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This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Technical Committee on Steel of Standardization Committee of China (SAC/TC 544).
General specification for GNSS geodetic receivers onboard low earth orbit satellite
1 Scope
This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, as well as marking, packaging, Transport and storage of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) geodetic receivers onboard low earth orbit (LEO) satellite.
This standard is applicable to the development, production, testing, use and inspection of GNSS geodetic receivers onboard low earth orbit satellite. Other GNSS geodetic receivers for LEO spacecrafts may also be used for reference.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 9969 General principles for preparation of instructions for use of industrial products
GB/T 32304 Electrostatic discharge protection requirements for aerospace electronic products
GB/T 39267 Terminology for BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS)
GB/T 39268-2020 General specification for GNSS navigation receivers onboard low earth orbit satellite
QJ 1417-1988 Reliability parts derating criteria
QJ 1729A-1996 Test methods for aerospace antenna
QJ 1947 Terminology for antenna
GJB 2266 Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for aerospace systems
QJ 2438 Technological requirements for packaging spacecraft
QJ 20073 Satellite EMC test requirements and test methods
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 39267 and QJ 1947 and the following apply.
3.1.1
acquisition sensitivity
required lowest signal level when a receiver captures navigation signals and conducts normal positioning after being turned on in a time when approximate position, approximate time, ephemeris, and almanac are unknown
3.1.2
antenna gain
ratio of radiation intensity of an omni-directional antenna in the case that radiation intensity of the antenna in a given direction is the same as input power
Note 1: If the direction is not given, it refers to the direction of the maximum radiation intensity of the given antenna.
Note 2: If the antenna has no loss, it means that the absolute gain of the antenna in a given direction is the same as its directivity coefficient in numerical value.
Note 3: Usually expressed in decibels (dB).
3.1.3
antenna phase center
electrical center of the antenna which refers to the curvature center of the curve intersecting the equal phase plane of a radiation field in the far region of the antenna and a plane passing through the axial direction of the antenna
3.1.4
axial ratio
ratio of long axis to short axis of elliptically polarized wave
3.1.5
GNSS signal simulator
equipment for simulating the generation of GNSS satellite signals, which usually is used for testing, inspecting and calibrating receivers
Note: It generally includes data simulation and radio frequency (RF) signal simulation
3.1.6
hemisphere emissivity
total radiation of all wavelengths emitted by blackbody per unit surface area into the whole hemisphere space
3.1.7
orbital elements
set of parameters describing the operating state of a satellite in its orbit
Note: It includes orbit semi-major axis, orbit eccentricity, orbit inclination angle, right ascension of ascending node, perigee amplitude and mean anomaly.
3.1.8
technical specification
relevant technical requirements documents issued by a satellite developer to a receiver developer
Note: It generally includes satellite design and construction specifications, interface data sheets, environmental test specifications
3.1.9
single event latch-up
state in which low resistance and high current is formed after single high-energy particle triggers and turns on a parasitic thyristor in a device
3.1.10
test scenario
series of configurations of test signals to complete specific functions and performance tests
Note: These configurations include navigation constellation and signal configuration, signal propagation environment configuration and receiver dynamic configuration.
3.1.11
time to first fix (TTFF)
time required for the receiver to acquire the correct fixing for the first time
3.1.12
total dose radiation hardness
sum of the maximum radiation dose that a material or device can bear
3.1.13
tracking sensitivity
required lowest signal level for maintaining navigation signal tracking and normal fixing after the receiver conducts normal fixing
3.1.14
voltage stand wave ratio
defined as the ratio of the maximum value and the minimum value adjacent to the voltage along the line and used to measure the degree of impedance mismatch and express the intensity of the antenna transmitted signal
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this standard, the following abbreviations apply.
1PPS: 1 pulse per second
BDCS: BeiDou coordinate system
BDS: BeiDou navigation satellite system
CVCM: collected volatile condensible material
Galileo: Galileo navigation satellite system
GLONASS: Global navigation satellite system
GNSS: global navigation satellite system
GPS: global positioning system
RMS: root mean square
TML: total mass loss
WGS-84: world geodetic system 1984
4 Requirements
4.1 Composition
The GNSS geodetic receiver onboard low earth orbit satellite (hereinafter referred to as “the receiver”) shall include the following components:
a) High-precision geodetic GNSS antenna (hereinafter referred to as “the antenna”);
b) Receiver host;
c) Relative measurement function accessories;
d) Accessories (including cables, connector protection sockets).
4.2 Structure and appearance
The appearance requirements of the receiver are as follows:
a) The appearance is intact with undamaged structure, and the surface coating of the product shall be free of scratches, cracks, pollution and falling off;
b) The electrical connector housing and pins (holes) are free of defects, deformation, looseness, corrosion and discoloration, and electrical connector protective caps are complete;
c) Inner walls of installation holes and the installation bottom surface of the receiver host shall be free of coating treatment;
d) The inner walls of installation holes and the installation surface of the antenna shall be free of coating treatment.
4.3 Labeling
The labeling requirements of the receiver are as follows:
a) Words, symbols or marks shall be clear and correct;
b) The product shall be provided with product code and batch number;
c) The relative position of product installation foot marks shall comply with the regulations of the technical specification.
4.4 Components and raw materials
4.4.1 Selection of components
The selection requirements of the receiver components are as follows:
a) The selected components shall meet the use requirements of space environment;
b) The selected components shall meet the requirements of the technical specification;
c) In selecting the parameters of components and their allowable use environment, it shall be considered that they shall not exceed their limit values or maximum ratings under any circumstances, and shall meet the requirements of Grade I derating in QJ 1417-1988.
Foreword IV
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Abbreviations
4 Requirements
4.1 Composition
4.2 Structure and appearance
4.3 Labeling
4.4 Components and raw materials
4.5 Mechanical, electrical and thermal interfaces
4.6 Function requirements
4.7 Performance requirements
4.8 Requirements for environmental adaptability
4.9 Reliability
4.10 Safety
4.11 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
5 Test methods
5.1 Test environment conditions
5.2 Test equipment
5.3 Composition inspection
5.4 Structure and appearance inspection
5.5 Labelling inspection
5.6 Inspection of components and raw materials
5.7 Inspection of mechanical, electrical and thermal interfaces
5.8 Function test
5.9 Performance Test
5.10 Environmental adaptability test
5.11 Reliability inspection
5.12 Safety inspection
5.13 EMC test
6 Inspection rules
6.1 Inspection classification
6.2 Appraisal inspection
6.3 Acceptance inspection
6.4 Inspection items and sequence
6.5 Judgment rules
7 Labeling, packaging, transport and storage
7.1 Labeling
7.2 Packaging
7.3 Transport and storage
8 Instructions for use
8.1 Preparation of instruction for use
8.2 Verification method of instructions for use
Annex A (Informative) GNSS signal frequency point and bandwidth
Annex B (Informative) Typical orbital elements in LEO
