GB/T 44649-2024 Nickel-metal hydride cells and modules used for electric road vehicles — Safety requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies test procedures and acceptance criteria for safety performance of nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) secondary cells and modules used for the propulsion of electric vehicles (EV). Electric vehicles (EV) including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).
This document is not applicable to the evaluation of the safety of nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) cells during transport and storage.
Note 1: In this document, Ni-MH cells mean the sealed nickel-metal hydride cells: these are sealed cells that use nickel hydroxide at the positive electrode, a hydrogen absorbing alloy at the negative electrode, and alkaline aqueous solution such as potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte. Sealed-type cells are those that can maintain their sealed condition and do not release gas or liquid when electrically charged and discharged within the temperature range specified by the cell manufacturer. These cells are equipped with a gas release mechanism to prevent explosion.
Note 2: This document intends to secure the basic safety performance of the cell as used in a battery system under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse, during the normal operation of EV.
Note 3: In this document, all the description on the cell are applicable to the module under the test.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2900.41-2008 Electrotechnical terminology - Primary and secondary cells and batteries (IEC 60050 (482):2004, IDT)
GB/T 19596-2017 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB 38031-2020 Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements
IEC 61434 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Guide to designation of current in alkaline secondary ceil and battery standards
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.41-2008 and GB/T 19596-2017, as well as the following apply.
3.1
battery electric vehicle; BEV
motor vehicle powered entirely by electrical energy and driven by the motor
Note: The driving electrical energy of the motor comes from the vehicle-mounted rechargeable energy storage system or other energy storage devices.
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.1.1, modified]
3.2
explosion
failure that occurs when a cell container opens violently and major components are forcibly expelled
3.3
fire
emission of flames from a cell
3.4
hybrid electric vehicle; HEV
a vehicle that, for the purpose of mechanical propulsion, draws energy from both of the following on-vehicle sources of stored energy/power:
— a consumable fuel;
— a rechargeable electrical energy/power storage device
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.1.2]
3.5
module
group of cells connected together in a series and/or parallel configuration with or without protective devices, e.g. fuse or positive temperature coefficient (PTC), not yet fitted with its final housing, terminal arrangement and electronic control device
3.6
rated capacity
capacity value of a cell or battery determined under specified conditions and declared by the manufacturer
Note: The rated capacity Cn of a cell or battery is declared by the cell manufacturer.
[Source: GB/T 2900.41-2008, 482-03-15, modified]
3.7
state of charge; SoC
percentage of the capacity that can be released from the current battery according to the specified discharge conditions in the available capacity
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.3.3.2.5]
4 General test requirements
Foreword II
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General test requirements
4.1 Accuracy of measuring instruments
4.2 General test conditions
5 Electrical measurement
5.1 General charge conditions
5.2 Capacity
5.3 State of charge (SoC) adjustment
6 Safety tests
6.1 General
6.2 Mechanical test
6.3 Thermal test
6.4 Electrical test
