STANDARD test method for determination of additive elements,wear metals,and contaminants in used lubricanting oils and determination of selected elements in base oils by inductively co
Standard test method for determination of additive elements, wear metals, and contaminants in used lubricating oils and determination of selected elements in base oils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES)
1 Scope
1.1 This standard covers the determination of additive elements, wear metals, and contaminants in used lubricating oils and the determination of selected metal elements in base oils and re-refined base oils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The specific elements are listed in Table 1 (22 elements including aluminum, boron, barium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, silicon, tin, silver, sulfur, titanium, vanadium and zinc).
1.2 This standard is applicable to determination of oil-soluble metals and does not purport to quantitatively determine or detect the insoluble particulates. Analytical results are particle size dependent, and low results are obtained for particles larger than a few micrometers. However, the application of this standard can quickly provide information on mechanical wear and the use status of lubricating oil.
1.3 Elements present at concentrations above the upper limit of the calibration curves can be determined with additional, appropriate dilutions and with no degradation of precision.
1.4 For determination of sulfur, the instrument shall have a vacuum or inert-gas optical path. The determination of sodium and potassium is not possible on some instruments having a limited spectral range.
1.5 For elements other than calcium, sulfur, and zinc, the low limits listed in Table 2 and Table 4 were estimated to be ten times the repeatability standard deviation. For calcium, sulfur, and zinc, the low limits represent the lowest concentrations tested in the interlaboratory study.
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1.6 This standard involves some dangerous materials, operations and equipment, but it does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and protection practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. Unless otherwise specified in the standard, the following normative references shall be the current and valid.
GB/T 4756 Method for manual sampling of petroleum liquids
SH/T 0172 Determination of sulfur in petroleum products (high temperature method)
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply.
3.1 Babington-type nebulizer
device that generates an aerosol by flowing a liquid through an orifice from which gas flows at a high velocity
3.2 wear metal
metal element introduced into the oil by wear of oil-wetted parts
3.3 contaminant
foreign substance, generally undesirable, introduced into a lubricating oil
Foreword i
ASTM foreword ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Definitions
4 Summary of test method
5 Significance and use
6 Interferences
7 Apparatus
8 Reagents and materials
9 Preparation of internal standard solution (optional)
10 Sampling and sample handling
11 Preparation of test specimen solutions and standard solutions
12 Preparation of apparatus
13 Calibration
14 Procedure and calculation
15 Report
16 Precision and Bias
