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This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009 Directives for standardization - Part 1: Structure and drafting of standards.
According to the requirements of GB/T 151-2014 Heat exchangers, this standard is revised based on NB/T 47006-2009 Aluminum plate-fin heat exchanger and with full reference to the contents of standards including ALPEMA 2010.
The following main changes have been made with respect to NB/T 47006-2009 Aluminum plate-fin heat exchanger:
——The design pressure range is increased from no greater than 8.0MPa to no greater than 10.0MPa;
——The requirements for cooling rate during start-up and shutdown are raised;
——The requirements and methods for helium mass spectrometer leakage testing are modified;
——The contents with regard to the structural types of common welded joints in Annex G for reference in design and manufacture;
——The maximum allowable design temperature of common aluminum materials and allowable stress of common materials in Annexes B and C respectively are added;
——Stress analysis cases of typical header structures in Annex E are added;
——Methods for dryness and air resistance test in Annexes H and I are added.
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee 262 on Boilers and Pressure Vessels of Standardization Administration of China.
The previous editions of this standard are as follows:
——JB/TQ 258-76, JB/T 7261-1994 and NB/T 47006-2009.
Aluminum plate-fin heat exchangers
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies the design, manufacture, inspection, acceptance, installation, use and maintenance requirements of aluminum plate-fin heat exchangers (hereinafter referred to as “heat exchangers”).
1.2 This standard is applicable to heat exchangers with design pressure not greater than 10.0MPa.
1.3 This standard is applicable to -269°C~200°C design temperature of heat exchangers.
1.4 This standard is applicable to heat exchangers used in air separation and liquefaction, natural gas processing and liquefaction, petrochemical engineering and mechanical power devices, etc.
1.5 The pressure elements of heat exchangers that cannot be designed and calculated by this standard can be designed according to the method specified in 4.1.6 of GB/T 150.1-2011.
1.6 Scope of heat exchangers
a) Heat exchanger body and its connection with external pipeline:
1) The groove end face of the first circumferential joint of welded connection;
2) The first flange sealing surface of flange connection;
3) The first threaded joint end face of threaded connection;
4) The first sealing surface connected with special connecting pieces or pipe fittings.
b) The connection welds between pressure elements and non-pressure elements.
c) Non-pressure elements directly connected to the heat exchangers, such as supports, lifting lugs, base plates, etc.
d) Overpressure relief devices directly installed on the heat exchangers.
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2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 150.1-2011 Pressure vessels - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 150.3 Pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
GB/T 150.4 Pressure vessels - Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance
GB/T 151-2014 Heat exchangers
GB/T 1804-2000 General tolerances - Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications
GB/T 2624.1-2006 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full - Part 1: General principles and requirements
GB/T 2624.2-2006 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full - Part 2: Orifice plates
GB/T 2624.3-2006 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full - Part 3: Nozzles and Venturi nozzles
GB/T 2624.4-2006 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full - Part 4: Venturi tubes
GB/T 3198-2010 Aluminium and aluminium alloys foils
GB/T 3880.1-2012 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy plates, sheets and strips for general engineering - Part 1: Technical conditions of delivery
GB/T 3880.2-2012 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy plates, sheets and strips for general engineering - Part 2: Mechanical properties
GB/T 3880.3-2012 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy plates, sheets and strips for general engineering - Part 3: Tolerances on forms and dimensions
GB/T 4436 Wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy tubes - Dimensions and deviations
GB/T 4437.1 Aluminium and aluminium alloy extruded tubes - Part 1 : Seamless tubes
GB/T 6892-2015 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys extruded profiles for general engineering
GB/T 6893 Aluminium and aluminium alloys cold drawn(rolled) seamless tubes
GB/T 13384 General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical product
GB/T 16474-2011 Designation system for wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy
GB/T 16475 Temper designation system for wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy (GB/T 16475-2008, ISO 2107: 2007, MOD)
NB/T 47013.2-2015 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 2: Radiographic testing
NB/T 47013.3-2015 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing
NB/T 47013.5-2015 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 5: Penetrant testing
JB/T 4734-2002 Aluminium welded vessels
YS/T 69-2012 Aluminium and aluminium alloy clad sheets for brazing
TSG 21-2016 Supervision regulation on safety technology for stationary pressure vessel
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions established in GB 151-2014 and JB/T 4734 and the following apply.
3.1
plate-fin heat exchanger
the heat exchanger consisting of accessories such as core, header, nozzle and support Figure 1 shows a plate-fin heat exchanger (hereinafter referred to as a “heat exchanger”)
Figure 1 Plate-fin heat exchanger
3.2
core
the core consisting of various fluid channels which are banked and brazed into a whole according to the design requirements. Each layer of channel consists of parting sheet (cap sheet), heat transfer fin (distributor fin), side bar, etc., as shown in Figure 2
Figure 2 Single-layer channel structure
3.3
heat transfer fin
wavy element for heat transfer enhancement and pressure bearing between two parting sheets in the core
3.3.1
fin type
fin type indicating the geometric shape of the fin, mainly including plain fin, serrated fin, wavy fin, etc., among which plain fin and wavy fin can be perforated into perforated fin as required
3.3.2
percentage of opening
the ratio of the surface area of the heat transfer fin reduced after opening of the perforated fin to the total surface area of the heat transfer fin before opening
3.4
distributor fin
the fin that distributes the fluid into the core at the inlet and outlet, which is generally plain (perforated or non-perforated) fin
3.5
side bar
an element of the heat exchanger core for sealing and supporting each layer of channel
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3.6
parting sheet
a sheet in the heat exchanger core that is used for separating the fluid between two layers of fins and is welded with the heat transfer fin and the side bar to form a whole during brazing
3.7
cap sheet
a cap sheet located at the outermost side of the heat exchanger core
3.8
dummy layer
the channel layer which is set at the top and bottom of the core to connect with the ambient atmosphere and doesn’t involve heat exchange. The dummy layer only meets the requirements of strength, thermal insulation and manufacturing process
3.9
dead area
the area in a channel that is connected with the heat transfer fin or distributor fin but has no medium flow
3.10
layer arrangement
a channel arrangement required to realize heat exchange between cold and hot media, including single banking, double banking, and single and multiple banking
3.10.1
single banking
an arrangement that each hot channel is arranged adjacent to a cold channel, as shown in Figure 3 a)
3.10.2
double banking
an arrangement that each hot channel is alternating with two alternating cold channels, or each cold channel is alternating with two hot channels, as shown in Figure 3 b)
3.10.3
single and multiple banking
the combination of single banking and double banking in the same core, besides hot channel is arranged adjacent to cold channel in the same core, as shown in Figure 3 c)
Figure 3 Channel arrangement diagram
3.11
header
a header that is usually welded of header body, nozzle, header with ends, flange (or nozzle cap), etc.
3.11.1
header body
the semi-cylindrical part of the header
3.11.2
header with ends
the plate connecting both ends of the semi-circular header and the header body
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3.11.3
nozzle
the pipe connecting the external pipeline and the header
3.11.4
nozzle cap
a part that are used to close the nozzle during pressure test or nitrogen sealing
3.12
composite block
a core that two or more cores are connected into a whole by parallel welding, as shown in Figure 4
3.13
manifolded exchanger
a combination of two or more heat exchangers in different piping forms (in parallel or in series), as shown in Figure 5
3.14
heat transfer area
the sum of heat transfer surface areas of all channels of the same fluid, including areas of primary heat transfer surface and secondary heat transfer surface
3.14.1
primary heat transfer surface
a heat transfer surface provided by the parting sheet
3.14.2
secondary heat transfer surface
a heat transfer surface provided by the heat transfer fin, with the surface where the heat transfer fin is directly welded with the parting sheet removed
3.15
equivalent diameter
the diameter of circular pipe that is obtained by converting the dimension of non-circular channel according to the principle of equal hydraulic radius
Figure 4 Structure diagram of composite block
Figure 5 Composition diagram of manifolded exchanger
4 General requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 In addition to the requirements of this standard, the design, manufacture, inspection, acceptance, installation and use of heat exchangers shall also meet the requirements of the purchaser or the relevant laws, regulations and standards directed by the purchaser, as well as the drawing requirements.
4.1.2 See Annex A of GB/T 151-2014 for the declaration of conformity of this standard.
4.2 Pressure
4.2.1 The heat exchanger consists of several (equal or unequal) pressure channels. The respective design pressures shall be determined according to the dangerous working conditions that may occur during the operation of each channel.
4.2.2 The design pressure of each channel shall not be less than the maximum working pressure of the channel.
4.2.3 When the heat exchanger is designed according to external pressure, the maximum difference between internal pressure and external pressure that may occur during manufacture and use shall be considered.
4.2.4 When the heat exchanger works in vacuum, the design pressure of the vacuum channel shall be considered according to its external pressure. When a safety control device is provided, the design pressure shall be 1.25 times the maximum difference between internal pressure and external pressure or 0.1MPa, whichever is smaller; when no safety control device is provided, the design pressure shall be 0.1MPa.
4.2.5 The design pressure shall not be greater than the maximum allowable working pressure of the heat transfer fin determined by the burst test.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
5 Materials
6 Design
7 Manufacture, inspection and acceptance
8 Installation and operation
Annex A (Informative) Preparation method of heat exchanger model
Annex B (Informative) Maximum allowable design temperature of common aluminum materials of heat exchanger elements
Annex C (Informative) Common materials of heat exchangers and their allowable stresses
Annex D (Normative) Determination of the maximum allowable design pressure of the heat transfer fin
Annex E (Informative) Stress analysis cases of typical header structures
Annex F (Informative) Brazing procedure specification and brazing procedure qualification report
Annex G (Informative) Welded joint types
Annex H (Normative) Dryness test
Annex I (Normative) Air resistance test method of heat exchanger
Annex J (Informative) Cautions for use of heat exchanger
Bibliography
