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GB/T 34590 consists of the following parts under the general title Road Vehicles - Functional Safety:
——Part 1: Vocabulary;
——Part 2: Management of Functional Safety;
——Part 3: Concept Phase;
——Part 4: Product Development at the System Level;
——Part 5: Product Development at the Hardware Level;
——Part 6: Product Development at the Software Level;
——Part 7: Production and Operation;
——Part 8: Supporting Processes;
——Part 9: Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL)-oriented and Safety-oriented Analyses;
——Part 10: Guideline.
This part is Part 4 of GB/T 34590.
It is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009
It has been redrafted and modified in relation to ISO 26262-4:2011 Road Vehicles - Functional Safety - Part 4: Product Development at the System Level.
There are technical deviations between this part and ISO 26262-4:2011. The technical deviations, together with their justifications, are as follows:
——the application scope of this part is modified from "intended to be applied to safety-related systems that include one or more electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems and that are installed in series production passenger cars with a maximum gross vehicle mass up to 3 500kg" to "intended to be applied to safety-related systems that include one or more electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems and that are installed in series production passenger cars";
——in order to adapt to the technical conditions in China, adjustment on technical deviations has been made in "Normative References" of this part, which is mainly reflected in Chapter 2 "Normative References" and detailed as follows:
? ISO 26262-1:2011 is replaced with GB/T 34590.1-2017 which is modified in relation to international standard;
? ISO 26262-2:2011 is replaced with GB/T 34590.2-2017 which is modified in relation to international standard;
? ISO 26262-3:2011 is replaced with GB/T 34590.3-2017 which is modified in relation to international standard;
? ISO 26262-5:2011 is replaced with GB/T 34590.5-2017 which is modified in relation to international standard;
? ISO 26262-6:2011 is replaced with GB/T 34590.6-2017 which is modified in relation to international standard;
? ISO 26262-7:2011 is replaced with GB/T 34590.7-2017 which is modified in relation to international standard;
? ISO 26262-8:2011 is replaced with GB/T 34590.8-2017 which is modified in relation to international standard;
? ISO 26262-9:2011 is replaced with GB/T 34590.9-2017 which is modified in relation to international standard.
The following editorial changes present in this part:
——the introduction and its expression as well as Figure 1 of international standard are modified.
This part was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Automobiles of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 114).
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Introduction
ISO 26262 is prepared based on IEC 61508 to comply with needs specific to the application sector of electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems within road vehicles.
GB/T 34590 is the adaptation of ISO 26262 and applies to all activities during the safety lifecycle of safety-related systems comprised of electrical, electronic and software components.
Safety is one of the key issues of future automobile development. New functionalities not only in areas such as driver assistance, propulsion, in vehicle dynamics control and active and passive safety systems increasingly touch the domain of system safety engineering. Development and integration of these functionalities will strengthen the need for safe system development processes and the need to provide evidence that all reasonable system safety objectives are satisfied.
With the trend of increasing technological complexity, software content and mechatronic implementation, there are increasing risks from systematic failures and random hardware failures. GB/T 34590 includes guidance to avoid these risks by providing appropriate requirements and processes.
System safety is achieved through a number of safety measures, which are implemented in a variety of technologies (e.g. mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic, programmable electronic) and applied at the various levels of the development process. Although GB/T 34590 is concerned with functional safety of E/E systems, it provides a framework within which safety-related systems based on other technologies can be considered. GB/T 34590:
a) provides an automotive safety lifecycle (management, development, production, operation, service, decommissioning) and supports tailoring the necessary activities during these lifecycle phases;
b) provides an automotive-specific risk-based approach to determine integrity levels [Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASIL)];
c) uses ASILs to specify applicable requirements of GB/T 34590 so as to avoid unreasonable residual risk;
d) provides requirements for validation and confirmation measures to ensure a sufficient and acceptable level of safety being achieved;
e) provides requirements for relations with suppliers.
Functional safety is influenced by the development process (including such activities as requirements specification, design, implementation, integration, verification, validation and configuration), the production and service processes and by the management processes.
Safety issues are intertwined with common function-oriented and quality-oriented development activities and work products. GB/T 34590 addresses the safety-related aspects of development activities and work products.
Figure 1 shows the overall structure of this edition of GB/T 34590. GB/T 34590 is based upon a V-model as a reference process model for the different phases of product development. Within the figure:
——the shaded “V”s represent the interconnection between GB/T 34590.3-2017, GB/T 34590.4-2017, GB/T 34590.5-2017, GB/T 34590.6-2017 and GB/T 34590.7-2017;
——the specific clauses are indicated in the following manner: "m-n", where "m" represents the number of the particular part and "n" indicates the number of the clause within that part.
Example: "2-6" represents Chapter 6 of GB/T 34590.2-2017.
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Figure 1 Overview of GB/T 34590-2017
Road Vehicles - Functional Safely – Part 4: Product Development at the System Level
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 34590 specifies the requirements for product development at the system level for automotive applications, including the following:
——requirements for the initiation of product development at the system level;
——specification of the technical safety requirements;
——the technical safety concept;
——system design;
—— item integration and testing;
——safety validation;
——functional safety assessment;
——product release.
This standard is intended to be applied to safety-related systems that include one or more electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems and that are installed in series production passenger cars
This standard does not address unique E/E systems in special purpose vehicles such as vehicles designed for drivers with disabilities.
Systems and their components released for production, or systems and their components already under development prior to the publication date of this standard, are exempted from the scope. For further development or alterations based on systems and their components released for production prior to the publication of this standard, only the modifications will be developed in accordance with this standard.
This standard addresses possible hazards caused by malfunctioning behavior of E/E safety-related systems, including interaction of these systems. It does not address hazards related to electric shock, fire, smoke, heat, radiation, toxicity, flammability, reactivity, corrosion, release of energy and similar hazards, unless directly caused by malfunctioning behavior of E/E safety-related systems.
This standard does not address the nominal performance of E/E systems, even if dedicated functional performance standards exist for these systems (e.g. active and passive safety systems, brake systems, Adaptive Cruise Control).
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 34590.1-2017 Road Vehicles - Functional Safety - Part 1: Vocabulary (ISO 26262-1:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.2-2017 Road Vehicles - Functional Safety - Part 2: Management of Functional Safety (ISO 26262-2:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.3-2017 Road Vehicles - Functional Safety - Part 3: Concept Phase (ISO 26262-3:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.5-2017 Road Vehicles - Functional Safety - Part 5: Product Development at the Hardware Level (ISO 26262-5:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.6-2017 Road Vehicles - Functional Safety - Part 6: Product Development at the Software Level (ISO 26262-6:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.7-2017 Road Vehicles - Functional Safety - Part 7: Production and Operation (ISO 26262-7:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.8-2017 Road Vehicles - Functional Safety - Part 8: Supporting Processes (ISO 26262-8:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.9-2017 Road Vehicles - Functional Safety - Part 9: Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL)-oriented and Safety-oriented Analyses (ISO 26262-9:2011, MOD)
3 Terms, Definitions and Abbreviated Terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and abbreviated terms given in GB/T 34590.1-2017 apply.
4 Requirements
4.1 General Requirements
When claiming compliance with GB/T 34590-2017, each requirement shall be complied with, unless one of the following applies:
a) tailoring of the safety activities in accordance with GB/T 34590.2-2017 has been planned and shows that the requirement does not apply;
b) a rationale is available that the non-compliance is acceptable and the rationale has been assessed in accordance with GB/T 34590.2-2017.
Information marked as a “Note” or “Example” is only for guidance in understanding, or for clarification of the associated requirement, and shall not be interpreted as a requirement itself or as complete or exhaustive.
The results of safety activities are given as work products. “Prerequisites” are information which shall be available as work products of a previous phase. Given that certain requirements of a clause are ASIL-dependent or may be tailored, certain work products may not be needed as prerequisites.
“Further supporting information” is information that can be considered, but which in some cases is not required by GB/T 34590-2017 as a work product of a previous phase and which may be made available by external sources that are different from the persons or organizations responsible for the functional safety activities.
4.2 Interpretations of Tables
Tables are normative or informative depending on their context. The different methods listed in a table contribute to the level of confidence in achieving compliance with the corresponding requirement. Each method in a table is either
a) a consecutive entry (marked by a sequence number in the leftmost column, e.g. 1, 2, 3), or
b) an alternative entry (marked by a number followed by a letter in the leftmost column, e.g. 2a, 2b, 2c).
For consecutive entries, all methods shall be applied as recommended in accordance with the ASIL. If methods other than those listed are to be applied, a rationale shall be given that these fulfil the corresponding requirement.
For alternative entries, an appropriate combination of methods shall be applied in accordance with the ASIL indicated, independent of whether they are listed in the table or not. If methods are listed with different degrees of recommendation for an ASIL, the methods with the higher recommendation should be preferred. A rationale shall be given that the selected combination of methods complies with the corresponding requirement.
Note: a rationale based on the methods listed in the table is sufficient. However, this does not imply a bias for or against methods not listed in the table.
For each method, the degree of recommendation to use the corresponding method depends on the ASIL and is categorized as follows:
——“++” indicates that the method is highly recommended for the identified ASIL;
——“+” indicates that the method is recommended for the identified ASIL;
——“o” indicates that the method has no recommendation for or against its usage for the identified ASIL.
4.3 ASIL-dependent Requirements and Recommendations
The requirements or recommendations of each subclause shall be complied with for ASIL A, B, C and D, if not stated otherwise. These requirements and recommendations refer to the ASIL of the safety goal. If ASIL decomposition has been performed at an earlier stage of development, in accordance with GB/T 34590.9-2017, Chapter 5, the ASIL resulting from the decomposition shall be complied with.
If an ASIL is given in parentheses in GB/T 34590-2017, the corresponding subclause shall be considered as a recommendation rather than a requirement for this ASIL. This has no link with the parenthesis notation related to ASIL decomposition.
5 Initiation of Product Development at the System Level
5.1 Objectives
The objective of the initiation of the product development at the system level is to determine and plan the functional safety activities during the individual subphases of system development. This also includes the necessary supporting processes described in GB/T 34590.8-2017.
This planning of system-level safety activities will be included in the safety plan
5.2 General
The necessary activities during the development of a system are given in Figure 2. After the initiation of product development and the specification of the technical safety requirements, the system design is performed. During system design the system architecture is established, the technical safety requirements are allocated to hardware and software, and, if applicable, on other technologies. In addition, the technical safety requirements are refined and requirements arising from the system architecture are added, including the hardware-software interface (HSI). Depending on the complexity of the architecture, the requirements for subsystems can be derived iteratively. After their development, the hardware and software elements are integrated and tested to form an item that is then integrated into a vehicle. Once integrated at the vehicle level, safety validation is performed to provide evidence of functional safety with respect to the safety goals.
GB/T 34590.5-2017 and GB/T 34590.6-2017 describe the development requirements for hardware and software. This part applies to both the development of systems and subsystems. Figure 3 is an example of a system with multiple levels of integration, illustrating the application of this part, GB/T 34590.5-2017 and GB/T 34590.6-2017.
Note: Table A.1 of Annex A provides an overview of objectives, prerequisites and work products of the particular subphases of product development at the system level.
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms, Definitions and Abbreviated Terms
4 Requirements
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Interpretations of Tables
4.3 ASIL-dependent Requirements and Recommendations
5 Initiation of Product Development at the System Level
5.1 Objectives
5.2 General
5.3 Inputs to this Chapter
5.4 Requirements and recommendations
5.5 Work Products
6 Specification of the Technical Safety Requirements
6.1 Objectives
6.2 General
6.3 Inputs to this Chapter
6.4 Requirements and Recommendations
6.5 Work Products
7 System Design
7.1 Objectives
7.2 General
7.3 Inputs to this Chapter
7.4 Requirements and Recommendations
7.5 Work Products
8 Item Integration and Testing
8.1 Objectives
8.2 General
8.3 Inputs to this Chapter
8.4 Requirements and Recommendations
8.5 Work Products
9 Safety Validation
9.1 Objectives
9.2 General
9.3 Inputs to this Chapter
9.4 Requirements and Recommendations
9.5 Work Products
10 Functional Safety Assessment
10.1 Objectives
10.2 General
10.3 Inputs to this Chapter
10.4 Requirements and Recommendations
10.5 Work Products
11 Release for Production
11.1 Objectives
11.2 General
11.3 Inputs to this Chapter
11.4 Requirements and Recommendations
11.5 Work products
Annex A (Informative) Overview and Document Flow of Product Development at the System Level
Annex B (informative) Example Contents of Hardware-software Interface
Bibliography
道路車輛功能安全
第4部分:產品開發:系統層面
1范圍
GB/T 34590的本部分規定了車輛在系統層面產品開發的要求,包括:
——啟動系統層面產品開發;
——技術安全要求的定義;
——技術安全概念;
——系統設計;
——相關項集成和測試;
——安全確認;
——功能安全評估;及
——生產發布。
本標準適用于安裝在量產乘用車上的包含一個或多個電子電氣系統的與安全相關的系統。
本標準不適用于特殊用途車輛上特定的電子電氣系統,例如,為殘疾駕駛者設計的車輛。
本標準不適用于已經完成生產發布的系統及其組件或在本標準發布日期前開發的系統及其組件。對于在本標準發布前完成生產發布的系統及其組件進行進一步的開發或變更時,僅修改的部分需要按照本標準開發。
本標準針對由電子電氣安全相關系統的故障行為而引起的可能的危害,包括這些系統相互作用而 引起的可能的危害。本標準不針對與觸電、火災、煙霧、熱、輻射、毒性、易燃性、反應性、腐蝕性、能量釋放等相關的危害和類似的危害,除非危害是直接由電子電氣安全相關系統的故障行為而引起的。
本標準不針對電子電氣系統的標稱性能,即使這些系統(例如,主動和被動安全系統、制動系統、自 適應巡航系統)有專用的功能性能標準。
2規范性引用文件
下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 34590.1-2017 Road vehicles-Functional safety- Part 1:Vocabulary (ISO 26262-1:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.2-2017 Road vehicles-Functional safety- Part 2:Management of functional safety (ISO 26262-2:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.3-2017 Road vehicles-Functional safety-Part 3:Concept phase (ISO 26262-3:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.5-2017 Road vehicles-Functional safety-Part 5:Product development at the hardware level (ISO 26262-5:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.6-2017 Road vehicles-Functional safety- Part 6:Product development at the software level (ISO 26262-6:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.7-2017 Road vehicles-Functional safety- Part 7:Production and operation (ISO 26262-7:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.8-2017 Road vehicles-Functional safety- Part 8:Supporting processes (ISO 26262-8:2011, MOD)
GB/T 34590.9-2017 Road vehicles-Functional safety-Part 9:Automotive Safety Integrity Level(ASIL)-oriented and safety-oriented analyses (ISO 26262-9:2011, MOD)
3術語、定義和縮略語
GB/T 34590.1—2017界定的術語、定義和縮略語適用于本文件。
4要求
4.1 一般要求
如聲明滿足GB/T 34590—2017的要求時,應滿足每一個要求,除非有下列情況之一:
a)按照GB/T 34590.2—2017的要求,已經計劃了安全活動的剪裁并表明這些要求不適用;或
b)不滿足要求的理由存在且是可接受的,并且按照GB/T 34590.2—2017對該理由進行了評估。標有“注”或“示例”的信息僅用于輔助理解或闡明相關要求,不應作為要求本身且不具備完備性。將安全活動的結果作為工作成果。應具備上一階段工作成果作為“前提條件”的信息。如果章條的某些要求是依照ASIL定義的或可剪裁的,某些工作成果可不作為前提條件。
“支持信息”是可供參考的信息,但在某些情況下,GB/T 34590—2017不要求其作為上一階段的工作成果,并且可以是由不同于負責功能安全活動的人員或組織等外部資源提供的信息。
4.2表的詮釋
表屬于規范性表還是資料性表取決于上下文。在實現滿足相關要求時,表中列出的不同方法有助 于置信度水平。表中的每個方法是:
a)一個連續的條目(在最左側列以順序號標明,如1、2、3),或
b)一個選擇的條目(在最左側列以數字后加字母標明,如2a、2b、2c)。
對于連續的條目,全部方法應按照ASIL等級推薦予以使用。除了所列出的方法外,如果應用所列 出方法以外的其他方法,應給出滿足相關要求的理由。
對于選擇性的條目,應按照指定的ASIL等級,對這些方法進行適當的組合,不依賴于這些方法是否在表中列出。如果所列出的方法對于一個ASIL等級來說具有不同的推薦等級,宜采用具有較高推薦等級的方法。應給出所選的方法組合滿足相關要求的理由。
注:表中所列出的方法的理由是充分的。但是,這并不意味著有傾向性或對未列到表中的方法表示反對。
對于每種方法,應用相關方法的推薦等級取決于ASIL等級,分類如下:
——“ + + ”表示對于指定的ASIL等級,高度推薦該方法;
——“ + ”表示對于指定的ASIL等級,推薦該方法;
——“〇”表示對于指定的ASIL等級,不推薦也不反對該方法。
4.3基于ASIL等級的要求和建議
若無其他說明,對于ASIL A、B、C和D等級,應滿足每一子章條的要求或建議。這些要求和建議 參照安全目標的ASIL等級。如果在項目開發的早期對ASIL等級完成了分解,按照GB/T 34590.9— 2017第5章,應遵循分解后的ASIL等級。
如果GB/T 34590—2017中ASIL等級在括號中給出,則對于該ASIL等級,相應的子章條應被認為是推薦而非要求。這里的括號與ASIL等級分解無關。
5啟動系統層面產品開發
5.1目的
啟動系統層面產品開發的目的是確定并計劃系統開發各子階段過程中的功能安全活動,也包括在 GB/T 34590.8—2017中所描述的必要的支持過程。
系統層面安全活動的計劃包含在安全計劃中。
5.2總則
圖2給出了在系統開發過程中的必要活動。在啟動產品開發和定義技術安全要求后,進行系統設 計。在系統設計過程中建立系統架構,將技術安全要求分配給硬件和軟件,并且,如果適用,也可分配給其他技術。同時,細化技術安全要求,并添加來自系統架構的要求,包括軟硬件接口的要求。根據架構的復雜性,可以逐步得出子系統的要求。完成相關開發后,集成硬件和軟件要素并測試以形成一個相關項,然后,將該相關項集成在整車上。一旦在整車層面完成了系統集成,進行安全確認以提供與安全目標相關的功能安全證據。
GB/T 34590.5—2017和GB/T 34590.6—2017描述了軟硬件的開發要求。本部分適用于系統和 子系統的開發。圖3是具有多層集成的系統示例,闡明了如何應用本部分及GB/T 34590.5—2017和 GB/T 34590.6—2017。
注:附錄A中表A.1提供了對系統層面產品開發特定子階段的目的、前提條件和工作成果的概覽。
注:在圖中,GB/T 34590的各部分具體條款用以下方式來表示:“m-n”,其中“m”代表“部分”的編號和“n”表示“章”的編號,例如,“4-5”表示GB/T 34590第4部分的第5章。
圖2安全相關的相關項開發參考階段模型
注:在圖中,GB/T 34590的各部分具體條款用以下方式來表明:“m-n”,其中“m”代表“部分”的編號和“n”表示 “章”的編號,例如,“4-5”表示GB/T 34590的第4部分的第5章。
圖3系統層面產品開發示例
5.3本章的輸入
5.3.1前提條件
應具備下列信息:
——項目計劃(細化的),按照GB/T 34590.2—2017的6.5.2;
——安全計劃,按照GB/T 34590.3—2017的6.5.2;
——功能安全評估計劃,按照GB/T 34590.2—2017的6.5.4;及
——功能安全概念,按照GB/T 34590.3—2017的8.5.1。
5.3.2支持信息
可考慮下列信息:
——初步架構設想(來自外部);及
——相關項定義(參見GB/T 34590.3—2017的5.5)。
5.4要求和建議
5.4.1應制定系統層面產品開發的安全活動計劃,包括確定設計和集成過程中適當的方法和措施。
注:按照6.4.6C驗證和確認)和7.4.8C系統設計的驗證)的要求,設計過程中對驗證活動所做計劃的結果是安全計 劃的組成部分,而按照8.4.2(軟硬件集成和測試)、8.4.3(系統集成和測試)和8.4.4(整車集成和測試)制定的相關項集成和測試計劃在一個單獨相關項集成和測試計劃(按照8.4.1.3的要求)中進行描述。
5.4.2應制定確認活動的計劃。
5.4.3應制定系統層面產品開發的功能安全評估活動計劃(參見GB/T 34590.2—2017)。
注:GB/T 34590.2—2017附錄E提供了一個功能安全評估安排的示例。
5.4.4應按照GB/T 34590.2—2017的要求并基于圖2給出的參考階段模型,進行系統層面產品開發的生命周期剪裁。
注:項目計劃可用于提供系統層面產品開發各子階段和軟硬件開發階段的關系。這包括每個層面的集成步驟。
5.5工作成果
5.5.1項目計劃(細化的),由5.4.4的要求得出。
5.5.2安全計劃(細化的),由5.4.1?5.4.4的要求得出。
5.5.3相關項集成和測試計劃,由5.4.1的要求得出。
5.5.4確認計劃,由5.4.2的要求得出。
5.5.5功能安全評估計劃(細化的),由5.4.3的要求得出。
6技術安全要求的定義
6.1目的
該子階段的第一個目的是制定技術安全要求。技術安全需求規范同時考慮功能概念和初步的架構設想(參見GB/T 34590.3—2017),從而進一步細化功能安全概念。
第二個目的是通過分析來驗證技術安全要求是否符合功能安全要求。
6.2總則
在整個開發生命周期中,技術安全要求是實現功能安全概念必要的技術要求,目的是將相關項層面 的功能安全要求細化到系統層面的技術安全要求。
注:避免潛伏故障的要求,可在第一輪系統設計子階段之后引出。
6.3本章的輸入
6.3.1前提條件
應具備下列信息:
——功能安全概念,按照GB/T 34590.3—2017的8.5.1;及
——確認計劃,按照5.5.4。
6.3.2支持信息
可考慮下列信息:
——安全目標(參見GB/T 34590.3—2017的7.5.2);
——功能概念(來自外部,參見GB/T 34590.3—2017的5.4.1);及
——初步架構設想(來自外部,參見GB/T 34590.3—2017的8.3.2)。
6.4要求和建議
6.4.1技術安全要求的定義
6.4.1.1技術安全要求應根據功能安全概念、相關項的初步架構設想和如下系統特性來定義:
a) 外部接口,如通訊和用戶接口,如果適用;
b) 限制條件,例如環境條件或者功能限制;
c) 系統配置要求。
注:具有為選擇性用途而重新配置系統的能力是重復使用已有系統的一種策略。
示例:標定數據(參見GB/T 34590.6—2017附錄C)常用于定制不同車輛的發動機電子控制單元。
6.4.1.2應確保GB/T 34590.3—2017的8.3.2中的初步架構設想和本子階段中的初步架構設想的一致性。
6.4.1.3除按照6.4.1定義技術安全要求的那些功能外,如果其他功能或要求也由系統或其要素實現,則應定義這些功能或要求,或者標明其參考規范。
示例:其他要求來源于歐洲經濟委員會(ECE)法規,美國聯邦機動車安全標準(FMVSS)或者企業平臺策略。
6.4.1.4技術安全要求應定義系統間或相關項要素間,及相關項和其他系統間的安全相關的關聯性。
6.4.2安全機制
6.4.2.1技術安全要求應定義系統或要素對于影響實現安全目標的激勵的響應。這包括失效和相關的激勵組合,并與每個相關運行模式及規定的系統狀態進行組合。
示例:如果自適應巡航(ACC)的電控單元從制動系統電控單元收到車輛穩定性控制功能不可用的通知,它將會關閉ACC功能。
6.4.2.2技術安全要求應定義必要的安全機制(參見GB/T 34590.8—2017的第6章)包括:
a) 與系統自身故障相關的探測、指示和控制措施;
注1:包括系統或者要素的自身監控,用于探測隨機硬件故障,以及,如果適用,探測系統性失效。
注2:包括對通訊通道(例如:數據接口、通訊總線、無線射頻鏈接)失效模式的探測和控制的措施。
b) 涉及探測、指示和控制與本系統有相互影響的外部設備中所發生故障的措施;
示例:外部設備包括其他的電控單元、電源或者通訊設備。
c) 使系統實現或者維持在安全狀態下的措施;
注3:包括在安全機制沖突時的優先和仲裁邏輯。
d) 細化和執行報警和降級概念的措施;以及
e) 防止故障潛伏的措施[參見6.4.4(潛伏故障的避免)]。
注3:這些如同a)?d)的措施,通常與上電過程(運行前檢查),運行中,下電過程(運行后檢查)及作為維護的一部 分實施的測試相關。
6.4.2.3對于每個使相關項實現安全狀態或維持安全狀態的安全機制,應定義下列內容:
a) 向安全狀態的過渡;
注1:包括執行器的控制要求。
b) 故障容錯時間間隔;
注2:整車測試和試驗能夠用于確定故障容錯時間間隔。
c) 如果不能立即進入安全狀態時的緊急運行時間間隔;及
注3:整車測試和試驗能夠用于確定緊急運行時間間隔。
示例1:關閉系統可以是一種緊急運行。
d) 維持安全狀態的措施。
示例2: —個依賴于電源的線控制動應用的安全機制,可以包括定義備用電源或儲能設備(容量、啟動和運行時間等)。
6.4.3 ASIL 分解
如果在定義技術安全要求時進行ASIL分解,應根據GB/T 34590.9—2017第5章進行(與ASIL 剪裁相關的要求分解)。
6.4.4潛伏故障的避免
6.4.4.1按照4.3,此要求適用于ASIL(A)、(B)、C和D等級:如果適用,應定義防止故障潛伏的安全機制。
注1:就隨機故障而言,只有多點故障可能包含潛伏故障。
示例:車載測試是用于檢測潛伏故障的安全機制,它驗證在不同運行模式(例如上電、下電、運行或一個額外的測試模式)下組件的狀態。閥、繼電器或燈在上電時做的功能測試就是這類車載測試的例子。
注2:識別是否需要防止故障潛伏的安全措施的評估標準來源于好的工程實踐。GB/T 34590.5—2017第8章給出的潛伏故障度量,提供了評估的標準。
6.4.4.2按照4.3,此要求適用于ASIL(A)、(B)、C和D等級:為了避免多點失效,應為每個按照6.4.4 (潛伏故障的避免)執行的安全機制定義多點失效探測時間間隔。
6.4.4.3按照4.3,此要求適用于ASIL(A)、(B)、C和D等級:為確定多點故障探測時間間隔,宜考慮下列參數:
a) 硬件組件的可靠性,并考慮其在架構中的角色;
b) 相關危害事件的暴露概率;
c) 定義的量化目標值,表征由于硬件隨機失效而違背各安全目標的最大可能性(參見要求7.4.4.3);及
d) 相關安全目標分配的ASIL等級。
注:下列措施的使用依賴于時間限制:
——系統或要素在運行過程中的周期性測試;
——要素在上下電時的車載測試;及
——系統或要素在維護時的測試。
6.4.4.4按照4.3,此要求適用于ASIL(A)、(B)、C和D等級:用于防止雙點故障變成潛伏故障的安全 機制的開發應符合:
a) ASIL B(對于分配為ASIL D的技術安全要求);
b) ASIL A(對于分配為ASIL B和ASIL C的技術安全要求);及
c) 工程判斷(對于分配為ASIL A的技術安全要求)。
6.4.5生產、運行、維護和報廢
應定義在GB/T 34590.7—2017中所表述的生產、運行、維護、維修和報廢期間的關于相關項或其 要素的功能安全的技術安全要求。
注:有兩個方面確保了生產、運行、維護、維修和報廢期間的安全。第一個方面涉及到在6.4.5和7.4.7的要求(對 生產、運行、服務和報廢的要求)中所給出的開發階段期間執行的那些活動,而第二個方面涉及到在 GB/T 34590.7—2017中描述的生產和運行階段期間執行的那些活動。
6.4.6驗證和確認
6.4.6.1技術安全要求應按照GB/T 34590.8—2017第9章來驗證,以提供證據證明它們:
a) 與功能安全概念的符合性和一致性;及
b) 與初步架構設計設想的符合性。
6.4.6.2應基于技術安全要求細化相關項的安全確認標準。
注:系統確認計劃和系統確認規范是與技術安全要求并行開發的(參見第9章)。
6.5工作成果
6.5.1技術安全需求規范,由6.4.1?6.4.5的要求得出。
6.5.2系統驗證報告,由6.4.6的要求得出。
6.5.3確認計劃(細化的),由6.4.6.2的要求得出。
7系統設計
7.1目的
該子階段的第一個目的是進行系統設計和技術安全概念開發,以滿足相關項的功能要求和技術安全需求規范。
該子階段的第二個目的是驗證系統設計和技術安全概念滿足技術安全需求規范。
7.2總則
系統設計和技術安全概念的開發是基于功能安全概念的技術安全需求規范。如果系統由子系統構成,這個子階段可以迭代使用。
進行系統架構的開發以實現功能安全要求、技術安全要求和非安全相關要求。因此,在該子階段,用同一個開發流程來處理安全相關和非安全相關的要求。
7.3本章的輸入
7.3.1前提條件
應具備下列信息:
——相關項集成和測試計劃,按照5.5.3;及
——技術安全需求規范,按照6.5.1。
7.3.2支持信息
可考慮下列信息:
——初步架構設想(來自外部,參見GB/T 34590.3—2017的8.3.2);
——功能概念(來自外部);及
——功能安全概念(參見GB/T 34590.3—2017的8.5.1)。
7.4要求和建議
7.4.1系統設計規范和技術安全概念
7.4.1.1系統設計應基于功能概念、初步架構設想和技術安全要求。應保證在GB/T 34590.3—2017 的8.3.2中的初步架構設想和這個子階段中的初步架構設想的一致性。
7.4.1.2技術安全要求應分配給系統設計要素。
7.4.1.3系統設計應實現技術安全要求。
7.4.1.4與實現技術安全要求相關,在系統設計中應考慮:
a)驗證系統設計的能力;
b)與實現功能安全相關的預期的軟硬件設計的技術能力;及
c)系統集成中執行測試的能力。
7.4.2系統架構約束條件
7.2.1系統和子系統架構應滿足它們各自ASIL等級的技術安全要求。
7.4.2.2每個要素應繼承來自它所執行的技術安全要求的最高ASIL等級。
7.4.2.3如果一個要素由指應為不同ASIL等級的子要素組成,或由非安全相關子要素和安全相關子要素組成,則它們中的每個應按照最高的ASIL等級來處理,除非它們滿足按照GB/T 34590.9—2017第6章所定義的共存標準。
7.4.2.4應定義安全相關要素的內部和外部接口,以避免其他素對安全相關要素有不利于安全的影響。
7.4.2.5如果在系統設計期間對安全要求應用了ASIL等級分解,應按照GB/T 34590.9—2017第5章進行。
7.4.3避免系統性失效的指施
7.4.3.1對系統設計進行安全分析以識別系統性失效的原因和系統性故障的影響,應按照表1和GB/T 34590.9—2017第8章進行。
表1 系統設計分析
方法 ASIL等級
A B C D
1 演繹分析a o + ++ ++
2 歸納分析b ++ ++ ++ ++
a 演繹分析方法包括故障樹分析(FTA)、可靠性框圖、魚骨圖。
b 歸納分析方法包括失效模式與影響分析(FMEA)、事件樹分析(ETA)、馬爾科夫(Markov)模型。
注1:這些分析的目的是幫助設計。因此在該階段,定性分析可能是足夠的。如果有必要,可以采用定量分析。
注2:在足以識別或排除系統性失效的原因和影響的細節層面上進行分析。
7.4.3.2應消除已識別出的引起系統性失效的內部原因,或減輕它們的影響。
7.4.3.3應消除已識別出的引起系統性失效的外部原因,或減輕它們的影響。
7.4.3.4為減少系統性失效,宜應用值得信賴的汽車系統設計原則。這些原則可能包括:
a)值得信賴的技術安全概念的再利用;
b)值得信賴的要素設計的再利用,包括硬件和軟件組件;
c)值得信賴的探測和控制失效的機制的再利用;
d)值得信賴的或標準化接口的再利用。
7.4.3.5為了確保值得信賴的設計原則或要素在新相關項中的適用性,應分析其應用結果,以及應在再利用之前檢查其基本設想。
注:影響分析包括確定的診斷、環境限制、時序限制的能力和可行性,確定資源的兼容性,以及系統設計的魯棒性。