1 Scope
This document describes a method for determining the fire resistance of non load bearing independent members made of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) when heated on one side.
This document is applicable to FRP products, whose final use dimensions are usually smaller than those specified in GB/T 9978.1, such as fire barriers used in the transportation industry.
This document is applicable to FRP products with basically flat surface, as well as sandwich panel members with reinforced components and FRP surface.
2 Normative References
The contents in the following documents constitute indispensable provisions of this document through normative references. Among them, only the version corresponding to the date of the referenced document is applicable to this document: the latest version (including all amendments) of the referenced document not in oral form is applicable to this document.
GB/T 2035 Terminology and Definitions of Plastics (GB/T 2035-2008, ISO 472:1999. IDT)
GB/T 5907.2 Fire fighting vocabulary Part 2: Fire prevention
GB/T 9978.1 Fire resistance test methods for building elements (GB/T 9978.1-2008.1SO 834-1: 1999, MOD)
ISO 834-12 Fire resistance tests - Building elements - Part 12: Fire resistance tests Elements of building construction - Part 12: Specific requirements for sep arrating elements evaluated on less than full scale furnaces
EN 1363-2 Fire resistance tests Part 2: Alternative and additional procedures
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 2035, GB/T 5907.2 and ISO 834-12 are applicable to this document.
4 General
The fire resistance of medium scale test pieces in the vertical or horizontal direction is determined by exposing their surfaces to the conditions specified in ISO 834-12. The time temperature curve specified in EN1363-2 can also be used when it is required to be related to the final use conditions of the tested product.
5 Instruments and equipment
5.1 General requirements
The test equipment shall include combustion furnace, restraint and support frame and other instruments in accordance with GB/T 9978.1 or ISO 834-12, as well as test piece installation frame in accordance with 5.2.
5.2 Test piece installation frame
The test piece mounting frame (hereinafter referred to as the frame) shall be made of incombustible material, i.e. steel or concrete. During the test, the structure of the frame shall be strong enough to support the test piece under high temperature. The deformation of the frame shall not adversely affect the test piece.
Note: The test piece is not stressed in this test
The frame lining in direct contact with the test piece shall be made of incombustible materials, such as calcium silicate board, with a dry density of (950 ± 100) kg/m 'and a minimum thickness of 50 mm. When the test is conducted under the high temperature conditions specified in ISO 834-12, the frame shall be firm enough to support the test piece,
6 Test piece
6.1 Number of test pieces
For symmetrical structures or members requiring fire protection from only one specific side, one test piece shall be tested. For the asymmetric structure with double-sided fire protection requirements, 2 test pieces shall be tested so that each side of the component is exposed to fire.
6.2 Dimensions
The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the test piece shall not be less than (1000 ± 30) mm. The structure of the test piece shall represent the final use of the member. For this reason, the size of the test piece shall be increased to the size of the ruler used for the final use of the member. The length and width of the FRP test piece installed in the metal straight direction and horizontal direction should be 1.5 m. The test pieces shall be installed in a way that reflects the final service conditions, and shall also be included when there are stiffeners and/or thermal insulation systems.
6.3 Structure
The test piece should include all reinforcement components that are part of the FRP product's final construction.
NOTE ISO 10295-1 specifies fire resistance tests for impermeable seals in building elements.
6.4 Thermal insulation of test piece
In the final use, FRP members need to be attached with thermal insulation systems, and these FRP members need to have fire resistance. If the thermal insulation system is added under the final service conditions, the thermal insulation system shall be installed and fixed on the test piece close to the final service conditions.
The thermal insulation system is usually installed on the side with high fire risk. During the test, the thermal insulation surface of the test piece shall be exposed in the combustion furnace.
In an insulation system representative of the end use conditions, the test piece shall contain either a vertical connection or a horizontal connection, or a vertical connection and a horizontal connection.
7 Condition adjustment and test environment
The test piece shall be conditioned at (23 ± 2) ℃ and 50%~75% relative humidity for at least 24 hours, and the test shall be conducted at 15 ℃~35 ℃ and 45%~75% relative humidity.
8 Test Procedures
8.1 Test piece installation
The test piece shall be installed in the frame, and the smoke shall not pass through the connection between the test piece and the frame. The entire area of the test piece shall be exposed to the heating conditions.
8.2 Thermocouples
The installation of thermocouples used to measure and control the temperature in the furnace shall comply with ISO 834-12.
8.3 Temperature measuring points of test piece
The thermocouple for measuring the temperature of the back fire surface of the test piece shall be installed at the center of the whole back fire surface of the test piece and at the center of each quarter area of the back fire surface according to ISO 834-12, as shown in Figure 1.
Thermocouples and thermal insulation pads should be installed on the surface of the test piece with heat-resistant adhesive. There is no adhesive between the thermocouple copper sheet and the test piece or between the thermocouple copper sheet and the thermal insulation pad. If there is a gap between them, it should meet the minimum size specified in GB/T 9978,1. If it cannot be bonded, it should be fixed with pins, screws or clips, and it can only contact the part of the pad. The pad should not exceed the copper sheet.
If the test piece includes an insulation system, additional back fire surface temperature measurements shall be made at the relative position of the vertical connection center, the horizontal connection center, and the intersection of the horizontal connection and the vertical connection.
8.4 Temperature before test
Before the test, the thermocouple shall be checked to confirm whether the temperature of the thermocouple on the back fire surface is consistent with that of the ambient temperature thermocouple, and records shall be made within 5 minutes before the test.
Before the test, the furnace temperature shall be less than 50 ℃, and the difference between the back fire surface temperature of the test piece and the initial ambient temperature shall be within 5 ℃.
8.5 Start of test
The test shall be conducted after the initial conditions are set. The starting point of the test is when the furnace temperature is heated according to the standard heating curve specified in GB/T9978.1 or EN 1363-2. The running time shall be calculated from this point, and all measurement and observation systems shall start to run or operate at this time.
8.6 Heating conditions
The furnace temperature controlled by thermocouple (8.2) shall meet the temperature conditions specified in GB/T 9978.1. When it is required to be related to the final use conditions of the tested product, the time temperature curve specified in EN 1363-2 can also be used.
8.7 Measurement and observation
8.7.1 Temperature and pressure
The temperature and furnace pressure of all thermocouples shall be measured and recorded in accordance with GB/T 9978.1 or ISO 834-12, with the recording interval not exceeding 1 min
8.7.2 Penetration of smoke and gas
Observe the deformation of the test piece, smoke and/or hot gas passing through the test piece and other phenomena (if any), and record the occurrence time. The penetration of hot gas shall be checked with absorbent cotton.
8.7.3 Formation of deformation, holes and cracks
During measurement, attention shall be paid to the generation and development of holes or cracks on the backfired surface of the test piece, because this problem will be considered when determining the integrity time (i.e. the time when holes and cracks cause integrity failure), and the integrity time shall be determined and recorded according to the provisions of GB/T 9978.1.
8.7.4 Deflection
During the test, the deflection of the center of the test piece shall be measured at least once every minute with a deflection measurement accuracy of ± 2 mm. Note that the application guide for deflection measurement has been given in GB/T 9978.1
8.8 Test termination
According to the provisions of GB/T 9978.1, the test of FRP specimens can be terminated for one or more of the following reasons:
a) Personnel safety problems or equipment damage;
b) Meet the failure standard specified in the product standard;
c) The Client's requirements,
However, in the case of b), the test can be continued to obtain more data.
8.9 Observation after test
After the test, observe and record the condition and any damage of the test pieces, including the thermal insulation system.
9 Test report
Bibliography
contents
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and definitions
4 General
5 Instruments and equipment
6 Test piece
7 Condition adjustment and test environment
8 Test Procedures
9 Test report
Bibliography
1范圍
本文件描述了一種由纖維增強塑料(FRP)制成的非承重獨立構件在單面受熱時的耐火性能的測定方法。
本文件適用于FRP產品,其最終用途尺寸通常小于GB/T 9978.1中規定的尺寸,如交通運輸行業使用的防火屏障。
本文件適用于表面基本平整的FRP制品﹐也適用于含有加強組件和表層由FRP構成的夾層板式構件。
2規范性引用文件
下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引辯而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中,注日期的引用文件,僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件:不在口期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 2035塑料術語及其定義(GB/T 2035-2008,ISO 472:1999.IDT)
GB/T 5907.2消防詞匯 第2部分;火災預防
GB/T 9978.1建筑構件耐火試驗方法(GB/T 9978.1-2008.1SO 834-1: 1999,MOD)
ISO 834-12 耐火試驗建筑構件第12部分;在非全尺寸耐火爐上進行評估的分隔構件的特殊要求(Fire resistance tests—Elements of building construction - Part 12: Specific requirements for sep-arating elements evaluated on less than full scale furnaces)
EN 1363-2耐火試驗第2部分:替換和附加程序(Fire resistance tests-Part 2: Alternative andadditional procedures)
3術語和定義
GB/T 2035,GB/T 5907.2和ISO 834-12界定的術語和定義適用于本文件。
4總則
垂直或水平方向的中等尺度試件的耐火性是通過將其表面暴露于ISO 834-12規定的條件下來測定的。當需要與被測產品的最終使用條件相關時,也能使用EN1363-2中規定的時間-溫度曲線。
5儀器設備
5.1通用要求
試驗設備應包括符合GB/T 9978.1或ISO 834-12規定的燃燒爐,約束與支撐框架以及其他儀器，并含有符合5.2規定的試件安裝框架。
5.2試件安裝框架
試件安裝框架(以下簡稱框架)應由不燃材料制成,即鋼或混凝土。在試驗過程中,框架的結構應足夠堅固,能在高溫下支撐試件?？蚣艿淖冃尾粦獙υ嚰a生不利影響。
注:本試驗中試件不受力.
與試件直接接觸的框架襯里應由不燃材料構成,如硅酸鈣板,其干密度為(950±100)kg/m',最小厚度為50 mm。在ISO 834-12規定的高溫條件下進行試驗時,框架應堅固以能支撐試件，
6試件
6.1試件數量
對于對稱結構或僅要求從一個特定側面防火的構件,應測試1個試件。對于有雙面防火要求的不對稱結構,應測試2個試件,以使構件的每一面都暴露于災焰下。
6.2尺寸
試件的垂直尺寸和水平尺寸都不宜少于(1000士30)mm。試件的結構應代表構件最終使用情況，為此,試件尺寸增加到構件最終使用的尺對，金直方向與水平方向安裝的FRP試件長度和寬度尺寸都宜為1.5 m。試件的安裝方式應能夠反映最終使用條件,當有加強構件和/或隔熱系統時也應包括。
6.3結構
試件宜包括所有加強組件,這些組件是 FRP產品最終使用時構造的一部分。
注:ISO 10295-1規定了建筑構件中防滲透密封件的耐火測試。
6.4試件的隔熱性
在最終使用時, FRP構件上需要附加隔熱系統,這類FRP構件需要具有耐火性能。如果在最終使用條件下附加隔熱系統,則應接近最終使用條件,將隔熱系統安裝并固定在試件上。
隔熱系統通常安裝在火災危險性較大的一側。試驗時應使試件的隔熱面暴露在燃燒爐中。
在代表最終使用條件的隔熱系統中,試件應包含一個垂直連接或水平連接,或者一個垂直連接和水平連接。
7狀態調節和試驗環境
試件應在溫度為(23±2)℃、相對濕度為50%~75%的條件下狀態調節至少24 h,并應在溫度為15℃~35℃、相對濕度為45%~75%的環境下進行試驗。
8試驗步驟
8.1―試件安裝
試件應安裝在框架內﹐且確保煙氣不通過試件與框架之間的連接處。試件的整個區域都應暴露在加熱條件下。
8.2熱電偶
用于測量和控制爐內溫度的熱電偶的安裝應符合ISO 834-12的規定。
8.3試件測溫點
測量試件背火面溫度的熱電偶應當按照ISO 834-12的規定,安裝在整個試件背火面的中心位置以及背火面的每1/4區域的中心位置﹐如圖1所示。
熱電偶和隔熱墊宜用耐熱黏合劑安裝在試件表面,熱電偶銅片和試件之間或熱電偶銅片與隔熱墊之間沒有任何黏合劑,若它們之間有間隙,應滿足GB/T 9978,1規定的最小尺寸，當無法黏合時,應使用銷釘,螺絲或夾子固定,且只能與襯墊部分接觸,襯墊不應超出銅片。
如果試件包括隔熱系統﹐則應在垂直連接中心相對位置,水平連接中心位置和水平連接與垂直連接交點處進行額外的背火面溫度測量。
8.4試驗開始前的溫度
試驗前,應檢查熱電偶﹐確認背火面的熱電偶和環境溫度熱電偶的溫度是否一致,并在測試開始前5 min內進行記錄。
試驗開始前,爐溫應小于50 ℃ ,試件背火面溫度與初始環境溫度差應在5℃以內。
8.5試驗起始
試驗應在初始條件設置好后進行。按照GB/T9978.1或 EN 1363-2規定的標準加熱曲線開始加熱爐溫時即為試驗的起始點。從該點開始計算運行時間,所有測量和觀測系統應在此時開始運行或操作。
8.6加熱條件
由熱電偶(8.2)控制的爐溫應符合GB/T 9978.1規定的溫度條件。當需要與被測產品的最終使用條件相關時,也可使用EN 1363-2中規定的時間-溫度曲線。
8.7測量和觀察
8.7.1溫度和壓力
所有熱電偶的溫度和爐壓應按照GB/T 9978.1或ISO 834-12的規定進行測量和記錄,記錄間隔不超過1 min.
8.7.2煙和氣的滲透
觀察試件的變形、煙和/或熱氣透過試件的情況以及其他現象(如果有),并記錄發生的時間。應采用脫脂棉檢查熱氣的滲透情況。
8.7.3變形、孔洞和裂縫的形成
測量時,應注意試件背火面的孔洞或裂紋的產生和發展﹐因為在確定完整性時間(即孔洞和裂縫導致完整性失效的時間)時會考慮此問題﹐并應按那服GB/T 9978.1的規定確定并記錄完整性時間。
8.7.4撓度
試驗過程中,試件中心的撓度應每分鐘至少測量一次,撓度測量精度為±2 mm,注,關于撓度測量的應用指南已在GB/T 9978.1中給出
8.8試驗終止
按照 GB/T 9978.1的規定﹐對FRP試件的試驗可因下列一種或幾種原因而終止:
a)出現人員的安全問題或設備即將發生損壞;
b)達到產品標準中規定的失效標準;
c)委托方的要求，
但是,在發生 b)的情況下,可繼續進行試驗以獲得更多的數據。
8.9試驗后觀察
試驗結束后,應觀察并記錄包括隔熱系統在內的試件的狀況和任何損壞。
9試驗報告
參考文獻
