1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for driver-seated, ride-on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165 and rough terrain telescopic forklifts as defined in GB/T 35205.1 when they are expected to be driven on the road.
This document specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce the risk of significant hazards, hazardous situations and dangerous events when these machines are operated on the road.
This document does not apply to the following situations:
Machines on outriggers, e.g. walk-behind excavators;
Hazardous user requirements associated with driver-operated (driver-operated or non-driver-operated) or remote-controlled earth-moving machines / rough terrain telescopic forklifts, including training, operating permits and machine licensing taxes;
Local usage restrictions, such as road/bridge capacity;
Environmental requirements, such as engine emissions, noise refrigerants or recyclability. Note: More stringent national standards or other regulations may apply.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document by means of normative references in the text, where, for dated references, only the version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendment sheets) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 25606 - 2010 Earth moving machinery Product identification code system (ISO 10261: 2002, IDT)
ISO 3287 Powered industrial trucks - Symbols for operator controls and other displays
ISO 3450:2011 Earth moving machinery - Braking systems for wheeled or high-speed rubber tracked machines - Performance requirements and test methods
ISO 3457 Earth moving machinery - Guards - Definitions and requirements
ISO 5006 Earth moving machinery - Operator's field of view - Test method and performance criteria
ISO 5010 Earth moving machinery - Rubber tyred machines - Steering requirements
3 Terms and definitions
The terms defined in ISO 6165, ISO 10896-1 and ISO 12100 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
4 Safety requirements and protective measures
4.1 General rules
Machines intended for road use shall comply with the requirements and protective measures of this document.
Provided that no modifications are required by this document, the general safety requirements in ISO 20474 or ISO 10896-1, as applicable, shall be followed.
4.2 Dimensions and quality
4.2.1 General
Machines designed and assembled in accordance with the requirements of 4.2.2 to 4.2.6 for size and quality may be roadworthy.
Note 1: Dimensions and masses are widely accepted, but in some cases may be subject to severe national and local restrictions.
Note 2: Machines with dimensions and masses exceeding those specified in 4.2.2 to 4.2.6 may be considered as abnormal for transport and must comply with special use permits not covered in this document. ISO 6016 specifies the test methods for mass. Unless specifically designed to carry loads on the road (e.g. tipper), the mass of the machine does not include any loads other than attachments, tools and working devices required for the intended operation.
Machine dimensions shall be measured in accordance with the requirements of ISO 6746-1 and ISO 6746-2.
The dimensions and mass of the machine shall be assessed by means of the working and attachment devices in the transport configuration specified by the manufacturer.
4.2.2 Maximum mass The maximum mass of a machine travelling on the road shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 1.
4.3 Speed
The maximum speed shall be verified in accordance with ISO 6014. the permissible speed tolerance is +10% or +3 km/h (whichever is less). The test shall be carried out with the largest size tyre at the manufacturer's specified cold tyre inflation pressure and under the lightest running conditions of the machine.
Machines equipped with one or more smooth steel wheels (rollers) shall be limited to a maximum design speed of 16 km/h. If the intended operation is set to be completed at a higher speed, a means shall be provided to avoid the machine travelling at speeds in excess of 16 km/h on the road (e.g. specific road travel mode setting).
Note: The speed of machines with smooth steel wheels may be subject to local use restrictions not covered in this document.
4.3.1 Speed markings
Machines shall be specified (e.g. attachment points) for the installation of speed marker signs, low speed vehicle signage, or communication speed markers or equipment required by national regulations. It is recommended that a mounting space of 365 mm in width and 350 mm in height (low speed vehicle signage dimensions) be provided. Refer to ISO 12509 for installation.
Note: More than one marker may be required (e.g.; speed marker sign and low speed vehicle signage).
4.4 Road protection
The machine shall meet the requirements of 4.4.1 and 4.4.2 in order to reduce the risk of road damage.
4.4.1 Tyres and wheeled vehicles
Tyres shall be compatible with the machine's axle load and design speed and shall be marked with the name of the manufacturer (of the tyres), the load index and the speed rating. Tyres may be pneumatic or solid. Pneumatic tyres may be foam-filled (to prevent loss of stability in the event of puncture or rupture) or filled with a liquid pressure stabiliser.
In cases where the speed rating of the tyres fitted does not match the maximum speed of the machine (e.g. low speed high capacity tyres for the intended operation, or where the manufacturer allows the use of foam-filled or liquid stabilizers), the driver may be provided with the maximum permissible speed of the tyres fitted.
Note: The load index and speed rating data can be determined by ISO 4250, the European Organisation of Tyre and Wheel Technology or the Tyre and Wheel Association Standards Manual. Steel wheeled vehicles or steel wheels (e.g. road rollers) are permitted to be driven on roads provided they do not have any tread pattern.
4.4.2 Tracks
Tracked machines shall have a tread pattern such that their static ground specific pressure is not greater than 0.8 MPa, as measured in accordance with Appendix A.
Steel-tracked machines shall have a resilient material between the ground and the tracks and be arranged so that the steel parts of the tracks do not come into contact with the road.
4.5 Dynamic stability
The operating condition of the machine on the road shall be assessed at all speeds (including maximum speed) and in turns. Control of the machine, including the use of a typical trailer (if permitted), shall be permitted when driving on the road under normal conditions as specified by the manufacturer. The suspension (e.g. suspension control), axle or wheel of the work unit or attachment can be used to improve controllability. The weight distribution of the machine in the intended driving configuration should ensure that the minimum static axle load measured on a substantially horizontal surface is 20% of the total mechanical mass on the steering axle.
NOTE:ISO 14792 and ISO 15037-2 may be used as general guidance for determining machine performance when driving on the road.
4.6 Steering systems The performance of the steering system of wheeled machines, including design speeds not greater than 20 km/h, but excluding rough terrain telescopic boom forklifts, shall be in accordance with ISO 5010. If the design speed of the machine cannot be reached by the test speed, the test shall be carried out at the maximum speed.
The performance of the steering system of the rough terrain telescopic forklift truck shall be in accordance with the applicable part of ISO 10896-1.
5 Validation requirements
It is necessary to verify that the requirements of this document have been incorporated into the design and manufacture of the machine. One or a combination of the following means of verification shall be used to assess the conformity of the machine to this document:
Measurement;
Visual inspection;
Testing of items with special requirements according to the methods specified in the referenced standards;
by assessing the content of the required documentation held by the manufacturer, such as certification of windscreens manufactured to the requirements of the standard. A report shall be established to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this document. The report shall include the following (either directly or by reference to other material):
An overall diagram of the machine and a diagram of the control circuit;
photographs (e.g. indicating the protective measures used)
detailed drawings with all calculations, test results, etc. for checking the conformity of the machine;
Results and reports relating to the referenced standards;
Driver's manual.
6 Operating instructions
The driver's manual for earth-moving machinery shall comply with ISO 6750 or ISO 10896-1:2012, Chapter 6. In addition, the manufacturer shall provide the following information:
Tools and working devices permitted to be carried by the manufacturer (see 4.16);
Identification and instructions for the use of tie-down points used to secure non-rigid parts of the machine, e.g. winches and hooks on ropes (see 4.16);
recommendations for the location of attachments and working devices when travelling on the road (see 4.2.1);
rescue and towing (hauling) procedures, if applicable (see 4.20);
Appendix A (normative) Calculation of the grounding ratio pressure for tracked machines
Bibliography
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety requirements and protective measures
5 Validation requirements
6 Operating instructions
Appendix A (normative) Calculation of the grounding ratio pressure for tracked machines
Bibliography
1范圍
本文件規定了ISO 6165定義的司機坐式,駕乘式土方機械和GB/T 35205.1中定義的越野伸縮臂叉車預期在公路上行駛的要求。
本文件規定了適當的技術措施,用以消除或減少這些機器在道路行駛時重大危險,危險情況和危險事件的風險。
本文件不適用于以下情況:
支腿上的機器,例如,步履式挖掘機;
與司機站立操作(駕乘式或非駕乘式)或遙控土方機械/越野伸縮臂叉車相關的危險用戶要求,包括培訓,操作許可和機器上牌稅;
當地使用限制,如道路/橋梁能力;
環境要求,如發動機排放、噪聲制冷劑或可回收性。注:更為嚴格的國家標準或其他法規,可適用。
2規范性引用文件
下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款,其中,注日期的引用文件,僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 25606- 2010土方機械產品識別代碼系統(ISO 10261 :2002 ,IDT) .
ISO 3287機動工業車輛駕駛員控制裝置及其他顯示裝置用符號(Powered industrial trucks - Symbols for operator controls and other displays)
ISO 3450:2011土方機械輪式或高速橡膠履帶式機器制動系統的性能要求和試驗方法
(Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems)
ISO 3457土方機械防護裝置定義和要求( Earth-moving machinery- -Guards- -Definitions and requirements)
ISO 5006土方機械司機視野試驗方法和性能準則( Earth-moving machinery - Operator's field of view - Test method and performance criteria)
ISO 5010土方機械輪胎式機器轉向要求( Earth-moving machinery - Rubber-tyred machines - -Steering requirements)
3術語和定義
ISO 6165、ISO 10896-1和ISO 12100界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。
4安全要求和保護措施
4.1 通則
預期公路行駛的機器應符合本文件的要求和保護措施。
只要本文件不做出修改要求,(如適用)應遵循ISO 20474或ISO 10896-1中的通用安全要求。
4.2尺寸和質量
4.2.1通用
尺寸和質量按照4.2.2~4.2.6的要求進行設計和裝配的機器可在道路上行駛。
注1:尺寸和質量是被廣泛接受的,但在某些情況下,可能會受到國家和地方的嚴重限制。
注2:尺寸和質量超過4.2.2~4.2.6中規定的機器可被視為異常運輸,必須符合本文件未涉及的特殊使用許可證。ISO 6016規定了質量的測試方法。除非專門設計成用于在道路上承擔負載(例如:自卸車),否則機器的質量不包括除附屬裝置,工具和預定操作所需工作裝置之外的任何負載。
機械尺寸測量應符合ISO 6746-1和ISO 6746-2的要求。
機器的尺寸和質量應通過制造商規定的運輸配置中的工作裝置和附屬裝置進行評定。
4.2.2 最大質量在道路行駛的機器的最大質量不超過表1中規定的限值。
4.3速度
最大速度的驗證應符合ISO 6014。允許的速度公差為＋10%或+3 km/h(以較小者為準)。試驗應使用制造商規定的冷胎充氣氣壓條件下的最大尺寸輪胎和機器最輕運行條件下進行。
配有一個或多個光滑鋼輪(滾輪)的機器的最大設計速度應限制為16 km/h。如果預定操作設定在較高的速度下完成,應提供方法以避免機器在道路上的行駛速度超過16 km/h(例如,特定的道路行駛模式設置)。
注:配有光滑鋼輪的機器的速度可能受到本文件中未涉及的地方使用限制。
4.3.1速度標記
機器應規定(例如附件點)安裝速度標記標志,低速車輛標志牌,或通信速度標記或國家規定要求使用的設備。建議提供的安裝空間寬度為365 mm,高度為350 mm(低速車輛標志牌尺寸)。相關安裝參考ISO 12509。
注:可能需要不止一個標記(例如;速度標記標志和低速車輛標志牌)。
4.4道路保護
機器應滿足4.4.1和4.4.2的要求,以減少道路損壞的風險。
4.4.1輪胎和輪輛
輪胎應與機器的軸荷和設計速度兼容,并應標有(輪胎)制造商的名稱,負載指數和速度等級。輪胎可以是充氣的或實心胎。充氣輪胎可以是泡沫填充的(以防止在穿刺或破裂的情況下失去穩定性)或填充液體穩壓物。
在所安裝輪胎的速度等級與機器的最大速度不匹配情況時(例如:用于預定操作的低速高容量輪胎,或者制造商允許使用泡沫填充物或液體穩壓物的情況下),可以向司機提供所安裝的輪胎的最大允許速度。
注:負載指數和速度等級數據可以由ISO 4250,歐洲輪胎和輪輛技術組織或輪胎和輪了協會標準手冊確定。鋼制輪輛或鋼輪(例如:壓路機)允許在道路上行駛,只要它們沒有任何胎面花紋。
4.4.2履帶
履帶式機器應具有胎面花紋,使其靜態接地比壓不大于0.8 MPa,根據附錄A測量。
鋼履帶機器介于地面和履帶之間應具有彈性材料,并且布置成使得履帶的鋼部件不與道路接觸。
4.5動態穩定性
在道路上行駛的機器運行狀況應在各種速度(包括最大速度)和轉彎時進行評估。在制造商規定的正常條件下的道路上行駛時,應允許對機器進行控制,包括典型拖車的使用(如果允許)。工作裝置或附屬裝置的懸掛(如,懸掛控制),軸或輪可用于提高可控性。機器在預期行駛配置中的重量分布應確保在基本水平的表面上測量的最小靜態軸載荷為轉向軸上總機械質量的20%。
注:ISO 14792和ISO 15037-2可用于確定在道路上行駛時的機器性能的一般指導。
4.6 轉向系統輪式機器的轉向系統的性能,包括設計速度不大于20 km/h,但不包括越野伸縮臂叉車,應符合ISO 5010。如果由機器的設計速度不能達到測試速度,應以最高速度進行試驗。
越野伸縮臂叉車轉向系統的性能應符合ISO 10896-1中的適用部分。
5驗證要求
有必要驗證本文件的要求已納入機器的設計和制造。應使用以下驗證手段中的一個或組合來評估機器是否符合本文件:
測量;
目測;
按引用標準所規定的方法對有特殊要求的項目進行試驗;
通過對制造商持有的必需的文件內容進行評估,例如按標準要求制造的風窗玻璃的認證證明。應確立一份用于證明符合本文件要求的報告。報告應包括以下內容(直接或通過參考其他材料):
機器的整體圖以及控制電路圖;
照片(例如,指明采用的保護措施)﹔
詳細圖紙,附有所有計算說明,測試結果等,用于檢查機械的合格性;
與引用的標準相關的結果和報告;
司機手冊。
6操作說明
土方機械的司機手冊應符合ISO 6750或ISO 10896-1:2012第6章的規定。此外,制造商應提供以下信息:
制造商允許攜帶的工具和工作裝置(見4.16);
用來固定機器的非剛性部分的捆系點的識別和使用說明,例如,絞車和繩索上的吊鉤(見4.16);
在道路上行駛時,附屬裝置和工作裝置位置的建議(見4.2.1);
救援和拖拽(牽引)程序,如適用(見4.20);
附錄A(規范性)履帶式機器接地比壓計算
參考文獻
