標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編號(hào):	GB/T 16508.8-2013
中文名稱:	鍋殼鍋爐 第8部分：運(yùn)行
英文名稱:	Shell Boilers - Part 8: Operation
中標(biāo)分類:	J98    鍋爐及其輔助設(shè)備
行業(yè)分類:	GB    國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
ICS分類:	27.060.30 27.060.30    鍋爐和熱交換器 27.060.30
發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu):	國(guó)家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局 國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)
發(fā)布日期:	2013-12-31
實(shí)施日期:	2014-7-1
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài):	superseded
被新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)替代:	GB/T 16508.8-2022 鍋殼鍋爐 第8部分:運(yùn)行
被替代日期:	2023-2-1
作廢日期:	2023-02-01
翻譯語(yǔ)言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數(shù):	15000 字
翻譯價(jià)格(元):	290.0
交付時(shí)間:	付款后 1 個(gè)工作日

1 Scope This part of GB/T 16508 specifies the basic requirements of shell boiler operation management as well as preoperational requirements such as preparation, initiating, operation and adjustment, boiler shutdown, fault handling and the like. This part is applicable to the shell boilers defined within the scope of GB/T 16508.1. 2 Normative References The following documents for the application of this document are essential. Any dated reference, just dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 1576 Water Quality for Industrial Boilers GB/T 2900.48 Electrotechnical Terminology of Boilers GB/T 12145 Quality Criterion of Water and Steam for Generating Unit and Steam Power Epuipment GB 13271 Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Boiler TSG G0001 Boiler Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation TSG G0002 Supervision Administration Regulation on Energy Conservation Technology for Boiler TSG ZF001 Safety Valve - Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation 3 Terminologies and Definitions For the purpose of this document, the terminologies and definitions defined in GB/T 2900.48 and the following ones apply. 3.1 Boiler maintenance Maintenance measures which are taken to prevent the metal from corrosion thickness decrease during extended shutdown period of boiler. 3.2 Boiler dry maintenance Maintenance measures which are taken to prevent the metal from corrosion thickness decrease by adopting the methods of freeing the inside of the boiler from moisture during extended shutdown period. 3.3 Boiler wet maintenance Maintenance measures which are taken to prevent the metal from corrosion thickness decrease by adopting the methods of avoiding the oxygen contained in the water inside the boiler from reacting with the metal surface during short shutdown period. 4 Basic Requirements of Operation Management 4.1 Boiler using organizations shall select the boiler equipment that are in accordance with the requirements of national safety technical regulations and relevant standards, and they shall not select the boilers or auxiliary machines which are officially eliminated by the nation. 4.2 Before the boiler is put into operation, it shall be registered at the local boiler safety supervision and administration department according to the requirements of Boiler Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation (TSG G0001). 4.3 The using organizations shall establish the technical files on safety and energy-saving of boilers as well as the application management system and operation specifications for boilers according to those specified in Boiler Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation (TSG G0001) and Supervision Administration Regulation on Energy Conservation Technology for Boiler (TSG G0002). 4.4 According to the requirements of Measures for the Supervision and Management of Personnel Operating Special Equipment, the boiler operation personnel shall take the post with certificate, operate in accordance with the regulations, get done with operation inspection and recording as well as report timely and handle correctly in case potential hazards are found. 4.5 Before the boiler is officially put into operation, the safety valve shall be adjusted and verified according to the requirements of Safety Valve - Safety Technical Supervision Administration Regulation (TSG ZF001). 4.6 During the operation of boiler, it shall be ensured that the steam pressure, water level and temperature are normal, the automatic control and interlock protection device are intact and shall not be operated in non-protected state. 4.7 The boiler water (medium) quality shall be in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 1576 or GB/T 12145. 4.8 During the operation of boiler, the emission limits of air pollutants shall be in accordance with the requirements of GB 13271 and the environmental protection requirements of the district of use. 5 Preparation before Operation 5.1 External inspection of boiler 5.1.1 The boiler body, auxiliary equipment as well as the supports and the hangers shall be intact. 5.1.2 The governing valve and damper of air flue and flue shall be intact, with flexible switching and correct indication for opening/closing. 5.1.3 The external boiler setting and thermal insulation shall be intact. 5.1.4 Devices such as boiler door, ash door, observation door opening, explosion door as well as hand hole, man hole, inspection door opening and the like shall be intact and tightly closed. 5.2 Inspection of boiler safety accessories 5.2.1 The safety accessories shall be complete, intact and in the place required for initiating. 5.2.2 The pressure gage shall be complete and intact, with its pointers indicating correctly. The trap shall be normal and free from deformation; the three-way cock of the pressure gage shall be opened and closed easily. 5.2.3 The water level indicator and its accessories shall be complete and intact to ensure clear and visible water level-indication. The junction valve and blowdown valve of water level indicator shall be opened and closed easily. 5.2.4 The temperature measuring instrument and its connecting pieces shall be complete and intact, with its pointer indicating correctly. 5.2.5 The lead sealing of safety valve and discharge valve shall be intact; the discharge tube shall be intact and unimpeded to ensure safe discharge and if necessary, it shall be provided with anti-freezing measures. 5.3 Inspection of energy efficiency monitoring device and energy metering instrument Fuel consumption metering device, medium thermometer, flowmeter and the like shall be complete and intact, with the pointers indicating correctly. 5.4 Inspection of heating surface 5.4.1 The using organization shall comply with the requirements of the boiler operation instructions and formulate operation specifications of regular inspection for boiler heating surface. The heating surface shall be inspected after periodical inspection and overhaul of the boiler. 5.4.2 The sealing of the outer packing, thermal insulation and every junction of the heating surface shall be intact; the inspection door and opening shall be well sealed in closed state. And if necessary, the superheater, economizer and air preheater shall be inspected to make sure whether there are foreign matters inside of them so as to ensure the flue unimpeded. 5.5 Inspection of steam-water pipeline and valve The steam pipeline, water supply pipeline, intake pipeline, outlet pipeline, drainage pipeline and blow off pipeline shall be unimpeded; the support and thermal insulation of each pipeline shall be in good condition. The valves on the pipeline shall be intact with flexible switching; the opening/closing and opening degree of the valves shall be in the correct position. 5.6 Inspection of combustion equipment 5.6.1 The combustion equipment shall be free from deformation and damage which will impact its normal operation; the mechanical transmission shall be subjected to and pass test run and it shall be well lubricated. 5.6.2 The grate shall be free from deformation or damage which will impact its normal operation and the clearance between grate plates shall be suitable; the coal feeder shall operate normally. 5.6.3 As for oil-fired or gas-fired boiler, the combustor, fuel supply pipeline, filter screen, oil pump, oil heater and the like shall be inspected. Each cock, valve, connector, etc. shall be free from blocking or leakage. The oil pressure gage, oil temperature gauge and gas-pressure meter shall be intact, with their pointers indicating correctly. 5.7 Inspection of water supply system and water treatment equipment 5.7.1 The water pump shall be in normal operating condition as well as be subjected to and pass the test run; the water supply pipeline, valves, water tank and their auxiliaries shall be in normal operating condition. 5.7.2 As for ion exchange equipment, deoxidation equipment and dosing equipment, they shall be intact, free from leakage, corrosion or blocking, and in operating condition. 5.8 Inspection of ventilation equipment Force draft fan and induced draft fan shall be inspected to make sure whether there are internal foreign matters. The fans shall be in normal condition as well as subjected to and pass the test run; the oil level of lubricant shall be normal. The smoke and wind damper shall rotate flexibly, with their opening/closing and opening degree meeting relevant requirements. 5.9 Inspection of slag removal equipment as well as dust removal and desulfurization equipment 5.9.1 The slag removal equipment shall be complete and intact; the lubrication and cooling systems shall be normal and free from abnormal phenomenon during test run. 5.9.2 The external of dust removal and desulfurization equipment shall be clean and free from such phenomenon as air leakage, water leakage, blocking or the like. 5.10 Inspection of fuel supply and conveying equipment The fuel storage shall be sufficient; the conveying system shall be free from abnormal phenomenon during test run. 5.11 Inspection of soot blower The soot blower shall be intact and free from leakage, and it shall act flexibly. The ancillary facilities shall be in normal operation.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terminologies and Definitions 4 Basic Requirements of Operation Management 5 Preparation before Operation 6 Initiating 7 Operation and Adjustment 8 Boiler Shutdown 9 Maintenance and Service 10 Fault Handling

鍋殼鍋爐 第8部分：運(yùn)行 1 范圍 GB/T 16508的本部分規(guī)定了鍋殼鍋爐運(yùn)行管理的基本要求、運(yùn)行前的準(zhǔn)備、啟動(dòng)、運(yùn)行與調(diào)節(jié)、停爐、故障處理等要求。 本部分適用于GB/T 16508.1范圍界定的鍋殼鍋爐。 2規(guī)范性引用文件 下列文件對(duì)于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB/T 1576 工業(yè)鍋爐水質(zhì) GB/T 2900.48電工名詞術(shù)語(yǔ)鍋爐 GB/T 12145火力發(fā)電機(jī)組及蒸汽動(dòng)力設(shè)備水汽質(zhì)量 GB 13271鍋爐大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn) TSG G0001鍋爐安全技術(shù)監(jiān)察規(guī)程 TSG G0002鍋爐節(jié)能技術(shù)監(jiān)督管理規(guī)程 TSG ZF001安全閥安全技術(shù)監(jiān)察規(guī)程 3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義 GB/T 2900.48界定的以及以下術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。 3.1 停爐保養(yǎng) boiler maintenance 在鍋爐較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間停爐期間，為了防止金屬腐蝕減薄的保養(yǎng)措施。 3.2 干法保養(yǎng)boiler dry maintenance 在鍋爐較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間停爐期間，采用使鍋爐內(nèi)部無水分的方法防止金屬腐蝕減薄的保養(yǎng)措施。 3.3 濕法保養(yǎng)boiler wet maintenance 在鍋爐短時(shí)間停爐期間，采用使鍋爐內(nèi)部水中的氧與金屬表面不起作用的方法防止金屬腐蝕減薄的保養(yǎng)措施。 4運(yùn)行管理的基本要求 4.1 鍋爐使用單位應(yīng)選用符合國(guó)家安全技術(shù)規(guī)范和有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的鍋爐設(shè)備，不應(yīng)選用國(guó)家明令淘汰的鍋爐和輔機(jī)產(chǎn)品。 4.2鍋爐在投入使用前應(yīng)按照TSG G0001《鍋爐安全技術(shù)監(jiān)察規(guī)程》的規(guī)定向當(dāng)?shù)劐仩t安全監(jiān)督管理部門辦理使用登記。 4.3使用單位應(yīng)按照TSG G0001《鍋爐安全技術(shù)監(jiān)察規(guī)程》和TSG G0002《鍋爐節(jié)能技術(shù)監(jiān)督管理規(guī)程》的規(guī)定，建立鍋爐安全與節(jié)能的技術(shù)檔案、鍋爐使用管理制度和操作規(guī)程。 4.4鍋爐作業(yè)人員應(yīng)按照《特種設(shè)備作業(yè)人員監(jiān)督管理辦法》的規(guī)定持證上崗，按章作業(yè)，做好運(yùn)行檢查和記錄，發(fā)現(xiàn)隱患應(yīng)及時(shí)報(bào)告和正確處理。 4.5鍋爐正式投運(yùn)前，應(yīng)按TSG ZF001《安全閥安全技術(shù)監(jiān)察規(guī)程》的要求對(duì)安全閥進(jìn)行整定與校驗(yàn)。 4.6鍋爐在運(yùn)行中，應(yīng)保證汽壓、水位、溫度正常，自動(dòng)控制及聯(lián)鎖保護(hù)裝置完好，不應(yīng)在非保護(hù)狀態(tài)下運(yùn)行。 4.7鍋爐水(介)質(zhì)應(yīng)符合GB/T 1576或GB/T 12145的規(guī)定。 4.8鍋爐運(yùn)行時(shí)的大氣污染物排放限值應(yīng)符合GB 13271的規(guī)定以及鍋爐使用地區(qū)的環(huán)保要求。 5運(yùn)行前的準(zhǔn)備 5.1鍋爐的外部檢查 5.1.1鍋爐本體、輔機(jī)設(shè)備，以及支承、吊架應(yīng)完好。 5.1.2風(fēng)道及煙道的調(diào)節(jié)門、擋板應(yīng)完好、開關(guān)靈活、啟閉指示正確。 5.1.3鍋爐外部爐墻及保溫應(yīng)完好。 5.1.4爐門、灰門、看火門孔、防爆門，以及手孔、人孔、檢查門孔等裝置應(yīng)完好，且關(guān)閉嚴(yán)密。 5.2鍋爐安全附件的檢查 5.2.1安全附件齊全、完好，處于啟動(dòng)要求的位置。 5.2.2壓力表應(yīng)齊全完好，指針指示正確。存水彎管應(yīng)正常不變形，壓力表三通旋塞啟閉靈活。 5.2.3水位表及其附件應(yīng)齊全完好，保證水位指示清晰可見。水位表的連接閥、排污閥應(yīng)啟閉靈活。 5.2.4溫度測(cè)量?jī)x表及連接件應(yīng)齊全完好，指針指示正確。 5.2.5安全閥、泄放閥的鉛封應(yīng)完好，泄放管完好暢通，確保泄放安全，必要對(duì)應(yīng)有防凍措施。 5.3能效監(jiān)控裝置、能源計(jì)量?jī)x表的檢查 燃料消耗量計(jì)量裝置、介質(zhì)溫度計(jì)及流量計(jì)等應(yīng)齊全完好，指針指示正確。 5.4受熱面的檢查 5.4.1 使用單位應(yīng)按照鍋爐使用說明書的要求，制定鍋爐受熱面定期檢查操作規(guī)程。在鍋爐的定期檢驗(yàn)和大修后應(yīng)對(duì)受熱面進(jìn)行檢查。 5.4.2受熱面的外包裝、保溫及各連接處密封應(yīng)完好，檢查門、孔在關(guān)閉狀態(tài)時(shí)密封良好。必要時(shí)，應(yīng)檢查過熱器、省煤器及空氣預(yù)熱器內(nèi)部有無異物，保證煙道暢通。 5.5汽水管道和閥門的檢查 鍋爐的蒸汽管道、給水管道、進(jìn)水管道、出水管道、疏水管道和排污管道應(yīng)暢通，各管道的支架、保溫應(yīng)良好。管道上的閥門應(yīng)完好且開關(guān)靈活，閥門的啟閉和開度應(yīng)保持正確位置。 5.6燃燒設(shè)備的檢查 5.6.1燃燒設(shè)備應(yīng)無影響正常運(yùn)行的變形和損傷，機(jī)械傳動(dòng)裝置應(yīng)進(jìn)行試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常，且潤(rùn)滑良好。 5.6.2爐排無影響正常運(yùn)行的變形和損傷，爐排片的間隙合適，給煤機(jī)應(yīng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常。 5.6.3燃油或燃?xì)忮仩t應(yīng)檢查燃燒器、燃料供應(yīng)管路、濾網(wǎng)、油泵、油加熱器等。各旋塞、閥門、接頭等不應(yīng)堵塞或泄漏。油壓表、油溫表、氣壓表應(yīng)完好，指針指示正確。 5.7給水系統(tǒng)及水處理設(shè)備的檢查 5.7.1水泵應(yīng)處于正常狀態(tài)并經(jīng)試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常，給水管路、閥門、水箱及附件應(yīng)處于正常狀態(tài)。 5.7.2離子交換設(shè)備、除氧設(shè)備及加藥設(shè)備應(yīng)完好，無泄漏、腐蝕、堵塞，具備運(yùn)行條件。 5.8通風(fēng)設(shè)備的檢查 檢查送、引風(fēng)機(jī)內(nèi)有無異物。風(fēng)機(jī)處于正常狀態(tài)并經(jīng)試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常，潤(rùn)滑油油位正常。煙、風(fēng)擋板轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)靈活，啟閉和開度符合要求。 5.9除渣及除塵脫硫設(shè)備的檢查 5.9.1除渣設(shè)備裝置齊全完好，潤(rùn)滑、冷卻系統(tǒng)正常，試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)無異常現(xiàn)象。 5.9.2除塵脫硫設(shè)備外部應(yīng)清潔，無漏風(fēng)、漏水及堵塞等現(xiàn)象。 5.10燃料供應(yīng)和輸送設(shè)備的檢查 燃料儲(chǔ)存應(yīng)充足，輸送系統(tǒng)試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)無異常現(xiàn)象。 5.11吹灰裝置的檢查 吹灰裝置應(yīng)完好，且無泄漏，動(dòng)作靈活。配套設(shè)施應(yīng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常。 6啟動(dòng) 6.1 鍋爐進(jìn)水 6.1.1蒸汽鍋爐進(jìn)水 應(yīng)在鍋爐進(jìn)水閥處于開啟狀態(tài)時(shí)進(jìn)水，進(jìn)水速度應(yīng)按鍋爐使用說明書的要求。在進(jìn)水過程中，應(yīng)檢查空氣閥是否排氣，鍋筒、聯(lián)箱的孔蓋及各部的閥門、法蘭、堵頭等處是否有漏水現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)進(jìn)水至最低安全水位時(shí)，停止進(jìn)水進(jìn)行檢查，如有異常情況，應(yīng)進(jìn)行處理；當(dāng)鍋爐點(diǎn)火對(duì)水位有特殊要求時(shí)，應(yīng)進(jìn)水至點(diǎn)火水位。 6.1.2熱水鍋爐進(jìn)水 熱水鍋爐充水前應(yīng)關(guān)閉所有的排水及疏水閥，同時(shí)開啟管網(wǎng)末端的連接供水與回水管的旁通閥。進(jìn)水至鍋爐頂部、管網(wǎng)中、集氣罐上的空氣閥冒出水為止。 6.2點(diǎn)火 6.2.1 鍋爐的點(diǎn)火方法和程序應(yīng)按鍋爐使用說明書的要求或使用單位制定的操作規(guī)程進(jìn)行。 6.2.2鏈條爐排鍋爐的點(diǎn)火，應(yīng)先打開煙道擋板，保持煙氣通道暢通。點(diǎn)火不應(yīng)使用易爆燃的燃料。熱水鍋爐在點(diǎn)火前應(yīng)啟動(dòng)循環(huán)水泵。 6.2.3燃油燃?xì)忮仩t點(diǎn)火，應(yīng)按規(guī)定的點(diǎn)火程序進(jìn)行。在點(diǎn)火前應(yīng)用風(fēng)機(jī)對(duì)爐膛進(jìn)行吹掃，吹掃風(fēng)量應(yīng)足以使?fàn)t膛和煙道中的殘存氣體被吹盡。如果一次點(diǎn)火不成功，應(yīng)檢查火焰探測(cè)器是否正常、熄火保護(hù)是否起作用、熄火后是否切斷燃料的供給。再次點(diǎn)火應(yīng)有足夠的時(shí)間間隔且滿足風(fēng)量足夠的要求。 6.3蒸汽鍋爐的升壓與并汽 6.3.1 升壓 6.3.1.1 為確保鍋爐不致產(chǎn)生過大的熱應(yīng)力，鍋爐從冷態(tài)備用狀態(tài)點(diǎn)火到升至工作壓力應(yīng)保證有一定的時(shí)間，按鍋爐使用說明書或使用單位制定的操作規(guī)程進(jìn)行。 6.3.1.2升壓過程中應(yīng)控制水位，水位過高時(shí)采用鍋爐下部放水方法，水位過低則進(jìn)行補(bǔ)水。 6.3.1.3對(duì)于非沸騰式省煤器，有旁路煙道者應(yīng)使省煤器出口水溫低于相同壓力下的飽和溫度30℃以下，無旁路煙道者可用再循環(huán)管路保持省煤器出口水溫。 6.3.2并汽 6.3.2.1并汽前應(yīng)使鍋爐出口蒸汽壓力略低于蒸汽母管汽壓，以免并汽時(shí)汽壓突降引起鍋水急劇蒸發(fā)。 6.3.2.2并汽時(shí)應(yīng)先開啟并汽閥的旁路閥，后開啟并汽閥。開閥時(shí)要緩慢，并汽閥開啟后再關(guān)閉并汽閥的旁路閥。 6.4熱水鍋爐升溫 在升溫期間，應(yīng)密切監(jiān)視出水溫度及壓力的變化。當(dāng)出水溫度接近正常供水溫度時(shí)，應(yīng)檢查各連接處有無滲漏現(xiàn)象。 6.5水泵的檢查 鍋爐啟動(dòng)前，應(yīng)對(duì)水泵進(jìn)行試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，并應(yīng)檢查軸承盒內(nèi)潤(rùn)滑油是否充足，軸承冷卻水系統(tǒng)是否正常。 6.6風(fēng)機(jī)的開啟 風(fēng)機(jī)的開啟方法和程序應(yīng)按鍋爐的使用說明書或使用單位制定的操作規(guī)程進(jìn)行，同時(shí)配備鼓風(fēng)機(jī)和引風(fēng)機(jī)的鍋爐，一般情況下，應(yīng)先開啟引風(fēng)機(jī)，后開啟鼓風(fēng)機(jī)。 6.7除塵脫硫設(shè)備的啟動(dòng) 除塵脫硫設(shè)備應(yīng)隨鍋爐同時(shí)啟動(dòng)，開啟方法和程序應(yīng)按鍋爐的使用說明書或使用單位制定的操作規(guī)程進(jìn)行。