Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. Issuance organization of this standard shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of China Elevator Association.
Introduction
As the core safety component of lifts, the brake plays an important role in the safety, reliability and comfort of lifts. This standard is formulated in view of improving safe operation of lifts, preventing lift accidents resulting from any malfunction of brake, and standardizing the requirements for design, manufacture, installation, commissioning, repair, maintenance and replacement of the electromagnetic brake of lifts.
Electromagnetic brake of lifts
1 Scope
This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage, as well as other requirements of electromagnetic brake (friction type) for passenger and freight lift machine.
This standard is applicable to electromagnetic brake (friction type) of traction passenger and freight lifts with rated speed no more than 8 m/s and of positive drive passenger and freight lifts with rated speed no more than 0.63 m/s.
This standard is not applicable to hydraulic brakes and other types of brakes.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 191-2008 Packaging—Pictorial marking for handling of goods
GB 4706.1-2005 Household and similar electrical appliances—Safety—Part 1: General requirements
GB 7588 Safety rules for the construction and installation of electric lifts
GB/T 24478-2009 Traction machine of electric lifts
GB/T 26665-2011 Brake vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 26665 apply.
3.1
electromagnetic brake
electromechanical brake with electromagnetic force to eliminate the brake function
3.2
drum brake
brake that uses the cylindrical surface of the component to be braked as the braking surface (braking friction surface)
3.3
lever drum brake
drum brake in which the force of a braking element (a compression spring with guide or a heavy weight) is amplified by lever action and then applied to the braking surface
3.4
direct pressure drum brake
drum brake in which the force of a braking element is directly applied to the braking surface
3.5
disc brake
brake that uses the end surface of the component to be braked as the braking surface
3.6
caliper disc brake
disc brake in which the force of a braking element is applied to the braking surface in a clamping manner, with the friction material (brake lining or friction lining) covering a part of the braking surface only
3.7
shaft full disc brake
disc brake in which the force of a braking element is applied to the braking surface in an axial pushing manner, with the friction material covering the whole braking surface
3.8
electromagnet
electromagnet generally comprising an iron core without electromagnetic coils (also called armature, plunger, etc.), coils (also called electromagnetic coils, excitation coils, etc.) and an iron core with electromagnetic coils (also called magnetic coil core, electromagnet core, coil holder, armature, etc.), in which, when energized, the electromagnetic coils is used for excitation, while the iron core and magnetic coil core act as magnetic conductors, between which electromagnetic force is generated, making them move relatively when the brake is powered on or off
3.9
moving iron core
electromagnet core and/or magnetic coil core which moves when the brake is powered on or off
3.10
pick up
process in which the electromagnetic force generated when the brake is energized enables the moving iron core to move against the force of a braking element, until the braking torque is down to zero
3.11
minimum picking up current
minimum current for picking up action of the brake
3.12
minimum picking up voltage
minimum voltage for picking up action of the brake
3.13
picking up response time
time required from the brake being energized until picking up in place
3.14
release
process in which the electromagnetic force is attenuate and the moving iron core moves under the force of a braking element to generate braking torque after the brake is powered off
3.15
maximum release current
maximum current for release action of the brake
3.16
maximum release voltage
maximum voltage for release action of the brake
3.17
release response time
time required from the brake being de-energized until the braking torque reaching the rated value
3.18
rated picking up current
stable current continuously input to enable the brake to complete the picking up action
3.19
rated picking up voltage
stable voltage continuously input to enable the brake to complete the picking up action
3.20
rated holding current
stable current continuously input to enable the brake to maintain the picking up status
3.21
rated holding voltage
stable voltage continuously input to enable the brake to maintain the picking up status
3.22
magnetic gap
gap between electromagnet core and magnetic coil core in the case of brake power off
3.23
friction lining gap
gap between friction lining (brake lining) and braking surface after picking up of brake
3.24
action stroke
total displacement of moving iron core during picking up or releasing of the brake
3.25
static braking torque
torque required to enable the stationary braking surface while the brake is in a braking state
3.26
dynamic braking torque
torque required to enable the braking surface to rotate at a uniform speed or from the rated speed to zero while the brake is in a braking state
4 Technical requirements
The electromagnetic brake of the lift machine shall comply with the following requirements.
4.1 Operating conditions
a) The altitude shall be 1 000 m at most. If it is more than 1 000 m, it shall be corrected in accordance with GB/T 24478-2009.
b) The ambient temperature shall be maintained at +5°C to +40°C.
c) Humidity: the relative air humidity at the operating site shall not exceed 50% at a maximum temperature of +40°C; a high relative humidity is allowed at a low temperature, but in the wettest month, the monthly average minimum temperature shall not exceed +25°C, and the monthly average maximum relative humidity shall not exceed 90%. If condensation may occur on the equipment, corresponding measures shall be taken.
d) Air: the ambient air shall not contain any corrosive and flammable gases.
The manufacturer shall negotiate with the user for operating conditions beyond the aforementioned range.
4.2 Performance requirements
4.2.1 General
The electromagnetic brake of the lift machine shall comply with the following requirements.
a) The pressure of the braking surface (braking friction surface) shall be applied by a compression spring with guide or a heavy weight.
b) The brake is valid in the case of power loss.
c) The brake shall be kept in a pick-up state only when it is continuously energized, except when emergency operation allows.
d) When emergency operation allows, the brake of lift machine shall be picked up by means of continuous manual operation. Such operation can be realized by machinery (e.g., a lever) or electrical devices powered by emergency power supply.
e) The withstand voltage test of the brake coils shall meet the requirement that the conductive part shall apply an AC voltage of not less than 1 000 V to the ground for 1 min without breakdown.
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Technical requirements
5 Test methods
6 Inspection rules
7 Nameplate
8 Warning and marking
9 Packaging and transportation
10 Storage
11 Maintenance and adjustment
ICS 91.140.90
Q 78
中國(guó)電梯協(xié)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
T/CEA 021—2019
電梯電磁式制動(dòng)器
Electromagnetic brake of lifts
2019-06-12 發(fā)布2020-01-01 實(shí)施
中國(guó)電梯協(xié)會(huì) 發(fā)布
前 言
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按GB/T 1.1-2009給出的規(guī)則起草。
請(qǐng)注意本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利,本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別這些專利的責(zé)任。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由中國(guó)電梯協(xié)會(huì)提出并歸口。
引 言
制動(dòng)器作為電梯的核心安全部件,對(duì)電梯的安全性、可靠性以及舒適性起著重要作用。為了改善電梯安全運(yùn)行,預(yù)防由于制動(dòng)器問題導(dǎo)致的電梯事故,規(guī)范電梯電磁式制動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)、制造、安裝、調(diào)試、維護(hù)、保養(yǎng)、更換等要求,制訂本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
電梯電磁式制動(dòng)器
1 范圍
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了乘客和載貨電梯驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)的電磁式制動(dòng)器(摩擦型)的技術(shù)要求、試驗(yàn)方法、檢驗(yàn)規(guī)則、標(biāo)志、包裝、運(yùn)輸及貯存等要求。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于額定速度不大于8 m/s曳引式和額定速度不大于0.63 m/s強(qiáng)制式乘客和載貨電梯的電磁式制動(dòng)器(摩擦型)。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不適用于液壓式制動(dòng)器等其他類型的制動(dòng)器。
2 規(guī)范性引用文件
下列文件對(duì)于本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,僅所注日期的版本適用于本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
GB/T 191―2008 包裝儲(chǔ)運(yùn)圖示標(biāo)志
GB 4706.1―2005 家用和類似用途電器的安全 第1部分:通用要求
GB 7588 電梯制造與安裝安全規(guī)范
GB/T 24478―2009 電梯曳引機(jī)
GB/T 26665―2011 制動(dòng)器術(shù)語
3 術(shù)語和定義
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)采用GB/T 26665中的術(shù)語及下列定義。
3.1
電磁式制動(dòng)器electromagnetic brake
借助電磁力的作用,消除制動(dòng)功能的機(jī)電式制動(dòng)器。
3.2
鼓式制動(dòng)器 drum brake
以被制動(dòng)部件的圓柱面作為制動(dòng)面(制動(dòng)摩擦面)的制動(dòng)器。
3.3
杠桿式鼓式制動(dòng)器lever drum brake
制動(dòng)元件(帶導(dǎo)向的壓縮彈簧或重砣)的作用力通過杠桿作用放大后施加在制動(dòng)面的鼓式制動(dòng)器。
3.4
直壓式鼓式制動(dòng)器direct pressure drum brake
制動(dòng)元件的作用力直接施加在制動(dòng)面的鼓式制動(dòng)器。
3.5
盤式制動(dòng)器disc brake
以被制動(dòng)部件的端面作為制動(dòng)面的制動(dòng)器。
3.6
鉗盤式制動(dòng)器caliper disc brake
摩擦材料(制動(dòng)襯、摩擦片)僅能覆蓋制動(dòng)面的一部分,且制動(dòng)元件的作用力以鉗夾的方式施加在制動(dòng)面的盤式制動(dòng)器。
3.7
軸向全盤式制動(dòng)器 shaft full disc brake
摩擦材料全部覆蓋制動(dòng)面,且制動(dòng)元件的作用力以軸向推壓的方式施加在制動(dòng)面的盤式制動(dòng)器。
3.8
電磁鐵 electromagnet
電磁鐵一般由不帶電磁線圈的鐵芯(也稱銜鐵、柱塞等)、線圈(也稱電磁線圈、激磁線圈等)、安放電磁線圈的鐵芯(也稱線圈鐵芯、電磁鐵芯、線圈座、電樞等)構(gòu)成。通電時(shí)電磁線圈起激磁作用,鐵芯和線圈鐵芯起導(dǎo)磁作用。在鐵芯和線圈鐵芯之間產(chǎn)生電磁力,制動(dòng)器通斷電時(shí),鐵芯與線圈鐵芯存在相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。
3.9
動(dòng)鐵芯moving iron core
制動(dòng)器通斷電時(shí),產(chǎn)生運(yùn)動(dòng)的電磁鐵的鐵芯和/或線圈鐵芯。
3.10
提起 pick up
制動(dòng)器通電后,產(chǎn)生的電磁力吸引動(dòng)鐵芯克服制動(dòng)元件的作用力而產(chǎn)生運(yùn)動(dòng),制動(dòng)力矩減少至零。
3.11
最小提起電流minimum picking up current
制動(dòng)器產(chǎn)生提起動(dòng)作的最小電流。
3.12
最低提起電壓 minimum picking up voltage
制動(dòng)器產(chǎn)生提起動(dòng)作的最低電壓。
3.13
提起響應(yīng)時(shí)間 picking up response time
制動(dòng)器得電到提起到位的時(shí)間。
3.14
釋放 release
制動(dòng)器斷電后,電磁力消退,在制動(dòng)元件的作用力下動(dòng)鐵芯產(chǎn)生運(yùn)動(dòng),產(chǎn)生制動(dòng)力矩。
3.15
最大釋放電流 maximum release current
制動(dòng)器產(chǎn)生釋放動(dòng)作的最大電流。
3.16
最高釋放電壓 maximum release voltage
制動(dòng)器產(chǎn)生釋放動(dòng)作的最高電壓。
3.17
制動(dòng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間 release response time
制動(dòng)器斷電到制動(dòng)力矩達(dá)到額定值的時(shí)間。
3.18
額定提起電流 rated picking up current
使制動(dòng)器完成提起動(dòng)作連續(xù)輸入的穩(wěn)定電流。
3.19
額定提起電壓 rated picking up voltage
使制動(dòng)器完成提起動(dòng)作連續(xù)輸入的穩(wěn)定電壓。
3.20
額定維持電流rated holding current
使制動(dòng)器維持提起狀態(tài)連續(xù)輸入的穩(wěn)定電流。
3.21
額定維持電壓 rated holding voltage
使制動(dòng)器維持提起狀態(tài)連續(xù)輸入的穩(wěn)定電壓。
3.22
磁間隙 magnetic gap
制動(dòng)器斷電制動(dòng)時(shí),電磁鐵的鐵芯與線圈鐵芯之間的間隙。
3.23
摩擦片間隙 friction lining gap
制動(dòng)器提起后,摩擦片(制動(dòng)襯)與制動(dòng)面之間的間隙。
3.24
動(dòng)作行程 action stroke
制動(dòng)器在提起動(dòng)作或者釋放動(dòng)作的過程中,動(dòng)鐵芯動(dòng)作的總位移。
3.25
靜態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩 static braking torque
使制動(dòng)器處于制動(dòng)狀態(tài),將制動(dòng)面從靜止到開始轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)需要的力矩。
3.26
動(dòng)態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩 dynamic braking torque
使制動(dòng)器處于制動(dòng)狀態(tài),將制動(dòng)面進(jìn)行勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)或從額定轉(zhuǎn)速至零需要的力矩。
4 技術(shù)要求
電梯驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)的電磁式制動(dòng)器應(yīng)符合下列要求:
4.1 工作條件
a) 海拔高度不超過 1 000m。如果海拔高度超過1 000m, 則應(yīng)按GB/T 24478-2009 有關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行修正;
b) 環(huán)境溫度應(yīng)保持在+5℃~+40℃;
c) 濕度:運(yùn)行地點(diǎn)的空氣相對(duì)濕度在最高溫度為+40℃時(shí)不應(yīng)超過50%,在較低溫度下可有較高的相對(duì)濕度,最濕月的月平均最低溫度不應(yīng)超過+25℃,該月的月平均最大相對(duì)濕度不應(yīng)超過90%。若可能在設(shè)備上產(chǎn)生凝露,則應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)措施;
d) 空氣:環(huán)境空氣中不應(yīng)含有腐蝕性和易燃性氣體。
如果工作條件超過上述范圍,制造廠家應(yīng)與用戶商定。
4.2 性能要求
4.2.1 一般要求
電梯驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)的電磁式制動(dòng)器應(yīng)符合下列要求:
a) 制動(dòng)面(制動(dòng)摩擦面)的壓力應(yīng)由帶導(dǎo)向的壓縮彈簧或重砣施加;
b) 制動(dòng)器失電時(shí)能進(jìn)行制動(dòng)動(dòng)作;
c) 除緊急操作允許的情況外,制動(dòng)器應(yīng)在持續(xù)通電下才能保持松開狀態(tài);
d) 緊急操作允許的情況時(shí),應(yīng)能采用持續(xù)手動(dòng)操作的方法松開驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)制動(dòng)器。該操作可通過機(jī)械(如杠桿)或由應(yīng)急電源供電的電氣裝置進(jìn)行;
e) 制動(dòng)器線圈耐壓試驗(yàn)滿足如下要求:導(dǎo)電部分對(duì)地間施以不低于1 000V 交流電壓,歷時(shí)1min,不應(yīng)出現(xiàn)擊穿現(xiàn)象。
4.2.2 制動(dòng)器的制動(dòng)要求
a) 制動(dòng)器的制動(dòng)力矩和部件分組設(shè)置,應(yīng)符合 GB 7588 對(duì)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的要求及國(guó)家有關(guān)安全技術(shù)規(guī)范的要求,由制造廠家與用戶進(jìn)行商定;
b) 制動(dòng)力矩的額定值應(yīng)滿足上述要求,并且是制動(dòng)器的靜態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩和動(dòng)態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩必須達(dá)到的最小數(shù)值。制動(dòng)力矩的額定值公差范圍是0~+60%,或與用戶商定;
c) 制動(dòng)器的制動(dòng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間不應(yīng)大于 0.5s。對(duì)于兼作轎廂上行超速保護(hù)裝置或轎廂意外移動(dòng)保護(hù)裝置制動(dòng)元件的制動(dòng)器,其響應(yīng)時(shí)間還應(yīng)根據(jù)GB 7588 中的要求與用戶商定。
4.2.3 制動(dòng)器的提起要求
制動(dòng)器的提起應(yīng)符合下列要求:
a) 在滿足 4.2.2 的情況下,對(duì)于控制電路采用電壓控制方式,制動(dòng)器的最低提起電壓應(yīng)低于額定提起電壓的80%,最高釋放電壓應(yīng)低于額定維持電壓的80%且高于額定維持電壓的20%;對(duì)于控制電路采用電流控制方式,制動(dòng)器的最小提起電流應(yīng)低于額定電流的80%,最大釋放電流應(yīng)低于額定維持電流的80%且高于額定維持電流的20%;
b) 制動(dòng)器的提起響應(yīng)時(shí)間應(yīng)不大于 1s,或與用戶商定。
4.2.4 手動(dòng)操作松開制動(dòng)器的要求
制動(dòng)器如果配置了通過機(jī)械或電氣裝置持續(xù)手動(dòng)松開制動(dòng)器的功能,則手動(dòng)操作裝置應(yīng)當(dāng)符合下列要求:
a) 松開制動(dòng)器至制動(dòng)器動(dòng)作行程任何位置,一旦停止操作,制動(dòng)器應(yīng)立即、可靠地自動(dòng)恢復(fù)制動(dòng)狀態(tài);
b) 手動(dòng)操作裝置失效,不應(yīng)當(dāng)導(dǎo)致制動(dòng)器失效或者制動(dòng)力矩下降。
4.2.5 制動(dòng)器的工作制要求
a) 制動(dòng)器的啟(制)動(dòng)次數(shù)應(yīng)不低于 120 次/小時(shí);
b) 制動(dòng)器的通電持續(xù)率即通電時(shí)間占整個(gè)工作周期時(shí)間比例應(yīng)不低于 60%,或與用戶商定;
c) 在上述啟(制)動(dòng)次數(shù)、通電持續(xù)率的運(yùn)行條件下,采用B 級(jí)或F 級(jí)絕緣時(shí),制動(dòng)器線圈溫升應(yīng)分別不超過80K 或105K。
4.2.6 制動(dòng)器的壽命要求
a) 制動(dòng)器動(dòng)作的設(shè)計(jì)壽命應(yīng)不低于 1 000 萬次;
b) 制動(dòng)器樣機(jī)應(yīng)進(jìn)行不小于 500 萬次動(dòng)作試驗(yàn),期間應(yīng)不發(fā)生任何可能產(chǎn)生危險(xiǎn)的故障,試驗(yàn)記錄應(yīng)由制動(dòng)器制造單位永久性存檔備查;
c) 制動(dòng)器的型式試驗(yàn)應(yīng)當(dāng)采用制造單位或用戶提供的制動(dòng)器控制電路進(jìn)行不小于200 萬次動(dòng)作試驗(yàn),動(dòng)作試驗(yàn)過程中不允許進(jìn)行維護(hù),試驗(yàn)結(jié)束后的性能仍然符合4.2.2 和 4.2.3 的要求。
4.2.7 制動(dòng)器的監(jiān)測(cè)裝置要求
a) 每個(gè)制動(dòng)器應(yīng)獨(dú)立配置對(duì)正確提起及釋放進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)的監(jiān)測(cè)裝置;
b) 監(jiān)測(cè)裝置的設(shè)計(jì)使用壽命應(yīng)不低于 200 萬次。
4.2.8 制動(dòng)器的噪聲要求
采用制動(dòng)器的實(shí)際控制電路,制動(dòng)器進(jìn)行正常動(dòng)作的噪聲應(yīng)符合GB/T 24478―2009中4.2.3.3的要求。
4.2.9 制動(dòng)面的要求
a) 材質(zhì):鋼或鑄鐵;
b) 表面粗糙度:推薦值 Ra 的最大值為3.2μm,或與用戶商定。
4.2.10 摩擦材料的要求
a) 材質(zhì):摩擦材料不應(yīng)含有石棉材料,摩擦材料應(yīng)是難燃的;
b) 摩擦系數(shù):在應(yīng)用的工況(溫度、面壓)下,摩擦系數(shù)宜在 0.3~0.7,或與用戶商定。
5 試驗(yàn)方法
5.1 靜態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩
靜態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩的測(cè)試,推薦采用如下的測(cè)試方法,允許采用其他等效的測(cè)試方法。
a)方法一:
制動(dòng)面處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),使被測(cè)制動(dòng)器處于制動(dòng)狀態(tài),采用力矩傳感器連接被制動(dòng)部件與動(dòng)力源,緩慢增加動(dòng)力源輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩,通過力矩傳感器記錄制動(dòng)面剛好開始轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的力矩,多次測(cè)量取最小值為靜態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩值。
b)方法二:
制動(dòng)面處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),使被測(cè)制動(dòng)器處于制動(dòng)狀態(tài),采用測(cè)量工裝(或力矩扳手)連接被制動(dòng)部件,通過在測(cè)量工裝(或力矩扳手)上施加作用力或懸吊重物的方式緩慢增加作用力矩,記錄制動(dòng)面剛好開始轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的作用力或重物質(zhì)量(或力矩)等,通過測(cè)量工裝的力臂計(jì)算(或力矩扳手直接讀取)力矩,多次測(cè)量取最小值為靜態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩值。
c)方法三,對(duì)于安裝在驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)上的制動(dòng)器,也可采用如下測(cè)試方法:
制動(dòng)面處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),使被測(cè)制動(dòng)器處于制動(dòng)狀態(tài),通過逐漸增加驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)的電流緩慢增加驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩,記錄制動(dòng)面剛好開始轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的電流,通過電流值計(jì)算出輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩,多次測(cè)量取最小值為靜態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩值。
5.2 動(dòng)態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩
動(dòng)態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩的測(cè)試,推薦采用如下的測(cè)試方法,允許采用其他等效的測(cè)試方法。
a)方法一:
采用力矩傳感器連接被制動(dòng)部件與動(dòng)力源,動(dòng)力源帶動(dòng)被制動(dòng)部件(制動(dòng)面)進(jìn)行勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),使被測(cè)制動(dòng)器制動(dòng),控制動(dòng)力源使制動(dòng)面保持原有轉(zhuǎn)速繼續(xù)勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),通過力矩傳感器記錄制動(dòng)面繼續(xù)勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)過程的力矩,取穩(wěn)定力矩的平均值為動(dòng)態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩值。
b)方法二:
采用力矩傳感器連接被制動(dòng)部件與動(dòng)力源、較大轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量的輪盤(例如飛輪),動(dòng)力源帶動(dòng)被制動(dòng)部件(制動(dòng)面)、輪盤達(dá)到目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)速后,切斷動(dòng)力源的輸出,使被測(cè)制動(dòng)器制動(dòng),制動(dòng)面從目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)速減速至零,通過力矩傳感器記錄制動(dòng)面從目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)速減速至零過程的力矩,取穩(wěn)定力矩的平均值為動(dòng)態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩值。
c)方法三,對(duì)于安裝在驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)上的制動(dòng)器,也可采用如下測(cè)試方法:
驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)帶動(dòng)被制動(dòng)部件(制動(dòng)面)進(jìn)行勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),使被測(cè)制動(dòng)器制動(dòng),通過控制驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)的電流,使制動(dòng)面保持原有轉(zhuǎn)速繼續(xù)勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),記錄制動(dòng)面繼續(xù)勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)過程的電流,取穩(wěn)定電流的平均值計(jì)算出輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩為動(dòng)態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩值。
5.3 溫升
電阻法溫升測(cè)試方法應(yīng)符合作GB 4706.1-2005中11.3的要求。
5.4 制動(dòng)器噪聲
采用制動(dòng)器實(shí)際控制回路,在提起和釋放時(shí),距制動(dòng)器1米處用檢測(cè)儀器分別在前、后、左、右、上5個(gè)方位測(cè)量,各點(diǎn)至少取3次取算術(shù)平均值。
注:在噪聲測(cè)試前需明確測(cè)試設(shè)備采用的模式:快速模式或脈沖模式。
5.5 最小提起電流和最大釋放電流
對(duì)于電流控制方式,測(cè)量最小提起電流和最大釋放電流。
5.6 最低提起電壓和最高釋放電壓測(cè)試方法
對(duì)于電壓控制方式,測(cè)量最低提起電壓和最高釋放電壓,應(yīng)在制動(dòng)器溫升試驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí)測(cè)量。
5.7 提起響應(yīng)時(shí)間
采用制動(dòng)器的實(shí)際控制電路,給制動(dòng)器線圈供電,記錄線圈得電信號(hào)和制動(dòng)器提起到位信號(hào),以制動(dòng)器線圈得電到制動(dòng)器提起到位的時(shí)間差作為制動(dòng)器提起響應(yīng)時(shí)間。
5.8 制動(dòng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間
采用制動(dòng)器的實(shí)際控制電路,以緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)的制動(dòng)器線圈斷電方式,切斷制動(dòng)器電源,以制動(dòng)器線圈斷電到制動(dòng)器的制動(dòng)力矩達(dá)到額定值的時(shí)間差作為制動(dòng)器制動(dòng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間。
制動(dòng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間測(cè)試方法應(yīng)符合GB/T 24478-2009中5.8的要求。
測(cè)量對(duì)象以制動(dòng)器安裝在驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)上為例,測(cè)量?jī)x器以示波記錄儀為例,制動(dòng)器制動(dòng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間的檢測(cè)示意圖見圖1,測(cè)量?jī)x器分辨率不應(yīng)小于0.01s。
驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)
力矩傳感器
動(dòng)力源
制動(dòng)器
電信號(hào)
傳感器力矩
輸出信號(hào)
示波記錄儀
圖1 制動(dòng)器制動(dòng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間檢測(cè)示意圖
5.9 動(dòng)作試驗(yàn)要求
將制動(dòng)器組裝在試驗(yàn)機(jī)上,使試驗(yàn)機(jī)處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),然后進(jìn)行周期不小于5s的連續(xù)不間斷的制動(dòng)器動(dòng)作試驗(yàn)。
6 檢驗(yàn)規(guī)則
6.1 出廠檢驗(yàn)
每臺(tái)制動(dòng)器只有經(jīng)過檢驗(yàn)合格后才可出廠。出廠檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目應(yīng)至少包括如下內(nèi)容:
a) 外觀;
b) 線圈電阻;
c) 線圈耐電壓試驗(yàn);
d) 磁間隙或摩擦片間隙或動(dòng)作行程;
e) 最小提起電流或常溫最低提起電壓;
f) 最大釋放電流或常溫最高釋放電壓;
g) 監(jiān)測(cè)裝置的功能檢查;
h) 制動(dòng)元件的作用力(彈簧力)或制動(dòng)力矩,制動(dòng)力矩的測(cè)試推薦由驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)制造商完成。
6.2 產(chǎn)品的可追溯性
可追溯的信息應(yīng)至少包括如下內(nèi)容:
a) 產(chǎn)品名稱和型號(hào);
b) 制造單位名稱;
c) 制造日期;
d) 制動(dòng)元件的作用力(彈簧力)或制動(dòng)力矩的信息;
e) 摩擦材料的信息。
6.3 型式檢驗(yàn)
6.3.1 在下列情況之一的,應(yīng)進(jìn)行型式檢驗(yàn):
a) 新產(chǎn)品投產(chǎn)或老產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)廠生產(chǎn)時(shí);
b) 正式生產(chǎn)后,如結(jié)構(gòu)、材料、工藝有較大改變,影響產(chǎn)品性能時(shí);
c) 產(chǎn)品停產(chǎn)兩年以上恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)時(shí);
d) 出廠檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果與上次型式檢驗(yàn)有較大差異時(shí);
e) 國(guó)家法律法規(guī)有要求時(shí)。
6.3.2 型式檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目應(yīng)至少包括如下內(nèi)容:
a) 外觀;
b) 線圈電阻;
c) 線圈耐電壓試驗(yàn);
d) 制動(dòng)元件的作用力(彈簧力);
e) 磁間隙或摩擦片間隙或動(dòng)作行程;
f) 最小提起電流或最低提起電壓;
g) 最大釋放電流或最高釋放電壓;
h) 監(jiān)測(cè)裝置的功能檢查;
i) 對(duì)安裝在驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)上的制動(dòng)器進(jìn)行靜態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩和動(dòng)態(tài)制動(dòng)力矩的測(cè)試;
j) 對(duì)安裝在驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)上的制動(dòng)器線圈溫升測(cè)試;
k) 對(duì)安裝在驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)上的制動(dòng)器進(jìn)行噪聲測(cè)試;
l) 對(duì)安裝在驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)上的制動(dòng)器進(jìn)行制動(dòng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間測(cè)試;
m) 對(duì)安裝地驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)上的制動(dòng)器進(jìn)行提起響應(yīng)時(shí)間測(cè)試。
7 銘牌
制動(dòng)器銘牌的設(shè)置應(yīng)符合GB 7588及國(guó)家有關(guān)安全技術(shù)規(guī)范的要求,如設(shè)置應(yīng)至少包含以下內(nèi)容:
a) 產(chǎn)品名稱和型號(hào);
b) 銘牌設(shè)置單位名稱和地址;
c) 制造日期和產(chǎn)品編號(hào)(序列號(hào))。
銘牌其它內(nèi)容由制造廠家與用戶進(jìn)行商定,銘牌內(nèi)容可與轎廂意外移動(dòng)保護(hù)裝置、上行超速保護(hù)裝置和曳引機(jī)銘牌內(nèi)容合并。
8 警示與標(biāo)示
(a) 對(duì)裸露表面溫度超過60℃的制動(dòng)器,應(yīng)增加防止?fàn)C傷的警示標(biāo)志;
(b) 應(yīng)當(dāng)標(biāo)示判斷摩擦材料(制動(dòng)襯)是否允許繼續(xù)使用的刻度,如未標(biāo)示刻度由制造單位與用戶協(xié)商提供檢查方法。
9 包裝和運(yùn)輸
對(duì)于單獨(dú)銷售的制動(dòng)器,其包裝和運(yùn)輸應(yīng)符合以下要求:
a) 制動(dòng)器包裝應(yīng)確保制動(dòng)器在貯存和運(yùn)輸過程中能得到有效防護(hù);
b) 每臺(tái)制動(dòng)器應(yīng)附帶產(chǎn)品合格證,并裝入包裝盒內(nèi);
c) 包裝箱內(nèi)應(yīng)有裝箱單,如需要《使用維護(hù)說明書》,制造商應(yīng)提供;
d) 制動(dòng)器的包裝和運(yùn)輸應(yīng)符合 GB/T 191-2008 的規(guī)定或與客戶商定;
e) 包裝的制動(dòng)器在運(yùn)輸過程中應(yīng)小心輕放,避免碰撞和敲擊,嚴(yán)禁與酸堿等腐蝕性物質(zhì)放在一起。
10 貯存
a) 制動(dòng)器應(yīng)貯存在干燥通風(fēng)的室內(nèi),采取防雨防潮措施;
b) 持續(xù)存放時(shí)間不應(yīng)超過 12 個(gè)月,超過存放時(shí)間,應(yīng)重新檢查其完好狀況。
11 維護(hù)及調(diào)整
制動(dòng)器在電梯維護(hù)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)外觀、監(jiān)測(cè)裝置、磁間隙或摩擦片間隙或動(dòng)作行程、摩擦片等進(jìn)行檢查,但不應(yīng)對(duì)制動(dòng)器制動(dòng)力矩、磁間隙或摩擦片間隙或動(dòng)作行程、監(jiān)測(cè)裝置進(jìn)行調(diào)整,當(dāng)制動(dòng)器需調(diào)整時(shí)應(yīng)由具備專業(yè)電梯維修資質(zhì)的人員進(jìn)行操作。
推薦的制動(dòng)器日常檢查項(xiàng)目如表1所示。根據(jù)制動(dòng)器的結(jié)構(gòu)不同,檢查的內(nèi)容應(yīng)包含但不限于表1的內(nèi)容,具體以制造廠家提供的使用維護(hù)說明書的內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。
表1 制動(dòng)器日常檢查內(nèi)容
序號(hào) 日常檢查項(xiàng)目 備注
1 制動(dòng)器動(dòng)作無卡滯
2 磁間隙或摩擦片間隙或動(dòng)作行程
3 摩擦片的磨損狀況
4 監(jiān)測(cè)裝置的功能檢查
5 制動(dòng)力矩的檢查
6 重要緊固件的檢查
7 手動(dòng)操作機(jī)械裝置的檢查 如果配置有
制造廠家應(yīng)在使用維護(hù)說明書中明確制動(dòng)器維護(hù)、重新調(diào)整和檢查的內(nèi)容、周期和方法。制動(dòng)器在使用或檢查過程中,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)故障或異常情況,應(yīng)由具備專業(yè)電梯維修資質(zhì)的人員,按照使用維護(hù)說明書中規(guī)定的內(nèi)容和方法進(jìn)行維護(hù)、調(diào)整。如果遇到規(guī)定內(nèi)容以外的問題或按照維護(hù)規(guī)定無法解決的問題,應(yīng)及時(shí)聯(lián)系制造廠家進(jìn)行處理。