標準編號:	GB/T 40060-2021
中文名稱:	液氫貯存和運輸技術要求
英文名稱:	Technical requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen
中標分類:	F19    新能源及其他
行業分類:	GB    國家標準
ICS分類:	71.020 71.020    化工生產 71.020
發布機構:	國家市場監督管理總局 國家標準化管理委員會
發布日期:	2021-04-30
實施日期:	2021-11-1
標準狀態:	valid
翻譯語言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數:	12000 字
翻譯價格(元):	650.0
交付時間:	付款后 1 個工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of SAT/TC 309 National Technical Committee on Hydrogen Energy of Standardization Administration of China. Introduction This standard provides technical reference for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen, and the safety requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen shall be subject to laws and regulations, mandatory national standards and other relevant regulations. Technical requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen 1 Scope This standard specifies the requirements for the setting of liquid hydrogen storage vessels, transportation of tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers, purging and replacement, safety and protection, and accident handling in the process of storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen. This standard is applicable to the technical requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen storage vessels, liquid hydrogen transport vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers. This standard is not applicable to the storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen used in military, national defense and aerospace fields. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use GB 4387 Safety regulation for railway and road transportation in plants of industrial enterprises GB 12014 Protective clothing - Static protective clothing GB 21148 Foot protection - Safety footwear GB 21668 Provisions of vehicles for the carriage of dangerous goods with regard to their specific constructional features GB/T 24499 Technology glossary for gaseous hydrogen, hydrogen energy and hydrogen energy system GB/T 31421 Occupational antistatic headwear GB 50140 Code for design of extinguisher distribution in buildings GB 50169 Code for construction and acceptance of grounding connection - Electric equipment installation engineering GB 50177 Design code for hydrogen station GB 50974 Code of design on fire protection water supply and hydrant systems JT/T 617 (all parts) Regulations concerning road transportation of dangerous goods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 24499 and the following apply. 3.1 liquid hydrogen vessel vessel for long-term or short-term storage of liquid hydrogen Note: Liquid hydrogen vessels include liquid hydrogen storage vessels, storage vessels of liquid hydrogen tank vehicle, liquid hydrogen tank container, etc. 3.2 liquid hydrogen storage vessel pressure vessel for storing liquid hydrogen 3.3 liquid hydrogen tank vehicle transport vehicle equipped with liquid hydrogen storage vessel 3.4 liquid hydrogen tank containers low temperature tank container for storing liquid hydrogen 4 Setting of liquid hydrogen storage vessel 4.1 The liquid hydrogen storage vessel shall not be installed indoors. 4.2 Liquid hydrogen storage places shall be well ventilated. 4.3 The place where the liquid hydrogen storage vessel locates shall be provided with emergency exit, and safety signs shall be set around it in accordance with relevant requirements of GB 2894. ? 4.4 The place where liquid hydrogen storage vessel is set shall keep a safe distance from residential buildings, public roads and warehouses, with such distance not less than that specified in GB 50177. 4.5 Fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and other fire rescue equipment shall be provided in the place where liquid hydrogen storage vessels locate. The fire extinguishers should be dry powder fire extinguishers, with the configuration meeting those specified in GB 50140. And the setting of fire hydrants shall meet those specified in GB 50974. 4.6 The place where liquid hydrogen storage vessels locate shall be provided with liquid hydrogen tank vehicles and fire fighting access with a width not less than 4 m and the clearance height on it not less than 4.5m. 4.7 The liquid hydrogen storage and use places should be equipped with walls or fences and anti-collision facilities. 4.8 In the liquid hydrogen storage place, the liquid hydrogen storage vessel shall be installed on the pedestal above the ground, and the pedestal should be 30 cm above the ground. 4.9 The liquid hydrogen storage vessel area shall be arranged with a hydrogen concentration monitoring and alarm system, with the alarm concentration limit not more than 0.4% (volume fraction) and the response time not more than 30s. 4.10 The liquid hydrogen storage vessel area shall be arranged with ultraviolet flame detectors and infrared flame detectors. 4.11 The liquid hydrogen storage vessel shall be equipped with a grounding device, and shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 50177. 4.12 The liquid hydrogen transportation piping shall be equipped with a grounding device to eliminate the static electricity, and shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 50177. 4.13 In case the liquid hydrogen storage vessel is vented, the vent nozzle temperature shall not be lower than 90 K. 5 Transportation of tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers 5.1 The use, transportation, overhauling and management of tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers shall meet those specified in GB 21668 and JT/T 617 (all parts). ? 5.2 Before the departure of a liquid hydrogen tank vehicle, the transportation time and distance of the tank vehicle shall be confirmed, and emergency discharge measures shall be formulated to ensure that liquid hydrogen is not discharged on the highway during transportation. In case of transporting liquid hydrogen in tank vehicles or liquid hydrogen tank containers, the reading of the pressure gauge shall be monitored frequently, which shall not exceed the specified pressure value. If the reading of the pressure gauge rises abnormally, the tank vehicle shall be driven to a sparsely populated and open place, and the vent valve shall be opened to exhaust and relieve pressure. 5.3 When the pressure of the liquid hydrogen tank vehicle approaches the open pressure of the safety valve, the tank vehicle shall be driven to and parked in an open area for pressure discharge, at the same time, a warning line shall be provided. 5.4 In the factory area of industrial enterprise, liquid hydrogen shall be transported in accordance with GB 4387. The liquid hydrogen tank vehicle or vehicle carrying liquid hydrogen tank containers shall not travel at a speed exceeding 10 km/h. Do not push the vehicle by hand, and vehicle rolling is prohibited. 5.5 Liquid hydrogen transport vehicles loaded with liquid hydrogen shall be parked in the open air, and shall not be parked near bridges, tunnels or underground passages. 5.6 The parking distance between liquid hydrogen tank vehicles and between trailers of liquid hydrogen tank containers shall not be less than 3 m. 5.7 Liquid hydrogen tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers shall be equipped with electrostatic grounding devices, which shall meet the requirements of GB 50169. 5.8 Tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers can only enter the filling place for hydrogen filling after obtaining the consent of relevant personnel. Before filling, the gas in the connecting piping shall be replaced until the impurity content in it meets the replacement index requirements of the liquid hydrogen vessel. When filling, the operating personnel shall be on site. The filling shall be carried out in accordance with the operation procedures, and measures shall be taken to prevent the cryogenic liquid from overflowing. 5.9 The liquid hydrogen receiving port of the tank vehicle shall be equipped with a 10-μm filter, and the filter element shall be made of materials compatible with hydrogen. And hydrogen filters that are used continuously and constantly should be switchable. 5.10 Before entering the filling and diverting places, the rear of the tank vehicle trailer shall be equipped with a car flash hider.

Foreword i Introduction ii 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Setting of liquid hydrogen storage vessel 5 Transportation of tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers 6 Purging and replacement 7 Safety and protection 8 Accident handling Annex A (Informative) Hazard of liquid hydrogen Annex B (Informative) Key properties of liquid hydrogen

ICS 71.020 F 19 GB 中華人民共和國國家標準 GB/T 40060—2021 液氫貯存和運輸技術要求 Technical requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen 2021-04-30發布 2021-11-01實施 國家市場監督管理總局 國家標準化管理委員會 發布 前言 本標準按照GB/T 1.1—2009給出的規則起草。 本標準由全國氫能標準化技術委員會(SAC/TC 309)提出并歸口。 引言 本標準為液氫貯存和運輸提供技術參考，液氫貯存和運輸的安全要求以法律法規、強制性國家標準等有關規定為準。 液氫貯存和運輸技術要求 1 范圍 本標準規定了液氫貯存和運輸過程中液氫貯罐的設置、罐車和罐式集裝箱的運輸、吹掃與置換、安全與防護、事故處理的要求。 本標準適用于液氫貯罐、液氫運輸車和罐式集裝箱的貯存和運輸的技術要求。 本標準不適用于軍事、國防、航天領域液氫的貯存和運輸。 2 規范性引用文件 下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB 2894 安全標志及其使用導則 GB 4387 工業企業廠內鐵路、道路運輸安全規程 GB 12014 防護服裝 防靜電服 GB 21148 足部防護 安全鞋 GB 21668 危險貨物運輸車輛結構要求 GB/T 24499 氫氣、氫能與氫能系統術語 GB/T 31421 防靜電工作帽 GB 50140 建筑滅火器配置設計規范 GB 50169 電氣裝置安裝工程 接地裝置施工及驗收規范 GB 50177 氫氣站設計規范 GB 50974 消防給水及消火栓系統技術規范 JT/T 617(所有部分) 危險貨物道路運輸規則 3 術語和定義 GB/T 24499界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。 3.1 液氫容器 liquid hydrogen vessel 用于長期或短期貯存液氫的容器。 注：液氫容器包括液氫貯罐、液氫罐車的貯罐、罐式集裝箱等。 3.2 液氫貯罐 liquid hydrogen storage vessel 貯存液氫的壓力容器。 3.3 液氫罐車 liquid hydrogen tank vehicle 配置液氫貯罐的運輸車。 3.4 罐式集裝箱 liquid hydrogen tank containers 貯存液氫的低溫罐箱。 4 液氫貯罐的設置 4.1 液氫貯罐不得安裝在室內。 4.2 液氫貯存場所應保證通風良好。 4.3 液氫貯罐的場所應設有安全出口，周圍應設置安全標志，安全標志的設置應符合GB 2894的有關規定。 4.4 設置液氫貯罐的場所應與居民建筑物、公用道路及庫房保持相應的安全距離，并應不小于GB 50177 的有關規定。 4.5 液氫貯罐的場所應設置滅火器、消防栓等消防救護器材，滅火器配置應符合GB 50140 的有關規定﹐滅火器宜采用干粉滅火器，消防栓的設置應符合GB 50974的規定。 4.6 液氫貯罐場所應設有液氫罐車和消防通道，道路的寬度不應小于4 m，路面上的凈空高度不應小于4.5 m。 4.7 液氫的貯存、使用場所宜設置圍墻或柵欄及防撞設施。 4.8 液氫貯存場所中，液氫貯罐應安裝在高于地面的基座上，基座宜高于地面30 cm。 4.9 液氫貯罐區應設有氫氣濃度監測報警系統，報警濃度限值不大于0.4％(體積分數)，響應時間不大于30 s。 4.10 液氫貯罐區應設置紫外火焰探測器和紅外火焰探測器。 4.11 液氫貯罐應設置接地裝置，并應符合GB 50177的有關規定。 4.12 液氫輸送管道應設置導除靜電的接地裝置，并應符合GB 50177的有關規定。 4.13 液氫貯罐放空時，放空管口溫度不低于90 K。 5 罐車、罐式集裝箱的運輸 5.1 罐車、罐式集裝箱的使用、運輸、檢修和管理應符合GB 21668，JT/T 617(所有部分)的有關規定。 5.2 液氫罐車出發前，應確認罐車的運輸時間和運輸距離，并制定緊急情況排放措施，以確保運輸過程中不在公路上排放液氫。罐車、罐式集裝箱運輸液氫時，要經常監視壓力表的讀數，不應超過壓力規定值。當壓力表讀數異常升高時，罐車應開到人稀、空曠處，打開放空閥排氣泄壓。 5.3 液氫罐車壓力接近安全閥起跳壓力時，應將罐車行駛到空曠處排放﹐并設警戒線。 5.4 在工業企業廠區內，液氫的運輸應按GB 4387的規定執行，液氫罐車或載有液氫罐式集裝箱的車輛行駛速度不應超過10 km/h，不應用手推行駛，禁止溜放。 5.5 裝載液氫的液氫運輸車應露天停放，不得停放在靠近橋梁、隧道或地下通道的場所。5.6 液氫罐車、罐式集裝箱的拖車停放間距不小于3 m。 5.7 液氫罐車及罐式集裝箱應有導靜電接地裝置，接地裝置應符合GB 50169的規定。 5.8 罐車、罐式集裝箱只有在得到有關人員同意后方可進入充灌場所進行充灌。充灌前，應對充灌的連接管道進行置換，直至管道內氣體中雜質含量符合液氫容器的置換指標要求。充灌時，操作人員應在現場。充灌操作應按操作規程進行﹐并應防止低溫液體外溢。 5.9 罐車的液氫接收口應安裝10μm的過濾器，濾芯采用與氫相容性材料，連續固定使用的氫過濾器宜采用可切換式。 5.10 罐車拖車尾部在進入加注、轉注場所前應安裝汽車防火帽。 5.11 罐車、罐式集裝箱在連接充灌輸液管前應處于制動狀態，防止移動，并應設置防滑塊。罐車、罐式集裝箱在充裝過程中應采取相應安全措施﹐配置防拉脫裝置。 5.12 罐車、罐式集裝箱充灌結束后應將輸液管置換至非氫氣環境﹐確認安全后再脫開輸液管，方可離開。 5.13 罐車，罐式集裝箱在充灌裝卸作業時，汽車發動機應熄火關閉。充裝過程中，駕駛員不得駐留車內。 5.14 罐車、罐式集裝箱內液氫不宜長期儲存，更不得混裝其他液體，漆色標志應符合相關規定。 5.15 液氫加注、轉注期間，應對管道連接處再次進行檢查確認﹐防止泄漏。 6 吹掃與置換 6.1 液氫容器在充灌液氫前應檢查內部狀態，管道應干燥清潔，應采用氮氣吹干，裝配后用適當的堵帽或堵塞封堵外接管口。 6.2 液氫罐車超過7 d不用，應在使用前檢測貯罐內的氣體指標，若不合格，應對罐車內氫氣進行置換。 6.3 液氫容器新用或被其他氣體(如空氣等)污染，充灌液氫前應進行正壓置換，并符合下列要求： a)正壓置換應分別采用純度不低于99.99％的氮氣、氫氣，置換壓力不超過液氫容器的工作壓力； b)吹掃置換空氣時，應以氮氣反復充排，直至檢測排氣中的氧含量不大于0.5％(體積分數)； c)吹掃置換氮氣時，應以氫氣反復充排，直至罐內余氣雜質含量符合表1要求。 6.4 液氫容器內氫氣所含的雜質應符合表1的置換指標，方能充灌液氫。 表1 液氫容器置換指標 項目 指標×10－6(體積分數) 氮(N2)含量 ≤100 氧＋氬(O2＋Ar)總含量 ≤20 水(H2O)含量 ≤20 6.5 對原來裝過液氫或仍存在部分液氫的容器，充灌前，亦需對容器內氣體進行檢驗，符合液氫容器置換指標者，不必再作置換；不符者，應按6.3的規定進行置換。 7 安全與防護 7.1 操作安全 7.1.1 液氫具有一定的危險性，液氫的危險性參見附錄A。 7.1.2 液氫容器在使用前應檢查各種閥門，儀表、安全裝置是否齊全有效、靈敏可靠、在檢驗有效期內。液氫容器應配置禁油壓力表、手動或自動泄放閥、安全閥、爆破片，爆破片安全裝置的材質應選用不銹鋼、銅或鋁，并應脫脂去油。 7.1.3 液氫容器的充裝量應符合貯罐的設計文件要求，液氫容器(用于生產系統的液氫專用接收容器除外)泄出后剩余量不應少于總容積的5％。 7.1.4 液氫容器常溫充灌時，加注口閥門的開度應不大于20％，緩慢充灌預冷，預冷時間不小于30 min。 7.1.5 當液氫容器上的閥門和儀表、管道連接接頭等處被凍結時，不應用鐵錘敲打或明火加熱，宜用70℃～80℃潔凈無油的熱氮氣或溫水進行融化解凍。 7.1.6 使用單位應制定安全使用操作規程。操作人員獨立上崗操作前，應進行安全教育培訓，經考核合格后持安全操作證上崗。 7.1.7 操作人員應熟悉液氫的特性及其危害，并熟悉相關設施的使用說明書，設備工藝流程，設備上各種閥門，儀表及其作用和操作程序；在發生故障及意外事故時應能獨立采取應急安全措施。液氫的主要特性參見附錄B表B.1。 7.1.8 液氫容器的故障排除應按使用說明書的規定來處理。 7.2 安全防護 7.2.1 操作人員在充灌或處理液氫時應穿著符合GB 21148規定的導電鞋或導電長筒靴，外穿符合GB 12014規定的A級防靜電工作服，佩戴符合GB/T 31421規定的防靜電帽，褲管應罩在鞋(靴)幫外面，帶上干凈易脫的長臂純棉手套和護目鏡，若有可能產生液氫噴射或飛濺的作業，應帶上防護面罩(或護目鏡)和長臂純棉手套。處理大量液氫泄漏時應穿上無釘皮靴，褲腳套在皮靴外面。 7.2.2 操作人員操作前﹐應先導散自身靜電，不應用手觸摸非絕熱或表面結露、結霜的液氫容器與管道表面。 7.2.3 不應進入液氫大量泄漏的場所。 7.2.4 操作人員的皮膚因接觸液氫而被凍傷時，應及時將受傷部位放入40℃左右的溫水中浸泡，切勿干加熱，嚴重的凍傷應迅速到醫院治療。 8 事故處置 8.1 罐車、罐式集裝箱容器管路系統有微小泄漏時應及時檢修處理；有嚴重泄漏時，應將罐車、罐式集裝箱移到人稀、空曠安全處，逐漸排放﹐并應嚴格監護。排放時，人、車應處在上風向，排放液體時，應關閉汽車發動機，人員不得滯留車內，排放液氫波及區域內應禁止明火。 8.2 當罐車、罐式集裝箱在運輸途中發生事故時，應及時報告當地有關部門進行處理，同時應按規定采取應急措施。 附錄A (資料性附錄) 液氫的危險性 A.1 液氫具有低溫危險性。它是無色無味、透明的低溫液化氣體，沒有腐蝕性﹐在一定條件下，金屬材料與液氫接觸會發生氫脆現象。 A.2 液氫在受限空間內大量泄漏可能會造成人員的缺氧窒息。 A.3 液氫具有爆燃和爆轟危險性。液氫汽化為氫氣并與空氣混合易形成可燃爆混合物，遇火源易產生爆炸危險。氫的燃燒速度快、火焰溫度高、隱形火焰蒼白、無色，白天不易察覺，需設置紫外火焰探測器和紅外火焰探測器。 A.4 液氫管路和設備絕熱保溫失效時，會使操作人員凍傷。液氫貯罐或管路系統中混入空氣會形成固體顆粒，其中固體氧的積累可能造成系統爆炸著火的風險。 A.5 雷雨天氣應禁止液氫相關操作。 附錄B (資料性附錄) 液氫的主要特性 液氫的主要特性見表B.1。 表B.1 液氫的主要特性 項目 物化性能 特征 無色無味透明 摩爾質量/(kg/ kmol) 2.0159 標準大氣壓下的沸點/℃ －252.8 凝固點/℃ －259.2 在空氣中的燃燒極限范圍，體積分數 4％～75％ 標準大氣壓下的密度/(kg/m3) 70.79 變為標準大氣壓下氣體體積倍數 790 臨界溫度/K 33.1 臨界壓力/MPa 1.3 危險貨物編號 UN1966 危險貨物類別 第二類氣體中易燃氣體