中性線的端子應(yīng)標(biāo)志符號(hào)N。
此外，對(duì)于r.c.單元：
——應(yīng)標(biāo)志能與其裝配或組裝的斷路器的最大額定電流；
——應(yīng)標(biāo)志其可與哪種斷路器裝配或組裝。
應(yīng)提供所有關(guān)于產(chǎn)品正確裝配(如果有的話)、安裝和使用的信息。
