Helmets for firemen
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification and models, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules as well as marking, packaging, transportation and storage of helmets for firemen.
This standard is applicable to helmets for firemen during firefighting and rescue.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 191 Packaging — Pictorial marking for handling of goods
GB 811-2010 Helmets for motorcyclists
GB/T 2410-2008 Determination of the luminous transmittance and haze of transparent plastics
GB/T 4744 Textiles — Testing and evaluation for water resistance — Hydrostatic pressure method
GB/T 5455 Textiles — Burning behaviour — Determination of damaged length, afterglow time and afterflame time of vertically oriented specimens
GB/T 9969 General principles for preparation of instructions for use of industrial products
GB/T 10000-1988 Human dimensions of Chinese adults
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
helmet for firemen
protective helmet worn by firemen to protect their heads during firefighting and rescue
3.2
shell
outer shell of the helmet for firemen
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3.3
buffer layer
adaptive padding between suspension and the inner surface of shell, which can absorb impact
3.4
suspension
liner or gasket inside the helmet for firemen, which touches the top of a fireman's head
3.5
hoop
adjustable hoop inside the helmet for firemen for fixing, binding the head circumference
3.6
chin strap
adjustable strap tied to the chin so that a fireman can secure the helmet on his head
3.7
comfort pad
material padded inside the helmet for firemen to ensure comfortable wearing
3.8
retention system
complete set of devices to ensure that a fireman can secure the helmet on his head, which consists of the suspension, hoop, chin strap, etc.
3.9
face shield
telescopic protective face cover installed inside the shell or reversible protective face cover installed outside the shell
3.10
evening cape
protective layer installed at the lower edge of the helmet for firemen to protect their necks and ears from water and other liquids or radiant heat
3.11
accessory
devices attached to the helmet for firemen, including lighting device, intercom device, infrared detection device, camera, warning sign, etc.
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3.12
basic plane
plane formed from the centers of a man's left and right outer earholes to the lower edge point of the right eye socket
Note: See Figure 1 for the basic plane.
3.13
reference plane
parallel plane at a certain distance from and above the basic plane
Note: See Figure 1 for the reference plane.
4 Classification and model
4.1 Classification
Helmets for firemen may be classified into full-face helmets and half-face helmets depending on structures and shapes.
4.2 Model
The helmet model shall be prepared according to the requirements as follows:
Example:
FTK-Q/A stands for full-face helmet for firemen, and its enterprise modification code is A.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Materials and construction
5.1.1 Composition
Helmet for firemen (hereinafter referred to as "helmet") shall be composed of shell, buffer layer, comfort pad, retention system, face shield, evening cape, etc. Accessories may be installed as required.
5.1.2 Shell
The material and structure of shell shall meet the following requirements:
a) It shall be made of tough materials with flame retardancy, waterproof, insulation, heat resistance, cold resistance, impact resistance and heat radiation resistance;
b) The top of the shell may be made into a reinforced structure with or without ribs;
c) The inner surface of the shell shall be free of protrusions and sharp objects exceeding 2 mm in height and having a width of less than 2 mm;
d) The outer surface of the shell shall not have external protrusions with a height exceeding 5 mm, but shall not include the face shield turned over outside the shell, the hoop adjustment device and the accessories installed on the outside of the helmet.
5.1.3 Buffer layer
The buffer layer shall meet the following technical requirements:
a) It shall be made of materials that can absorb impact energy and are non-toxic and non-irritating to human body;
b) Shape, specification and dimension fit so that no displacement occurs when wearing;
c) Uniform thickness, covering the minimum protection range of the helmet.
5.1.4 Comfort pad
The materials and construction of comfort pad shall meet the following requirements:
a) It shall be made of materials that are comfortable, sweat absorbing, breathable, non-toxic and non-irritating to human body;
b) The comfort of wearing helmet shall be guaranteed.
5.1.5 Retention system
The material and structure of the retention system shall meet the following requirements:
a) The hoop, suspension and chin strap shall be made of materials that are comfortable, non-toxic and non-irritating to human body;
b) The width of the chin strap shall not be less than 20 mm;
c) The length of chin strap shall be adjusted flexibly and conveniently to ensure that wearing helmets is firm and comfortable, and it is convenient to release;
d) The hoop size shall be flexibly and conveniently adjusted within the range of 525 mm ~ 597 mm of the head circumference;
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification and model
5 Technical requirements
6 Test methods
7 Test rules
8 Marking, product specification, packaging, transportation and storage
1 范圍
本標準規定了消防頭盔的術語和定義、分類和型號、技術要求、試驗方法、檢驗規則、標志、包裝、運輸和貯存。
本標準適用于消防員在滅火救援時佩戴的消防頭盔。
2 規范性引用文件
下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 191 包裝儲運圖示標志
GB 811—2010 摩托車乘員頭盔
GB/T 2410—2008 透明塑料透光率和霧度的測定
GB/T 4744 紡織品 防水性能的檢測和評價 靜水壓法
GB/T 5455 紡織品 燃燒性能 垂直方向 損毀長度、陰燃和續燃時間的測定
GB/T 9969 工業產品使用說明書 總則
GB/T 10000—1988 中國成年人人體尺寸
3 術語和定義
下列術語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
消防頭盔 helmet for firemen
消防員在滅火救援時戴在頭上用于保護頭部安全的盔形防護裝具。
3.2
帽殼 shell
消防頭盔的外殼。
3.3
緩沖層 buffer layer
位于帽托和帽殼內表面間吸收沖擊能力的適體墊層。
3.4
帽托 suspension
消防頭盔內與頭頂部接觸的襯帶或襯墊。
3.5
帽箍 hoop
消防頭盔內系箍在頭圍部分起固定作用的可調節的箍。
3.6
下頦帶 chin strap
系在下頦上，將消防頭盔牢固戴在頭上的可調節的帶子。
3.7
舒適襯墊 comfort pad
消防頭盔內保證頭部佩戴舒適的襯墊。
3.8
佩戴裝置 retention system
保證消防頭盔牢固地佩戴于頭部的整套裝置，由帽托、帽箍和下頦帶等組成。
3.9
面罩 face shield
安裝在帽殼內可伸縮的或帽殼外可翻轉的面部防護罩。
3.10
披肩 evening cape
安裝在消防頭盔下緣，用以保護消防員頸部和耳部免受水及其他液體或輻射熱侵害的防護層。
3.11
附件 accessory
附加于消防頭盔上的裝置，包括照明裝置、對講裝置、紅外探測裝置、攝像裝置、警示標志等。
3.12
基礎平面 basic plane
由人的左右外耳孔中心和右眼眶下緣點組成的一個平面。
注：基礎平面參見圖1。
3.13
參考平面 reference plane
在基礎平面之上，并與基礎平面保持一定距離的一個平行平面。
注：參考平面參見圖1。
4 分類和型號
4.1 分類
消防頭盔按結構和形狀可分為全盔式頭盔和半盔式頭盔兩種。
4.2 型號
頭盔的型號編制方法應符合下列規定：
企業改型代號：A、B、……
頭盔分類代號(Q為全盔式，B為半盔式)
消防頭盔
消防員防護裝備
示例：
FTK-Q/A表示全盔式消防頭盔，企業改型代號為A。
5 技術要求
5.1 材料和結構
5.1.1 組成
消防頭盔(以下簡稱頭盔)應由帽殼、緩沖層、舒適襯墊、佩戴裝置、面罩、披肩等組成，根據需要可安裝附件。
5.1.2 帽殼
帽殼材料和結構應符合以下要求：
a) 采用質地堅韌，具有阻燃、防水、絕緣、耐熱、耐寒、耐沖擊、耐熱輻射性能的材料制成；
b) 帽頂可制成無筋或有筋的加強結構；
c) 帽殼內表面不應有高度超出2mm且寬度小于2mm的突出物及尖銳物體；
d) 帽殼外表面不應有高度超過5mm的外部突出物，但不包括帽殼外翻轉的面罩、帽箍調節裝置和安裝在頭盔外部的附件。
5.1.3 緩沖層
緩沖層材料和結構應符合以下要求：
a) 采用能吸收沖擊能量，對人體無毒、無刺激性的材料制成；
b) 形狀、規格尺寸適體，佩戴不移位；
c) 厚度均勻并覆蓋頭盔最小保護范圍。
5.1.4 舒適襯墊
舒適襯墊材料和結構應符合以下要求：
a) 使用體感舒適、吸汗、透氣、對人體無毒，無刺激性的材料制成；
b) 保證頭盔佩戴的舒適性。
5.1.5 佩戴裝置
佩戴裝置材料和結構應符合以下要求：
a) 帽箍、帽托和下頦帶應采用體感舒適，對人體無毒、無刺激性的材料制成；
b) 下頦帶的寬度不應小于20mm；
c) 下頦帶應能靈活方便地調節長短，保證佩戴頭盔牢靠舒適，解脫方便；
d) 帽箍應能在525mm～597mm的頭圍尺寸范圍內靈活方便地調節大小；
e) 帽箍對應前額的區域應有吸汗性織物或增加吸汗帶，吸汗帶寬度不應小于帽箍的寬度；
f) 在施加負載的情況下，能用一只手解開佩戴裝置。
5.1.6 面罩
面罩材料和結構應符合以下要求：
a) 采用透光、耐沖擊、耐熱和耐刮擦的材料制成；
b) 無色透明或淺色透明；
c) 面罩伸縮或翻轉應靈活，開合過程應能隨意保持定位。
5.1.7 披肩
披肩材料和結構應符合以下要求：
a) 披肩為裝卸式，采用具有阻燃、耐熱和防水性能的纖維織物制成；
b) 披肩的縫制線路應順直、整齊、平服、牢固、松緊適宜，明暗線每3cm不應小于12針，包縫線每3cm不應小于9針；
c) 披肩脫卸應方便簡捷。
5.1.8 保護范圍
頭盔保護范圍見圖1，其中全盔式頭盔的保護范圍為圖1中ACDEF線以上的部分，半盔式頭盔的保護范圍為圖1中A—A′線以上的部分。頭盔保護范圍的尺寸見表1。
