標準編號:	GB/T 39752-2021
中文名稱:	電動汽車供電設備安全要求及試驗規范
英文名稱:	Safety requirements and test specifications of electric vehicle conductive supply equipment
中標分類:	T35    車用電子、電氣設備與儀表綜合
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
ICS分類:	43.040.99 43.040.99    其他道路車輛裝置 43.040.99
發布機構:	國家市場監督管理總局 國家標準化管理委員會
發布日期:	2021-03-09
實施日期:	2021-10-1
標準狀態:	superseded
被新標準替代:	GB 39752-2024 電動汽車供電設備安全要求
被替代日期:	2025-8-1
作廢日期:	2025-08-01
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	37000 字
翻譯價格(元):	2180.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This standard is proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of China Electricity Council. Safety requirements and test specifications of electric vehicle conductive supply equipment 1 Scope This standard specifies the safety requirements, test guidelines and test methods for electric vehicle conductive supply equipment (hereinafter referred to as "conductive supply equipment"). This standard is applicable to all types of conductive supply equipment with a rated output voltage of 1,000V AC or 1,500V DC and below, including those with charging mode 2, charging mode 3 and charging mode 4, as well as the conductive supply equipment which are not used for public purposes and used under special conditions (such as explosion-proof and liquid-cooled ones, and those used in plateaus at altitude above 2,000m). It shall be applied in combination with the requirements of relevant standards. The independent electrical accessories and auxiliary materials (such as connecting devices, cables and insulating materials, etc.) of conductive supply equipment shall comply with the specific product standards in conjunction with this standard. This standard involves serious equipment damage and serious personal harm caused by electric shock hazard, energy hazard, mechanical hazard, high temperature hazard, fire spread hazard, sound pressure hazard, out-of-control hazard, etc., when the conductive supply equipment conforms to the correct use regulations but may have operational errors. This standard does not involve the following: ——Safety requirements related to transport packaging, improper installation and application; ——Electromagnetic compatibility requirements; ——Information security requirements; ——Safety problems caused by vandalism and other purposeful behaviors; ——Other functional and performance requirements unrelated to safety. ? 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 1002 Single phase plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Types, basic parameters and dimensions GB/T 2099.1 Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 2423.55 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test methods - Test Eh: Hammer tests GB/T 4776-2017 Electrical safety terminology GB 4793.1-2007 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use - Part 1: General requirements GB 4943.1-2011 Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 5169.11 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT) GB/T 5169.21 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 21: Abnormal heat - Ball pressure test method GB/T 12113 Methods of measurement of touch current and protective conductor current GB/T 16842 Protection of persons and equipment by enclosures - Probe for verification GB/T 16935.1-2008 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests GB/T 18487.1-2015 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 20234.1-2015 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 29317-2012 Terminology of electric vehicle charging/battery swap infrastructure 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 4776-2017, GB 4793.1-2007, GB 4943.1-2011, GB/T 16935.1-2008, GB/T 18487.1-2015, GB/T 20234.1-2015 and GB/T 29317-2012 and the following apply. For ease of use, some terms and definitions in GB/T 4776-2017, GB 4793.1-2007, GB 4943.1-2011 and GB/T 16935.1-2008 are listed below. ? 3.1 enclosure equipment component used to minimize the spread of fire or flame inside the equipment; mechanical component used to reduce the risk of injury caused by mechanical hazards and other physical hazards; equipment component used to limit contact with parts and components that may have hazardous voltage or hazardous energy level; a component of the equipment that has one or more of the above functions Note: It is revised from GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.6.1. 3.2 tool screwdriver, or any other appliance that can be used to install and remove screws, pins or similar fasteners [GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.7.4] 3.3 hazard potential source of injury [GB 4793.1-2007, Definition 3.5.2] 3.3.1 hazardous live when it may cause electric shock or electric burn under normal condition or single fault condition [GB 4793.1-2007, Definition 3.5.3] 3.3.2 hazardous live part live part that can cause harmful electric shock under certain conditions 3.4 working voltage maximum voltage to which the insulation or the component under consideration is, or can be, subjected when the conductive supply equipment is working under normal use conditions Note 1: Overvoltage caused by the outside of the equipment is not considered. Note 2: It is revised from GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.9.6. 3.5 decisive voltage maximum voltage continuously occurring between two arbitrary live components when used for the intended purpose under the worst rated working conditions 3.5.1 decisive voltage classification A; DVCA voltage of voltage classification A for protection measures against electric shock 3.5.2 decisive voltage classification B; DVCB voltage of voltage classification B for protection measures against electric shock 3.5.3 decisive voltage classification C; DVCC voltage of voltage classification C for protection measures against electric shock 3.6 safety extra-low voltage circuit secondary circuit which is properly designed and protected Note 1: Its voltage value will not exceed the safe value under normal working conditions and single fault conditions. Note 2: It is revised from GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.8.8. 3.7 hazardous voltage voltage whose AC peak value exceeds 42.4V or DC value exceeds 60V in a circuit that does not meet the requirements of a current-limiting circuit or a TNV circuit [GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.8.6] 3.8 normal use operations performed according to the instructions for use or instructions for obvious intended use Note 1: It includes standby. Note 2: It is revised from GB 4793.1-2007, Definition 3.5.9. ? 3.9 normal condition condition under which all protective measures against hazards are intact [GB 4793.1-2007, Definition 3.5.10] 3.10 single fault condition condition under which a protective measure against hazard fails or certain hazard may occur and result in a fault Note: If a single fault condition will inevitably cause another one, then such two faults are considered as a single fault condition. [GB 4793.1-2007, Definition 3.5.11] 3.11 protective earthing conductor conductor in building wiring or conductor in power line used to connect the power supply protective earthing terminal in equipment with the earth point of building facilities Note: It is revised from GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.13.10. 3.12 touch current electric current that flows through the human body or animal body when touching one or more accessible parts and components of a device or equipment Note: It is revised from GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.13.12. 3.13 clearance shortest spatial distance measured between two conductive parts/components or between a conductive part/component and the equipment protection interface [GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.10.1] 3.14 creepage distance shortest path between two conductive parts/components or between a conductive part/component and the equipment protection interface measured along an insulating surface [GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.10.2] 3.15 Insulation 3.15.1 functional insulation insulation only required for the equipment to complete its normal function Note: The functional insulation defined here does not play a role in protecting against electric shock. However, it may be used to reduce the possibility of ignition and fire hazard. [GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.9.1] 3.15.2 basic insulation insulation providing basic protection against electric shock [GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.9.2] 3.15.3 supplementary insulation independent insulation applied in addition to basic insulation to reduce the risk of electric shock in case of failure of basic insulation [GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.9.3] 3.15.4 double insulation insulation consisting of basic insulation and supplementary insulation [GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.9.4] 3.15.5 reinforced insulation a single insulation structure, which provides a level of protection against electric shock equivalent to double insulation under the conditions specified herein Note: The term "insulation structure" does not mean that the insulation is a homogeneous whole. This kind of insulation may be composed of several separate insulation layers such as supplementary insulation or basic insulation. [GB 4943.1-2011, Definition 1.2.9.5] ? 3.16 overvoltage category numerical expression of transient overvoltage conditions Note 1: Overvoltage categories are indicated by I, II, III and IV. Note 2: It is revised from GB/T 16935.1-2008, Definition 3.10. 3.17 equipment safety classification classification according to the protection measures against electric shock provided by the conductive supply equipment 3.17.1 class I equipment equipment which not only relies on basic insulation for protection against electric shock, but also includes an additional safety measure, that is, connecting the conductive part prone to electric shock to the protective (earthing) conductor in the fixed wiring of the equipment, so that the easily accessible conductive part will become a live part when the basic insulation fails [GB/T 4776-2017, Definition 2.3.3.2] 3.17.2 class II equipment equipment which not only relies on basic insulation for protection against electric shock, but also includes additional safety measures (such as double insulation or reinforced insulation), without requirements for protective earthing or dependent equipment conditions [GB/T 4776-2017, Definition 2.3.3.3] 3.18 pollution adherence of external substances such as solids, liquids or gases (ionized gases), which may reduce the dielectric strength and surface resistivity Note: It is revised from GB/T 16935.1-2008, Definition 3.11. 3.19 pollution degree numerical representation of the expected degree of pollution of the micro-environment Note: It is revised from GB/T 16935.1-2008, Definition 3.13. 3.19.1 pollution degree 2; PD2 pollution degree where only non-conductive pollution appears usually but short-time conduction due to agglomeration appears occasionally 3.19.2 pollution degree 3; PD3 pollution degree where conductive pollution or dry non-conductive pollution becomes conductive due to agglomeration Note: Under such condition, the equipment shall usually be protected from direct sunlight, rainfall and strong wind pressure, but not be subjected to temperature or humidity control. 3.20 bushing ring sleeve that acts as a cushion Note: It is used outside mechanical components for the purposes of sealing and wear protection. 4 Safety requirements 4.1 Use environment 4.1.1 Environmental classification The classification of the use environment of conductive supply equipment is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Environmental classification Type a Outdoor Indoor Pollution degree Min. PD3 Min. PD2 Degree of protection Min. IP54 Min. IP32 Range of ambient temperature -20℃~+50℃ -5℃~+50℃ Range of relative humidity 5%~95% (without condensation) 5%~95% (without condensation) Ultraviolet exposure Required Not required Altitude b 2,000m or below 2,000m or below a The minimum environmental conditions specified by the manufacturer shall meet the minimum requirements. b For conductive supply equipment used at an altitude above 2,000m, the clearance and creepage distance shall be corrected according to the correction factors specified in GB/T 16935.1-2008. ? 4.1.2 Pollution degree The pollution degree of conductive supply equipment is the pollution degree of external environment, which shall meet the requirements in Table 1. In the indoor industrial environment exposed to pollution, the pollution degree shall be PD3. 4.1.3 Degree of protection The degree of protection provided by the enclosure of conductive supply equipment shall meet the requirements in Table 1. The degree of protection of the power supply interface shall meet the requirements specified in GB/T 20234.1-2015. 4.1.4 Ultraviolet exposure For conductive supply equipment used outdoors, the polymer material of the enclosure and the exposed sealing material shall be sufficiently tolerant to material degradation caused by ultraviolet radiation, and shall not have obvious deformation, crack or rupture, and shall not affect normal use. 4.2 Structure 4.2.1 General requirements The structure of the conductive supply equipment includes enclosure, partitions, door locking devices and hinges. The connection and splicing parts shall have sufficient mechanical strength to bear the stress encountered under normal use and fault conditions. The edges, bulges, corners, holes, shields, handles and other accessible parts of the conductive supply equipment structure shall be smooth and shall not cause any injury during normal use. 4.2.2 Enclosure material The enclosure material of conductive supply equipment shall be able to withstand the mechanical stress, electrical stress, thermal stress and environmental pressure generated under the specified use conditions. 4.2.3 Handle and manual control device The handles, knobs, clamps, joysticks and similar parts and components shall be firmly installed and shall not be loose under normal use.

Foreword II 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Safety requirements 5 Guidance on tests 6 Test methods Annex A (Informative) Identification symbols used on electric vehicle conductive supply equipment Annex B (Normative) Safety test items of electric vehicle conductive supply equipment Bibliography

電動汽車供電設備安全要求及試驗規范 1 范圍 本標準規定了電動汽車供電設備(以下簡稱“供電設備”)的安全要求、試驗導則和試驗方法。 本標準適用于額定輸出電壓為1000 V AC或1500 V DC及以下各類型供電設備，包括充電模式2、充電模式3和充電模式4的供電設備，不作為公共用途使用、在特殊條件下使用的供電設備(如防爆型、液冷型、海拔2000m以上高原使用的供電設備等)也適用于本標準，并需要結合相關標準的要求。 對于供電設備的獨立電氣附件、輔助材料(如連接裝置、線纜、絕緣材料等)需根據具體產品標準，與本標準結合使用。 本標準涉及到供電設備在符合正確使用規程，但可能發生操作失誤的情況下，由于電擊危險、能量危險、機械危險、高溫危險、著火蔓延危險、聲壓危險、失控危險等造成的設備嚴重損壞和重大人身危害情況。 本標準不涉及以下內容： ——與運輸包裝、不恰當安裝和應用相關的安全要求； ——電磁兼容要求； ——信息安全要求； ——因故意破壞和其他有目的行為所引起的安全問題； ——其他與安全無關的功能和性能要求。 2 規范性引用文件 下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB／T 1002 家用和類似用途單相插頭插座 型式、基本參數和尺寸 GB／T 2099.1 家用和類似用途插頭插座 第1部分：通用要求 GB／T 2423.55 電工電子產品環境試驗 第2部分：試驗方法 試驗Eh：錘擊試驗 GB／T 4776—2017 電氣安全術語 GB 4793.1—2007 測量、控制和實驗室用電氣設備的安全要求 第1部分：通用要求 GB 4943.1—2011 信息技術設備 安全 第1部分：通用要求 GB／T 5169.11 電工電子產品著火危險試驗 第11部分：灼熱絲／熱絲基本試驗方法 成品的灼熱絲可燃性試驗方法(GWEPT) GB／T 5169.21 電工電子產品著火危險試驗 第21部分：非正常熱 球壓實驗方法 GB／T 12113 接觸電流和保護導體電流的測量方法 GB／T 16842 外殼對人和設備的防護 檢驗用試具 GB／T 16935.1—2008 低壓系統內設備的絕緣配合 第1部分：原理、要求和試驗 GB／T 18487.1—2015 電動汽車傳導充電系統 第1部分：通用要求 GB／T 20234.1—2015 電動汽車傳導充電用連接裝置 第1部分：通用要求 GB／T 29317—2012 電動汽車充換電設施術語 3 術語和定義 GB／T 4776—2017、GB 4793.1—2007、GB 4943.1—2011、GB／T 16935.1—2008、GB／T 18487.1—2015、GB／T 20234.1—2015和GB／T 29317—2012界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。為了便于使用，以下重復列出了GB／T 4776—2017、GB 4793.1—2007、GB 4943.1—2011、GB／T 16935.1—2008的某些術語和定義。 3.1 外殼 enclosure 用來使設備內部的著火或火陷的蔓延減小到最低限度的設備部件；用來減小由機械危險和其他物理危險造成傷害危險的機械部件；用來限制接觸可能帶危險電壓或危險能量水平的零部件的設備部件；具有以上一種或多種功能的設備的一個部件。 注：改寫GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.6.1。 3.2 工具 tool 改錐或者可用來裝卸螺釘、插銷或類似緊固件的其他任何器具。 [GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.7.4] 3.3 危險 hazard 潛在的傷害源。 [GB 4793.1—2007，定義3.5.2] 3.3.1 危險帶電 hazardous live 在正常條件或單一故障條件下能使之發生電擊或電灼傷。 [GB 4793.1—2007，定義3.5.3] 3.3.2 危險帶電部分 hazardous live part 在某些條件下能造成傷害性電擊的帶電部分。 3.4 工作電壓 working voltage 當供電設備在正常使用的條件下工作時，所考慮的絕緣或元器件上所承受到的或能夠承受的最高電壓。 注1：不考慮設備外部引起的過電壓。 注2：改寫GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.9.6。 3.5 決定性電壓 decisive voltage 在最惡劣的額定工作條件下、按照預定目的使用時，兩個任意帶電部件之間持續出現的最高電壓。 3.5.1 決定性電壓等級A decisive voltage classification A；DVCA 防電擊保護措施的電壓等級分類A的電壓。 3.5.2 決定性電壓等級B decisive voltage classification B；DVCB 防電擊保護措施的電壓等級分類B的電壓。 3.5.3 決定性電壓等級C decisive voltage classification C；DVCC 防電擊保護措施的電壓等級分類C的電壓。 3.6 安全特低電壓電路 safety extra-low voltage circuit 作了適當的設計與保護的二次電路。 注1：使得在正常工作條件下和單一故障條件下，它的電壓值不會超過安全值。 注2：改寫GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.8.8。 3.7 危險電壓 hazardous voltage 存在于既不符合限流電路要求也不符合TNV電路要求的電路中，其交流峰值超過42.4 V或直流值超過60 V的電壓。 [GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.8.6] 3.8 正常使用 normal use 按使用說明或按明顯的預期用途的說明進行的操作。 注1：包括待機。 注2：GB 4793.1—2007，定義3.5.9。 3.9 正常條件 normal condition 防止危險的所有防護措施均完好無損的條件。 [GB 4793.1—2007，定義3.5.10] 3.10 單一故障條件 single fault condition 防止危險的一個防護措施發生失效的條件或可能引起某種危險而出現一個故障的條件。 注：如果某個單一故障條件會不可避免地引起另一個單一故障條件，則這樣的兩個故障被認為是一個單一故障條件。 [GB 4793.1—2007，定義3.5.11] 3.11 保護接地導體 protective earthing conductor 用來把設備中的電源保護接地端子同建筑設施接地點連接起來的建筑布線中的導體或電源線中的導線。 注：改寫GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.13.10。 3.12 接觸電流 touch current 當人體或動物接觸一個或多個裝置或設備的可觸及零部件時，流過他們身體的電流。 注：改寫GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.13.12。 3.13 電氣間隙 clearance 在兩個導電零部件之間或導電零部件與設備防護界面之間測得的最短空間距離。 [GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.10.1] 3.14 爬電距離 creepage distance 沿絕緣表面測得的兩個導電零部件之間或導電零部件與設備防護界面之間的最短路徑。 [GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.10.2] 3.15 絕緣 3.15.1 功能絕緣 functional insulation 僅使設備完成正常功能所需要的絕緣。 注：這里定義的功能絕緣并不起防電擊的作用。但是，它可以用來減小引燃和著火危險的可能。 [GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.9.1] 3.15.2 基本絕緣 basic insulation 對防電擊提供基本保護的絕緣。 [GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.9.2] 3.15.3 附加絕緣 supplementary insulation 除了基本絕緣以外施加的獨立的絕緣，用以在基本絕緣一旦失效時減小電擊的危險。 [GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.9.3] 3.15.4 雙重絕緣 double insulation 由基本絕緣加上附加絕緣構成的絕緣。 [GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.9.4] 3.15.5 加強絕緣 reinforced insulation 一種單一的絕緣結構，在本部分規定的條件下，其所提供的防電擊的保護等級相當于雙重絕緣。 注：“絕緣結構”這一術語并不是指該絕緣是一塊質地均勻的整體。這種絕緣可以有幾個附加絕緣或基本絕緣那樣單獨的絕緣層組成。 [GB 4943.1—2011，定義1.2.9.5] 3.16 過電壓類別 overvoltage category 用數字表述瞬時過電壓條件。 注1：用Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ表示過電壓類別。 注2：改寫GB／T 16935.1—2008，定義3.10。 3.17 設備安全分類 equipment safety classification 按供電設備提供的防電擊保護措施進行的分類。 3.17.1 Ⅰ類設備 class Ⅰ equipment 不僅依靠基本絕緣進行防電擊保護，而且還包括一個附加的安全措施，即把易電擊的導電部分連接到設備固定布線中的保護(接地)導體上，使易觸及導電部分在基本絕緣失效時，也不會成為帶電部分的設備。 [GB／T 4776—2017，定義2.3.3.2] 3.17.2 Ⅱ類設備 class Ⅱ equipment 不僅依靠基本絕緣進行防電擊保護，而且還包括附加的安全措施(例如雙重絕緣或加強絕緣)，但對保護接地或依賴設備條件未做規定的設備。 [GB／T 4776—2017，定義2.3.3.3] 3.18 污染 pollution 被固體、液體或氣體(電離氣體)等外部物質附著，可能使介電強度和表面電阻率下降。 注：改寫GB／T 16935.1—2008，定義3.11。 3.19 污染等級 pollution degree 用數字表征微觀環境受預期污染程度。 注：改寫GB／T 16935.1—2008，定義3.13。 3.19.1 污染等級2 pollution degree 2；PD2 通常僅有非導電性污染，但偶爾也會由于凝聚作用而短時導電。 3.19.2 污染等級3 pollution degree 3；PD3 導電污染或干燥的非導電污染由于凝聚作用變為導電。 注：在這種條件下，設備通常要防止暴露與直射的日光、降雨、強烈的風壓中，但不用控制溫度和濕度。 3.20 襯套 bushing 起襯墊作用的環套。 注：用于機械部件外，以達到密封、磨損保護等作用。 4 安全要求 4.1 使用環境 4.1.1 環境分類 供電設備使用環境分類，如表1所示。 表1 環境分類 類型a 室外 室內 污染等級 最低PD3 最低PD2 防護等級 最低IP54 最低IP32 環境溫度范圍 －20℃～＋50℃ －5℃～＋50℃ 相對濕度范圍 5％～95％(無冷凝) 5％～95％(無冷凝) 紫外暴露 要求 不要求 海拔b 2000m及以下 2000m及以下 a 制造商規定的最低環境條件應滿足最低要求。 b 對于在海拔2000m以上使用的供電設備，電氣間隙和爬電距離要根據GB／T 16935.1—2008規定的修正因子進行修正。 4.1.2 污染等級 供電設備的污染等級是外部環境的污染等級，應符合表1中的要求。室內暴露于污染的工業環境時，污染等級應為PD3。 4.1.3 防護等級 供電設備的外殼防護等級應符合表1中的要求。供電接口的防護等級應符合GB／T 20234.1—2015中規定的要求。 4.1.4 紫外暴露 室外使用的供電設備，外殼的聚合物材料和外露的密封材料對紫外輻射引起的材料退化應有足夠的耐受能力，不應有明顯的變形、裂紋或破裂等，不應影響正常使用。 4.2 結構 4.2.1 一般要求 供電設備結構包括外殼、隔板、門的閉鎖裝置和鉸鏈，連接和拼接等應具有足夠的機械強度以承受正常使用和故障條件下所遇到的應力。供電設備結構的棱緣、凸起、拐角、孔洞、護罩和手柄等能夠接觸的部位應圓滑，在正常使用時不應引起傷害。 4.2.2 外殼材料 供電設備外殼材料應能夠承受在規定使用條件下產生的機械應力、電氣應力、熱應力和環境壓力等。 4.2.3 把手和手動控制裝置 把手、旋鈕、夾具、操縱桿和類似零部件應牢固地安裝，在正常使用情況下不應松脫。 4.2.4 連接和拼接 供電設備的所有連接和拼接在機械上應牢固，在電氣上應連續，避免機械損傷。所有用于外部連接、零部件之間以及零部件內部連接的導線、相互接觸的導體或者裸露的帶電零部件應具有符合最高工作電壓的絕緣保護或絕緣距離。 螺釘、螺母、墊圈、彈簧或類似零件應充分固定并能夠承受正常使用所產生的機械應力，防止松動時引起的跨越附加絕緣或加強絕緣的電氣間隙、爬電距離的安全隱患。 輸入電源導線采用永久連接方式時，應通過螺釘、螺母或其他等效裝置方式固定的接線端子。 母線(裸或絕緣的)的布置應使其不發生內部短路，并能夠承受保護器件限定的短路應力。 載流部件之間的連接應保證有足夠和持久的接觸壓力，使用的絕緣硬導線或軟導線應至少按照有關電路的額定絕緣電壓確定；連接兩個端子之間的導線不應有中間接頭，如絞接或焊接。 當多股絞合導線固定到接線端子時，不應出現導線與下列零部件發生意外接觸的危險： ——與導線電位不同的其他沒有絕緣的帶電零部件；或 ——不帶電的金屬零部件。 使用的連接裝置、插頭和插座不因誤接而導致危險。如果連接裝置可以不通過工具來拆卸，則在拆開導體零部件期間和之后不應引起電擊或能量危險。 內部所有用作電氣連接的電纜應滿足與線徑相匹配的載流能力要求，如表2所示。 表2 適合連接外部導體端子用銅導線的截面積 額定電流A 單芯或多芯導線 軟導線 截面積mm2 截面積mm2 最小 最大 最小 最大 注：如果要選用表中規定值以外的導體，建議由成套設備制造商與用戶簽訂專門的協議。 所有電氣連接的電纜端子或接頭應符合表3中的連接強度要求。與輸出連接的充電電纜在超出拉力要求的外力作用下斷開時，應保證電纜中保護接地線是線束中最后一個被斷開的。充電過程中，當充電線纜被外力拉斷時，供電設備應立即停止充電輸出，不應存在電擊或能量危險。 表3 最小拉力值 導體標稱截面積mm2 拉力N 導體標稱截面積mm2 拉力N 注：所有電氣連接的電纜端子或接頭的最小拉力值測量包含絕緣層。 4.2.5 布線 在供電設備內部或設備外表面上，供絕緣線纜穿越的孔洞，其表面應光滑，或帶有光滑的套管或索環。布線路徑應避開可能損傷絕緣層的鋒利邊緣、螺紋、毛口、翼片、運動零部件和類似零部件，用于布線的夾具和導管，其邊緣應光滑圓潤。夾具的關節部位和支撐表面不應導致絕緣的磨損。 使用的襯套，應符合以下適用的要求： ——可靠地固定； ——不使用工具不應能拆卸。 4.2.6 開孔 開孔的配置和構造應使外來物進入開孔不可能接觸裸露零部件而產生危險，在門板、面板、蓋板處開孔，關閉或就位時應滿足要求。預定多于一個方向使用的設備，要求適用于每個方向。 4.2.7 電氣零部件 4.2.7.1 充電模塊 供電設備所用充電模塊的輸入與輸出應進行隔離，充電模塊的可直接接觸的低壓電路部分與輸入、輸出等危險電壓部分之間應存在雙重絕緣或加強絕緣措施。充電模塊應具有輸入和輸出保護功能。 安裝在供電設備內的充電模塊機殼應與供電設備保護地良好連接，并符合4.3.2.2.1中有關Ⅰ類設備保護連接和保護接地規定的要求。 4.2.7.2 機械開關設備 供電設備所選用的開關設備額定絕緣電壓應不小于供電設備的額定工作電壓，且不小于工作回路電壓；額定電流應不小于工作回路額定電流的1.25倍。 供電設備應為每路帶有危險電壓或者超過危險能量，或者可能引起危險電壓和能量的電源提供一個或多個機械開關設備(如開關和隔離開關接觸器、斷路器和繼電器等)。開關設備要求如下： ——對于直流輸出，開關設備應能同時斷開正極和負極； ——對于單相交流輸出，應按規定需要提供一個雙極都能同時斷開裝置； ——對于三相交流輸出，應按規定需要提供一個四極都能同時斷開裝置。 4.2.7.3 充電用連接裝置 4.2.7.3.1 溫度監測 充電用連接裝置溫度監測功能應符合GB／T 18487.1—2015中9.1規定的要求。 4.2.7.3.2 鎖緊裝置 充電用連接裝置的鎖緊裝置應符合GB／T 18487.1—2015中9.6規定的要求。 4.2.7.4 受限制電源(輔助電源) 供電設備內部所使用的受限制電源的輸出在正常工作條件下和任何單一故障條件下，不應產生過壓、過流及能量危險。受限制電源應符合以下要求之一： ——從內部限制輸出； ——使用一個阻抗限制輸出； ——使用過流保護裝置限制輸出； ——使用一個調節網絡限制輸出。