標準編號:	GB 21670-2025
中文名稱:	乘用車制動系統技術要求及試驗方法
英文名稱:	Technical requirements and testing methods for passenger car braking systems
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
發布日期:	2025-05-30
實施日期:	2026-1-1
標準狀態:	valid
替代舊標準:	GB 21670-2008 乘用車制動系統技術要求及試驗方法
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	80000 字
翻譯價格(元):	6900.0
交付時間:	付款后 1~5 個工作日

GB 21670-2025 Technical requirements and testing methods for passenger car braking systems English, PDF 1 Scope This document specifies the structural and functional requirements, test and performance requirements and the same type determination requirements of passenger car braking systems, and describes the corresponding test methods. This document is applicable to M1 vehicles specified in GB/T 15089. 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies. GB 4094 Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales of motor vehicles GB/T 5345 Road vehicles - Labelling of containers for petroleum-based or non-petroleum-based brake fluid GB/T 5620 Road vehicles - Vocabulary and definition for braking of automotive vehicles and their trailers GB 12981 Motor vehicle brake fluids GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers GB/T 34590 (all parts) Road vehicles - Functional safety GB 34660 Road vehicles - Requirements and test methods of electromagnetic compatibility 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this standard, the terms and definitions specified in GB/T 5620 and GB/T 34590.1 as well as the following ones apply. 3.1 braking equipment all braking systems fitted to a vehicle 3.2 braking system a combination of components consisting of control device, transmission device, and brake, which can reduce the speed of a moving vehicle progressively or bring it to a halt, or keep it stationary when halted 3.3 control device a part actuated directly by the driver to supply or control the energy required for braking or controlling the transmission device Note: Such energies include the physical strength of the driver, other energy sources controlled by the driver or a combination of different energies. 3.4 transmission device combination of components between the control device and the brake to realize the functional connection between them Note 1: Transmission devices are classified as mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electric or hybrid types. Note 2: When the braking force is provided or assisted by energy other than the driver's physical strength, the energy accumulator is regarded as a part of the transmission device. Note 3: The transmission device has two independent functions: control transmission and energy transmission. When the word "transmission" is used solely in this document, it means "control transmission" and "energy transmission". 3.4.1 control transmission device combination of components in the transmission device that control the brake, having control function and the required energy accumulator 3.4.2 energy transmission device combination of components that provide the brake with the energy required for its function, including the energy accumulator required for the brake to work 3.5 brake component that generates a force that is opposite to the movement trend of the vehicle Note: Including friction brake (the braking force is generated by friction between two parts in the vehicle with relative motion), electric brake (the braking force is generated by electromagnetic action between two parts in the vehicle with relative motion but not in contact with each other), hydraulic brake (the braking force is generated by liquid with relative motion between two parts of the vehicle) and engine retarder (artificially increasing engine braking effect and transmitting force to wheels). 3.6 component of braking system individual components that can be assembled to be a braking system 3.7 graduated/modulatable braking braking process in which the driver can control the control device at any time within the normal control range during braking, and adjust the braking force with sufficient accuracy, so that the braking force increases or decreases with the control amplitude (monotonic function) 3.8 distribution of mass among the axles distribution of the gravity of the vehicle and its loading mass between axles 3.9 wheel/axle load vertical static reaction of the pavement to one/all wheels of an axle in the contact area 3.10 hydraulic braking system with stored energy braking equipment powered by pressurized liquid stored in an energy accumulator Note: The pressure liquid is supplied by the hydraulic pump with pressure limiting device, and the pressure limit is specified by the manufacturer. 3.11 actuation function and release of control device 3.12 electric regenerative braking system braking system that converts kinetic energy of a vehicle into electrical energy during deceleration 3.12.1 electric regenerative braking control device that modulates the braking effect of the electric regenerative braking system 3.12.2 electric regenerative braking system of category A electric regenerative braking system that does not belong to the service braking system 3.12.3 electric regenerative braking system of category B electric regenerative braking system that belongs to the service braking system 3.13 traction battery; propulsion battery batteries that provide energy for the power system of electric vehicles [Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.3.1.1.1.1] 3.14 state-of-charge; SOC percentage of the capacity that can be released from the current battery (such as battery and super-capacitor) to the available capacity 3.15 phased braking braking that two or more brake sources use the same control device to give priority to one brake source by delaying the other brake sources, so that it can strengthen the necessary control actions before the other brake sources work 3.16 automatically commanded braking function that the electronic control system automatically controls the braking system or the brakes of an axle to brake according to the result of automatic evaluation of vehicle information, so as to slow down the vehicle 3.17 selective braking function that the electronic control system automatically brakes a single brake and adjust the state of the vehicle through deceleration 3.18 nominal value reference braking performance obtained by assigning values to the input-output transfer function of each vehicle braking system, which is used to represent the relationship between the braking intensity that the vehicle can produce and the braking input variable level Note: "nominal value" is defined as a characteristic parameter indicating the relationship between the braking intensity of the vehicle itself and the braking input variable. 3.19 braking signal logic signal indicating braking trigger 3.20 emergency braking signal logic signal indicating emergency braking trigger 3.21 wheel lock state that when the vehicle speed is greater than 15km/h, the rotation speed of the wheel is 0 r/min or the duration of 100% wheel slip rate is greater than or equal to 100ms (500ms for ABS test on low adhesion coefficient pavement) 3.22 yaw angle included angle between the center line and the driving reference line when the vehicle stops driving 3.23 anti-lock braking system; ABS system which can automatically control the degree of slip, in the direction of rotation of one or more wheels of the vehicle during braking 3.24 sensor component used to identify the motion state of the vehicle or the rotation state of the wheel and transmit such information to the components of the controller 3.25 controller component used to process the information provided by the sensor and send instructions to the components of the modulator 3.26 modulator component used to modulate the braking force according to the controller instruction received 3.27 directly controlled wheel 1) wheel whose braking force is modulated according to data provided by the sensor of the vehicle 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Symbols For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. areduced: value after the deceleration demand value is reduced aref: deceleration demand value B: braking force BEF: braking efficiency factor dm: maximum average deceleration dM: maximum value of the average deceleration of passenger cars in the O-type test of power disengagement dM+R: calculated average deceleration of the passenger car when it is connected with a non-braking trailer Dw: ratio of wheel cylinder inner diameter to piston diameter Δd: value of the thickness of a new brake lining (maximum brake lining thickness) minus the thickness of a brake lining completely worn (minimum brake lining thickness declared by the manufacturer) Δt: braking cycle, the time from the start of one braking to that of the next one E: wheelbase ε: utilization ratio of adhesion coefficient, that is, the quotient of the maximum braking strength and the theoretical adhesion coefficient when the anti-lock braking system is working εH: ε value on pavement with high adhesion coefficient εL: ε value on pavement with low adhesion coefficient F: braking force Ff: brake force of front axle Ffdyn: dynamic load on the front axle of motor vehicle Fr: braking force of rear axle fr: rolling resistance coefficient Frdyn: dynamic load on the rear axle of motor vehicle Fi: normal static reaction of pavement to i-axis g: gravity acceleration, g=9.81m/s2 h: height of the center of mass specified by the manufacturer and approved by the testing organization that conducted the test i: axle number (for front axle, i = 1; for rear axle, i=2) J: braking deceleration k: adhesion coefficient between tire and pavement kf: k value of a front axle kH: k value measured on high adhesion coefficient pavement kL: k value measured on low adhesion coefficient pavement klock: adhesion coefficient value when the slip rate is 100% kM: k value of motor vehicle kpeak: maximum value of "adhesion coefficient-slip rate" curve kr: k value of a rear axle 5 Construction and function requirements 5.1 Braking equipment 5.1.1 Overall requirements 5.1.1.1 The design, manufacture and installation of vehicle braking equipment shall ensure that it can still be used as usual under the influence of driving vibration and meet the requirements of this document. 5.1.1.2 The design, manufacture and installation of braking equipment shall ensure it has anti-corrosion and anti-aging ability. 5.1.1.3 Brake linings shall be free from asbestos. 5.1.1.4 The efficiency of braking equipment shall be free from adverse influence of magnetic field or electric field, and shall be verified according to the requirements of electromagnetic radiation immunity test for vehicles in GB 34660. 5.1.1.5 On the premise of not impairing the braking performance, the command signal transmitted by the failure detection signal interrupt control shall not exceed 10ms. 5.1.2 Function of braking equipment 5.1.2.1 Service braking Regardless of the speed, load, uphill or downhill, the service braking system shall be able to control the vehicle to slow down or stop safely, quickly and effectively. The braking shall be progressive /adjustable. Ensure that the driver can brake without removing his both hands from the steering wheel at the driving position. 5.1.2.2 Emergency braking When the service braking system fails, the emergency braking system shall be able to stop the vehicle within a proper distance. The braking shall be progressive /adjustable. Ensure that the driver can brake without removing his both hands from the steering wheel at the driving position. The premise of this requirement is that the service braking system does not have more than one failure at the same time. 5.1.2.3 Parking braking The working parts of the parking brake system shall be locked by pure mechanical devices, so that the vehicle can stop on the up/down ramp even if the driver is absent. The driver shall be able to brake at his driving position. 5.1.3 Functional safety requirements of brake electronic control system The functional safety requirements of the brake electronic control system shall meet Annex A. The functional safety test report of the brake electronic control system shall meet Annex B. The functional safety description requirements of the brake electronic control system shall meet Annex C. This subclause is applicable to the braking electronic control system with functions such as anti-lock braking, regenerative braking with electric power, parking braking with electronic transmission, service braking with electric control transmission and service braking with electric power transmission. 5.2 Characteristics of braking system 5.2.1 The whole braking system of the vehicle shall meet the requirements of the vehicle for service braking system, emergency braking system and parking braking system. 5.2.2 If the components of service brake system, emergency braking system and parking braking system are shared, the following conditions shall be met. a) At least two control devices which are independent of each other and easy for the driver to operate at his driving position are provided. All control devices shall be returned when the brake is released (this requirement does not apply to the parking braking control device that is mechanically locked at the braking position). b) The control device of the service brake system and the control device of the parking brake system shall be independent of each other.

乘用車制動系統技術要求及試驗方法 1范圍 本文件規定了乘用車制動系統的結構和功能要求、試驗和性能要求及同一型式判定要求，描述了相應的試驗方法。 本文件適用于GB/T 15089規定的M1類車輛。 2規范性引用文件 下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB 4094汽車操縱件、指示器及信號裝置的標志 GB/T 5345道路車輛 石油基或非石油基制動液容器的標識 GB/T 5620道路車輛 汽車和掛車制動名詞術語及其定義 GB 12981機動車輛制動液 GB/T 15089機動車輛及掛車分類 GB/T 34590(所有部分)道路車輛 功能安全 GB 34660道路車輛 電磁兼容性要求和試驗方法 3術語和定義 GB/T 5620和GB/T 34590.1界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。 3.1 制動裝備 braking equipment 裝備在車輛上的所有制動系統。 3.2 制動系統 braking system 由控制裝置、傳輸裝置和制動器組成，使行駛車輛逐步減速或停車，或使已經停駛的車輛保持靜止狀態的零部件組合。 3.3 控制裝置 control device 由駕駛人直接操縱向傳輸裝置提供制動或控制所需能量的部件。 注：這些能量包括駕駛人的體力、來自駕駛人控制的其他能源或不同能量的組合。 3.4 傳輸裝置 transmission device 處于控制裝置和制動器之間并使兩者實現功能連接的零部件組合。 注1：傳輸裝置分為機械式、液壓式、氣壓式、電力式或混合式。 注2：制動力由駕駛人體力以外的能源提供或助力時，儲能器視為傳輸裝置的一部分。 注3：傳輸裝置具有兩種獨立的功能：控制傳輸和能量傳輸。本文件單獨使用“傳輸”一詞時，同時具有“控制傳輸”和“能量傳輸”兩種含義。 3.4.1 控制傳輸裝置 control transmission device 傳輸裝置中控制制動器工作的零部件組合，具有控制功能和所需的儲能器。 3.4.2 能量傳輸裝置 energy transmission device 向制動器提供其功能所需能量的零部件組合，包括制動器工作所需的儲能器。 3.5 制動器 brake 產生與車輛運動趨勢相反的力的部件。 注：包括摩擦式制動器(制動力由車輛中具有相對運動的兩個部件摩擦產生)、電力制動器(制動力由車輛中具有相對運動但不互相接觸的兩個部件間的電磁作用產生)、液力制動器(制動力由位于車輛的兩個部件間、具有相對運動的液體產生)和發動機緩速器(人為增加發動機制動作用，并將力傳遞到車輪上)。 3.6 制動系統的零部件 component of braking system 可組裝構成制動系統的單個零部件。 3.7 漸進/可調節制動 graduated/modulatable braking 制動作用期間，駕駛人可在正常操縱范圍內隨時操縱控制裝置，以足夠的精度調整制動力大小，使制動力隨操縱幅度的大小而增加或減少(單調函數)的制動過程。 3.8 軸荷分配 distribution of mass among the axles 車輛及其裝載質量的重力作用在車軸間的分配。 3.9 輪/軸荷 wheel/axle load 在接觸區域內、路面對某車軸的一個/全部車輪的垂直靜態反力。 3.10 儲能式液壓制動系統 hydraulic braking system with stored energy 由存儲在儲能器中的壓力液體供能的制動裝備。 注：壓力液體由裝有限壓裝置的液壓泵供給，限壓值由制造商規定。 3.11 促動 actuation 控制裝置的作用和釋放。 3.12 電力再生式制動系統 electric regenerative braking system 在減速過程中將車輛動能轉化為電能的制動系統。 3.12.1 電力再生式制動控制裝置 electric regenerative braking control 調節電力再生式制動系統制動作用的裝置。 3.12.2 A 型電力再生式制動系統 electric regenerative braking system of category A 不屬于行車制動系統的電力再生式制動系統。 3.12.3 B 型電力再生式制動系統 electric regenerative braking system of category B 屬于行車制動系統的電力再生式制動系統。 3.13 動力蓄電池 traction battery；propulsion battery 為電動汽車動力系統提供能量的蓄電池。 [來源：GB/T 19596—2017，3.3.1.1.1.1] 3.14 荷電狀態 state-of-charge；SOC 蓄電裝置(如蓄電池、超級電容等)中當前可以釋放的容量占可用容量的百分比。 3.15 相位制動 phased braking 兩個或兩個以上的制動源采用同一個控制裝置，通過延后其他制動源來給予某個制動源以優先權，使其在其他制動源工作之前加強必要的控制動作。 3.16 自動控制制動 automatically commanded braking 電子控制系統根據車輛信息自動評價的結果，自動操縱制動系統或某車軸的制動器進行制動，使車輛減速的功能。 3.17 選擇制動 selective braking 電子控制系統以自動方式對單個制動器進行制動，通過減速對車輛狀態進行調整的功能。 3.18 標稱值 nominal value 給各車輛制動系統的輸入-輸出傳遞函數分別賦值所得到的基準制動性能，用來表征車輛自身所能產生的制動強度與制動輸入變量水平之間的關系。 注：“標稱值”被定義為表示車輛自身制動強度與制動輸入變量之間關系的特性參數。 3.19 制動信號 braking signal 指示制動觸發的邏輯信號。 3.20 緊急制動信號 emergency braking signal 指示緊急制動觸發的邏輯信號。 3.21 車輪抱死 wheel locking 在車速大于15km/h 時，車輪的轉速為0r/min 或車輪的滑移率為100% 的持續時間大于或等于100ms(對在低附著系數路面上進行的ABS 試驗，該時間為500ms)的狀態。 3.22 橫擺角 yaw angle 車輛停止行駛時的中心線與行駛基準線所構成的夾角。 3.23 防抱制動系統 anti-lock braking system；ABS 制動過程中，能自動控制車輛的一個或幾個車輪在其旋轉方向上的滑移程度的系統。 3.24 傳感器 sensor 用于識別車輛的運動狀態或車輪的旋轉狀態，并將這些信息傳遞給控制器的零部件。 3.25 控制器 controller 用于處理傳感器提供的信息，并發出指令給調節器的零部件。 3.26 調節器 modulator 用于按收到的控制器指令調節制動力的零部件。 3.27 直接控制車輪1)directly controlled wheel 根據車輛自身車輪傳感器提供的數據調節其制動力的車輪。 3.28 間接控制車輪1)indirectly controlled wheel 根據其他車輪的傳感器提供的數據來調節制動力的車輪。 1)高選控制的防抱制動系統可認為包括直接控制車輪和間接控制車輪。低選控制的防抱制動系統，其所有裝備傳感器的車輪均視為直接控制車輪。 3.29 全循環 full cycling 防抱制動系統反復調節制動力以防止直接控制車輪抱死的方式。 注：在制動至停車過程中只進行一次調節的不符合該定義。 3.30 電子控制系統 electronic control system 通過電子數據處理方式協同實現車輛控制功能的一系列單元的組合。 注：該系統通常通過軟件控制，由傳感器、控制器和執行器等獨立的功能組件構成，并通過傳輸鏈相連接。該系統包括機械、電子-氣壓及電子-液壓等單元。 3.31 單元 unit 系統組件的最小劃分，可組合構成可識別、分析或更換的單獨實體。 3.32 傳輸鏈 transmission links 為了傳輸信號、運行數據或能量供給而用于連接內部單元的方式。 注：通常是電子的，或是機械、氣壓、液壓或光學的。 3.33 有效工作范圍 boundary of functional operation 系統能保持控制的外部物理界限的范圍。 3.34 能量源 energy source 產生和提供制動系統所需能量的裝置。 3.35 蓄電裝置 electrical storage device 能夠儲存電能并向制動系統的傳輸裝置提供電能的裝置或裝置的組合。 注：為單個制動回路提供能量而串聯和/或并聯的多個蓄電裝置視為一個蓄電裝置。 3.36 供電裝置 electrical supply 為制動系統的蓄電裝置提供電能的裝置。 示例：電池、可充電儲能系統(REESS)、發電機、燃料電池等或這些零部件的組合。 3.37 蓄電狀態 state of an electrical storage device 當前蓄電裝置提供功率(W)和電量(Wh)的能力。 3.38 蓄電性能 performance of an electrical storage device 蓄電裝置在完全充電時提供功率(W)和電量(Wh)的能力。 3.39 電力傳輸制動系統 electrical transmission braking system；ETBS 行車制動力及其傳輸僅由駕駛人控制的蓄電裝置提供電能的制動系統。 3.40 制動需求值 brake demand value 采用電力促動以產生制動力的單個車輪或單根車軸制動的需求值。 3.41 老化效應 effect of ageing 因時間、使用和環境等因素導致的蓄電性能的不可逆衰減。 3.42 能量管理系統 energy management system 監測影響蓄電性能和蓄電狀態的關鍵變量(例如電壓、溫度、內阻、老化效應、荷電狀態、功耗、充電循環等)，并推斷蓄電裝置的實際能力是否滿足設計要求的系統。 注：能量管理系統不必是ETBS 的一部分，但被ETBS 使用。 4符號和縮略語 4.1符號 下列符號適用于本文件。 areduced：減速度需求值減少后的值。 aref：減速度需求值。 B：制動力。 BEF：制動效能因數。 dm：充分發出的平均減速度。 dM：乘用車在動力脫開的O型試驗中充分發出的平均減速度的最大值。 dM+R：計算得出的乘用車掛接無制動掛車時充分發出的平均減速度。 Dw：輪缸內徑與活塞直徑的比值。 Δd：全新制動襯片的厚度(最大制動襯片厚度)減去完全磨損的制動襯片的厚度(制造商聲明的最小制動襯片厚度)的值。 Δt：制動循環周期，從一次制動開始到下一次制動開始所經歷的時間。 E：軸距。 ε：附著系數利用率，即防抱制動系統工作時最大制動強度和理論附著系數的商。 εH：在高附著系數路面上的ε值。 εL：在低附著系數路面上的ε值。