GB/T 45415-2025 Defect analysis methods for battery electric vehicles fire accidents
1 Scope
This document establishes the defect analysis procedure of battery electric vehicles fire accidents, describes the in-depth analysis method of battery electric vehicles fire accident information, batch vehicle information analysis method, defect engineering analysis and test methods, defect identification and evaluation, and defect analysis report information.
This document is applicable to the defect analysis for battery electric vehicles fire accidents, and the defect analysis of other types of electric vehicles fire accidents may used this document as a reference.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 5907.1 Fire protection vocabulary - Part 1: General terms
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 34402 Safety of motor vehicle product - Guidelines for risk assessment and risk control
GB 38031 Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements
GB/T 43387 Product recall - Vocabulary
GB/T 43388 Judgment guidelines for serious safety-related fault of household automobile
XF/T 812 Guide for fire cause investigation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 5907.1, GB/T 19596, GB 38031, GB/T 43387 and GB/T 43388 as well as the following apply.
3.1
battery electric vehicle; BEV
motor vehicle powered entirely by electrical energy and driven by the motor
Note: The driving electrical energy of the motor comes from the vehicle-mounted rechargeable energy storage system or other energy storage devices.
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.1.1, modified]
3.2
fire
combustion out of control in time or space
[Source: GB/T 5907.1-2014, 2.3]
3.3
defect
situations that do not meet the national standards and professional standards for ensuring personal and property safety, or other unreasonable dangers endangering personal and property safety generally existing in the motor vehicle products of the same batch, model or category
[Source: GB/T 43387-2023, 3.1, modified]
3.4
defect analysis
technical analysis activity conducted by manufacturers, recall authorities, or recall technical agencies regarding the existence of defects in products
3.5
in-depth investigation of accident
technical activities to carry out in-depth collection and processing, restore or reproduce the whole process of the accident through the complex interaction characteristics of multi-factors of human, product and environment in the accident, find the cause of the accident and analyze the safety risk
[Source: GB/T 43387-2023, 5.6]
3.6
fault mode
component or product fault manifestations that can be observed or detected
[Source: GB/T 43388-2023, 3.3]
3.7
failure
phenomenon of complete loss of intended function or serious degradation of basic performance due to quality problems of a vehicle, major system or component in the normal use of the vehicle
Note: Intended functions and basic performance refer to the functions and performance of the product specified in regulations and standards and expressed by the manufacturer.
[Source: GB/T 43388-2023, 3.4]
3.8
failure cause
design, manufacturing, marking, external causes and other root causes leading to the failure (3.7) of vehicle products
3.9
defect engineering analysis and test
process of using professional equipment and technical means to carry out product safety testing and systematic analysis during defect analysis (3.4)
[Source: GB/T 43387-2023, 5.15, modified]
4 General
4.1 The defect analysis of battery electric vehicles fire accidents follows the principles of "Scientific rigor, compliance with regulations, seeking truth from facts and focusing on effectiveness".
4.2 The defect analysis of battery electric vehicles fire accidents should be carried out by combining "fire accident analysis + batch information analysis + defect engineering analysis".
4.3 The defect analysis of battery electric vehicles fire accidents should be carried out by manufacturers, recall technical institutions or technical teams with appropriate skills and qualifications based on multi-source data.
4.4 Recall technical institutions should establish a battery electric vehicle fire accident in-depth investigation technical team and investigation system, and should cooperate with the recall authorities to carry out fire defect investigation in accordance with the procedures in Clause 5.
4.5 Manufacturers should have the ability of fire investigation and analysis of battery electric vehicles, and establish the emergency treatment and improvement mechanism of battery electric vehicles fire accidents.
4.6 Defective battery electric vehicles that have implemented recall measures should continue to carry out fire defect monitoring and analysis, recall effect evaluation, etc.
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General
5 Analysis procedures
6 In-depth analysis of fire accident information
6.1 General
6.2 Fire accident information collection
6.3 Accident information fusion and mining
6.4 Failure cause identification
7 Batch vehicle information analysis
7.1 Batch vehicle information collection
7.2 Batch vehicle data analysis
7.3 Failure cause identification
8 Defect engineering analysis and test
8.1 General
8.2 Collection of vehicle remains and vehicles/parts of the same model and batch
8.3 Defect engineering analysis and test
8.4 Failure cause identification
9 Defect identification and evaluation
10 Defect analysis report
Annex A (Informative) Analysis method of batch vehicle operation cycle data
Annex B (Informative) Test method for defect engineering analysis
Annex C (Informative) Defect analysis report for battery electric vehicles fire accidents(template)
C.1 Overview of defect analysis work
C.2 Basic information about defect analysis object
C.3 In-depth analysis of fire accident information
C.4 Batch vehicle information analysis
C.5 Defect engineering analysis and test
C.6 Summary of defect analysis work and relevant suggestions
Bibliography
