1 Scope
This part of GB/T 3859 specifies the requirements for the performance of all semiconductor power converters and semiconductor power switches using controllable and/or non-controllable electronic valve devices.
The electronic valve devices mainly comprise semiconductor devices, either not controllable (i.e. rectifier diodes) or controllable (i.e. various thyristors and power transistors).The controllable devices may be reverse blocking or reverse conducting and controlled by means of current, voltage or light. Non-bistable devices are assumed to be operated in the switched mode.
This part is primarily intended to specify the basic requirements for converters in general and the requirements applicable to line commutated converters for conversion of a.c. power to d.c. power or vice versa. This part is applicable to other types of electronic power converter provided that they do not have their own product standards.
These specific equipment requirements are applicable to semiconductor power converters that either implement power conversion or use commutation (for example semiconductor self-commutated converters) or involve particular applications (for example semiconductor converters for d.c. motor drives) or include a combination of said characteristics (for example direct d.c. converters for electric rolling stock).
This part is applicable to all power converters not covered by a dedicated product standard, or if special features are not covered by the dedicated product standard. Dedicated product standards for power converters shall refer to this part.
Notes
1 This part is not intended to define EMC requirements. It covers all phenomena and therefore introduces references to dedicated standards which are applicable according to their scope.
2 See GB/T 3859.3 or GB/T 18494.1 for the requirements of convertor transformer.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 2536-2011 Fluids for Electrotechnical Applications - Unused Mineral Insulating Oils for Transformers and Switchgear (IEC 60296:2003, MOD)
GB/T 2900.33-2004 Electrotoechnical Terminology - Power Electronics (IEC 60050-551:1998, IDT)
GB/T 3859.2-2013 Semiconductor Converters - General Requirements and Line Commutated Converters - Part 1-2: Application Guide (IEC/TR 60146-1-2:2011, MOD)
GB/T 3859.3-2013 Semiconductor Converters-General Requirements and Line Commutated Converters - Part 1-3: Transformers and Reactors (IEC 60146-1-3:1991, MOD)
GB/T 4026-2010 Basic and Safety Principles for Man-machine Interface, Marking and Identification - Identification of Equipment Terminals and Conductor Terminations (IEC60445:2006, IDT)
GB 4208 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP Code) (GB 4208-2008, IEC 60529:2001, IDT)
GB 5749-2006 Standards for Drinking Water Quality
GB 7260.1 Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) - Part 1-1: General and Safety Requirements for UPS Used in Operator Access Areas (GB 7260.1-2008, IEC 62040-1-1:2002, MOD)
GB 7260.2 Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) - Part 2: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements (GB 7260.2-2009, IEC62040-2.2005, IDT)
GB 7260.4 Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) - Part 1-2: General and Safety Requirements for UPS Used in Restricted Access Locations (GB 7260.4-2008, IEC 62040-1-2:2002, MOD)
GB/T 10236 Guide for Compatibility and Protection of Interference Effects between Semiconductor Convertors and Power Supply System
GB 12668.3 Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Dive Systems - Part 3: EMC Product Standard including Specific Test Methods (GB 12668.3-2012, IEC 61800-3:2004, IDT)
GB/T 12668.6 Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Dive Systems - Part 6: Guide for Determination of Types of Load Duty and Corresponding Current Ratings (GB/T 12668.6-2011, IEC/TR 61800-6:2003, IDT)
GB/T 13384 General Specifications for Packing of Mechanical and Electrical Product
GB/T 13422 Power Semiconductor Converters - Electrical Test Methods
GB/T 16859 Terminal Marking for Valve Device Stacks and Assemblies and for Power Convertor Equipment (GB/T 16859-1997, idt IEC 61148:1992)
GB/T 16895.1 Low-voltage Electrical Installations - Part 1: Fundamental Principles, Assessment of General Characteristics, Definitions (GB/T 16895.1-2008, IEC 60364-1:2005, IDT)
GB/T 16935.1-2008 Insulation Coordination for Equipment within Low-voltage Systems - Part 1: Principles, Requirements and Tests (IEC 60664-1:2007, IDT)
GB/T 17045 Protection Against Electric Shock - Common Aspects for Installation and Equipment (GB/T 17045-2008, IEC 61140:2001, IDT)
GB 17625.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Limits - Limits for Harmonic Current Emissions (Equipment Input Current ≤16A per Phase) (GB 17625.1-2012, IEC 61000-3-2:2009, IDT)
GB 17625.2 Eiectromagnetic Compatibility Limits (EMC) - Limitation of Voltage Changes, Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker in Public Low-voltage Supply Systems, for Equipment with Rated Current ≤16A per Phase and not Subject to Conditional Connection (GB 17625.2-2007, IEC 61000-3-3:2005, IDT)
GB/Z 17625.6 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Limits - Limitation of Emission of Harmonic Currents in Low-voltage Power Supply Systems for Equipment with Rated Current Greater Than 16A (GB/Z 17625.6-2003, IEC TR 61000-3-4:1998, IDT)
GB/T 17626.7 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Testing and Measurement Techniques - General Guide on Harmonics and Interharmonics Measurements and Instrumentation for Power Supply Systems and Equipment Connected Thereto (GB/T 17626.7-2008, IEC 61000-4-7:2002, IDT)
GB/T 17627.1-1998 High-voltage Test Techniques for Low Voltage Equipment - Part 1: Definitions, Test and Procedure Requirements (eqv IEC 61180-1:1992)
GB/T 17799.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Generic Standards - Immunity for Residential, Commercial and Light-industrial Environments (GB/T 17799.1-1999, idt IEC 61000-6-1:1997)
GB/T 17799.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Generic Standars - Immunity for Industrial Environments (GB/T 17799.2-2003, IEC 61000-6-2:1999, IDT)
GB 17799.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Generic Standards - Emission Standard for Residential, Commercial and Light-industrial Environments (GB 17799.3-2012, IEC 61000-6-3:2011, IDT)
GB 17799.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-4: Generic Standards - Emission Standard for Industrial Environments (GB 17799.4-2012, IEC 61000-6-4:2011, IDT)
GB/T 21226-2007 Semiconductor Convertors - Identification Code for Convertor Connections (IEC 60971:1989, IDT)
GB/T 21560.3 Low-voltage Power Supplies D.C. Output - Part 3: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) (GB/T 21560.3-2008, IEC 61204-3:2000, MOD)
IEC 60050-101:1998 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 101: Mathematics
IEC 60700-1 Thyristor Valves for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Power Transmission - Part 1: Electrical Testing
IEC 61000(All parts) Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
IEC 61204-7 Low Voltage Power Supplies DC Output - Part 7: Safety Requirements
IEC 61800-5-1 Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive Systems - Part 5-1: Safety Requirements - Electrical, Thermal and Energy
IEC 61800-5-2 Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive Systems - Part 5-2: Safety Requirements - Functional
IEC 61954 Power Electronics for Electrical Transmission and Distribution Systems - Testing of Thyristor Valves for Static-VAR Compensators
IEC/PAS 61975 High-voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Installations Systemtests
IEC 62103 Electronic Equipment for Use in Power Installations
IEC 62310-1 Static Transfer Systems (STS) - Part 1: General and Safety Requirements
IEC 62310-2 Static Transfer Systems (STS) - Part 2: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements
IEC 62477-1 Safety Requirements for Power Electronic Converter Systems and Equipment - Part 1: General
IEC 62589 Railway Applications - Fixed Installation - Harmonisation of the Rated Values for Converter Groups and Tests on Converter Groups
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions specified in GB/T 2900.33 and GB/T 3859.2 and those listed below apply. For the convenience of application, some terms and definitions in GB/T 2900.33 are repeatedly listed as follows.
3.1 Semiconductor Devices and Combinations
3.1.1
Semiconductor device
Device, the essential electric characteristics of which are due to the flow of charge carriers within one or more semiconductor materials.
[Definition 151-13-63 in GB/T 2900.83-2008]
3.1.2
Electronic (power) switch
An operative unit for electronic power switching comprising at least one controllable valve device
[Definition 551-13-01 in GB/T 2900.33-2004]
3.1.3
Semiconductor switch
An electronic power switch with semiconductor valve devices
[Definition 551-13-05 in GB/T 2900.33-2004]
Note: Similar terms are used for electronic switches or power controllers with specific electronic valve devices, for example thyristor controller, transistor switch.
3.1.4
Non-controllable valve device
Rectifier diode
A reverse blocking valve device, the current path of which conducts in its conducting direction without any control signal being applied
[Definition 551-14-04 in GB/T 2900.33-2004]
3.1.5
Thyristor
Bi-stable semiconductor device comprising three or more junctions which can be switched from the off-state to the on-state or vice versa.
[Definition 521-04-61 in GB/T 2900.66—2004]
Notes
1 Devices having only three layers but having switching characteristics similar to those of four layers thyristors may also be called thyristors.
2 The term "thyristor" is used as a generic term to cover the whole range of PNPN type devices. It may be used by itself for any member of the thyristor family when such use does not result in ambiguity or misunderstanding. In particular, the term "thyristor" is widely used for reverse blocking triode thyristor (formerly called "silicon controlled rectifier").
3.1.6
Reverse blocking triode thyristor
Three-terminal thyristor which for negative anode voltage does not switch, but exhibits a reverse blocking state.
[Definition 521-04-63 in GB/T 2900.66-2004]
3.1.7
Reverse conducting triode thyristor
Three-terminal thyristor which for negative anode voltage does not switch and conducts large currents at voltages comparable in magnitude to the forward on-state voltage.
[Definition 521-04-65 in GB/T 2900.66-2004]
3.1.8
Bidirectional triode thyristor
Triac
Three-terminal thyristor having substantially the same switching behavior in the first and third quadrants of the current-voltage characteristic.
Note: it is revised from the definition 521-04-67 in GB/T 2900.66-2004.
3.1.9
Gate turn off thyristor; GTO
Thyristor which can be switched from the on-state to the off-state and vice versa by applying control signals of appropriate polarity to the gate terminal.
[Definition 521-04-68 in GB/T 2900.66-2004]
3.1.10
Power transistor
Transistor which can be switched from the on-state to the off-state and vice versa by applying control signals of appropriate polarity to the base or gate terminal.
Contents
Foreword I
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
3.1 Semiconductor Devices and Combinations
3.2 Arms and Connections
3.3 Controllability of Converter Arms and Quadrants of Operation (on d.c. Side)
3.4 Commutation, Quenching and Commutation Circuit
3.5 Commutation Characteristics
3.6 Rated Values
3.7 Specific Voltages, Currents and Factors
3.8 Cooling
3.9 Operating Conditions Tolerances and Electromagnetic Compatibility
3.10 Harmonic Distortion
3.11 Insulation Co-ordination
3.12 Principal Letter Symbols and Subscripts
3.12.1 Principal Letter Symbols
3.12.2 Principal Subscripts
4 Type, Identification and Main Technical Parameters of Power Conversion Equipment
4.1 Type
4.1.1 Classification by Conversion Mode
4.1.2 Classification by Conversion Object
4.1.3 Classification by Turn-off Mode of Valve Device in Main Circuit
4.1.4 Classification by Connected DC System
4.1.5 Classification by Type of Valve Devices Used in Main Circuit
4.1.6 Classification by Application Field
4.2 Identification
4.2.1 Identification of Electrical Connection
4.2.2 Identification of Equipment Terminals and Conductor Terminations
4.2.3 Color of Conductors
4.2.4 Identification Code of Cooling Method
4.3 Main Technical Parameters
4.3.1 Rated Direct Current
4.3.2 Rated Direct Voltage
4.3.3 Rated Frequency
4.3.4 Rated Capacity
5 Basic Operation and Operating Conditions
5.1 Basic Operation
5.1.1 Commutation
5.1.2 Voltage of Line Commutated Converters
5.1.3 Voltage Characteristics and Transition Current
5.2 Disturbances and Compatibility
5.2.1 Immunity Performance Criteria
5.2.2 Form of Disturbance
5.2.3 Compatibility
5.3 Normal Operating Conditions
5.3.1 Environmental Conditions
5.3.2 Electric Conditions
5.3.3 Characteristics of the Load
6 Performance of Power Conversion Equipment and Assemblies
6.1 Electrical Connections of Main Circuit
6.1.1 Standard Design Converters
6.1.2 Special Design Converters
6.1.3 Connection Types
6.2 Calculation Factors
6.2.1 Basic Variables
6.2.2 Losses and Efficiency
6.2.3 Power Factor
6.2.4 Voltage Regulation
6.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility
6.3.1 Harmonics
6.3.2 Commutation Notch
6.3.3 Voltage Fluctuation
6.3.4 Other EMC Problems
6.3.5 Immunity
6.4 Rated Values
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Rated Output Voltage
6.4.3 Rated Current Values
6.5 Duty Classes
6.5.1 Principle
6.5.2 Selection of Duty Class and Rated Current Value
6.5.3 Particular Remarks for Double Converters
6.6 Other Performances
6.6.1 Audible Noise
6.6.2 Voltage Equilibrium
6.6.3 Current Equilibrium
6.6.4 Stability
6.6.5 Overcurrent Protection
6.6.6 Overvoltage Protection
6.6.7 Failure Detection
6.6.8 Safety Requirements
7 Tests for Valve Device Assemblies and Power Conversion Equipment
7.1 General
7.1.1 Test Methods
7.1.2 Kinds of Tests
7.1.3 Test Items
7.2 Insulation Tests
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Insulation Routine Tests of Power Conversion Equipment
7.2.3 Additional Test
7.3 Functional Test
7.3.1 Light Load Test and Functional Test
7.3.2 Rated Current Test
7.3.3 Over-current Capability Test
7.3.4 Measurement of the Inherent Voltage Regulation
7.3.5 Measurement of Ripple Voltage and Current
7.3.6 Measurement of Harmonic Currents
7.4 Losses, Temperature and Power Factor
7.4.1 Power Loss Determination for Assemblies and Equipment
7.4.2 Temperature Rise Test
7.4.3 Measurement of Power Factor
7.5 Checking of Auxiliaries and Control Equipment Performance
7.5.1 Checking of Auxiliaries
7.5.2 Checking of the Performance of Control Equipment
7.5.3 Checking of Protective Devices
7.5.4 Inspection of Cooling Equipment
7.6 EMC Tests
7.6.1 Immunity Test
7.6.2 Radio Frequency Radiated and Conducted Disturbance Tests
7.7 Measurement of Audible Noise and Additional Tests
7.8 Tolerances
8 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage
8.1 Marking
8.1.1 General
8.1.2 Nameplate
8.2 Packaging
8.3 Transportation
8.4 Storage
Appendix A (Normative) Harmonics and Interharmonics
Appendix B (Informative) Electrical environment - Short-circuit ratio
Appendix C (Normative) Protection against Electric Shock and Energy Hazards
Figure 1 Types of Commutation
Figure 2 Illustration of Angles
Figure 3 Voltage Regulation
Figure 4 A.C. Voltage Waveform
Figure B.1 Current Ratio and RSI of PCC, IPC and Installation
Figure B.2 Current Ratio and RSC of PCC, IPC and Installation
Table 1 Principal Letter Symbols
Table 2 Principal Subscripts
Table 3 Color of Conductors
Table 4 Identification Code of Cooling Medium or Heat Transfer Agent
Table 5 Identification Code of Circulation Method
Table 6 Rated Capacity of Converter and Rated Voltage on Line Side
Table 7 Performance Criteria
Table 8 Limit of Temperature of the Cooling Medium for Indoor Equipment
Table 9 Quality Grade of Cooling Water and Rated Voltage on Valve Side of its Applicable Converter and Conductivity
Table 10 Immunity Levels to Frequency and Voltage Amplitude for Stiff AC Voltage Connections
Table 11 Immunity Levels to Voltage Unbalance for Stiff AC Voltage Connections
Table 12 Immunity Levels to Voltage Waveform for Stiff AC Voltage Connections
Table 13 Electrical Connections and Calculation Factors
Table 14 Standard Duty Classes
Table 15 Examples of Load Cycles (Reference for Selection of Duty Class)
Table 16 Test Items
Table 17 Test Voltages for Equipment Directly Connected to Low Voltage Mains
Table 18 AC or DC Test Voltages for Equipment Directly Connected to High Voltage Mains
Table 19 Temperature Rise Limit of All Parts of Converter
Table 20 Tolerance
