GB/T 31487.1-2015 Direct current de-icing devices—Part 1: System design and application guide
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 31487 specifies the basic requirements for the system design and application of DC de-icing device, including the design, functional performance, test, technical requirements of main equipment, operation and maintenance of DC de-icing device, etc.
This part is applicable to DC de-icing devices based on thyristors for AC transmission lines of 500 kV and below. It may also serve as a reference for DC de-icing devices based on other voltage levels and other power components.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 311.1 Insulation co-ordination - Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules
GB/T 311.2 Insulation co-ordination - Part 2: Application guide
GB/T 1094.6 Power transformers - Part 6: Reactors
GB 1984 High-voltage alternating-current circuit-breakers
GB 1985 High-voltage alternating-current disconnectors and earthing switches
GB 3096 Environmental quality standard for noise
GB/T 11022 Common specifications for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear standards
GB/T 11024.1 Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above 1000V - Part 1: General
GB 12348-2008 Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary
GB/T 14549 Quality of electric energy supply - Harmonics in public supply network
GB/T 15291 Semiconductor devices - Part 6: Thyristors
GB/T 15543 Power quality - Three-phase voltage unbalance
GB/T 15945 Power quality - Frequency deviation for power system
GB/T 18494.2 Convertor transformers - Part 2: Transformers for HVDC applications
GB 20840.2 Instrument transformers - Part 2: Additional requirements for current transformers
GB/T 20990.1 Thyristor valves for high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission - Part 1: Electrical testing
GB/T 20994 Shunt capacitors and AC filter capacitors for HVDC transmission systems
GB/T 22389 Guidelines of metal oxide surge arresters without gaps for HVDC converter stations
GB/T 25092 Dry-type air-core smoothing reactors for HVDC applications
GB/T 26216.1 DC current measuring device for HVDC transmission system - Part 1: Electronic DC current measuring device
GB/T 26217 DC voltage measuring device for HVDC transmission system
GB/T 29629 Water cooling equipment for static var compensators
GB 50060 Code for design of high voltage electrical installation (3~110kV)
GB 50147 Erection works of electrical installations - Code for construction and acceptance of high voltage appliance
GB 50227 Code for design of installation of shunt capacitors
GB 50545-2010 Code for design of 110k V~750kV overhead transmission line
IEC 61803 Determination of power losses in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations with line-commutated converters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
DC de-icing
eliminating line icing by applying direct current to the conducting wire or ground wire of the icing transmission line based on the heating effect of the current
3.2
DC de-icing device
device that provides a stable and adjustable direct current for the iced transmission line and heats the line for de-icing
3.3
DC de-icing system
system composed of DC de-icing device, power distribution device and de-icing line
3.4
sub-system
relatively independent components that make up the DC de-icing device, such as thyristor valves, cooling, filtering, control, protection, etc.
3.5
“one phase to one phase” de-icing mode
de-icing connection mode in which two-phase conducting wires are connected in series to form direct current circuit
Note: It is also known as “1-1” de-icing mode
3.6
“one phase to two phase” de-icing mode
de-icing connection mode in which two-phase conducting wires are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the third phase conductor to form direct current circuit
Note: It is also known as “1-2” de-icing mode
3.7
minimum de-icing current
critical current for melting the ice on the conducting wire, overhead earth wire or OPGW within a certain time, which is related to environmental conditions (temperature, wind speed, humidity), icing thickness, de-icing time, etc.
3.8
maximum de-icing current
maximum allowable current in the de-icing circuit for the purpose of ensuring the safety of equipment in the de-icing circuit, which is related to environmental conditions (temperature, wind speed, humidity), icing conditions, de-icing time, etc.
3.9
design de-icing current
current value used to ensure complete detachment of ice on the conducting wire, overhead ground wire, or OPGW within the expected time, which is the product of the minimum de-icing current and the reliability coefficient (usually taken as 1.1), and is related to environmental conditions (temperature, wind speed, humidity), ice thickness, and de-icing time
3.10
rated input voltage of DC de-icing device
Rated AC voltage of the DC de-icing device connected to the power supply side
3.11
rated output current of DC de-icing device
maximum direct current that can be continuously and stably output by the DC de-icing device under specified service conditions
3.12
rated output voltage of DC de-icing device
maximum DC voltage that can be continuously and stably output by the DC de-icing device under the specified service conditions
?
3.13
rated output power of DC de-icing device
maximum DC power that can be continuously and stably output by the DC de-icing device under specified service conditions
3.14
minimum operation current of DC de-icing device
minimum direct current without interruption that can be stably output by the DC de-icing device for a long time under the specified service conditions, which is mainly determined by the converter type of the DC de-icing device and the inductance value in the de-icing circuit
3.15
large angle and high current operation
operation mode in which DC de-icing device outputs rated direct current output and the firing angle is approximately 90°
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Design conditions
4.1 De-icing lines
4.2 Substations equipped with DC de-icing devices
5 System design
5.1 Basic requirements
5.2 Rated parameters on the DC side of DC de-icing device
5.3 Connection mode of DC de-icing device to AC side
5.4 Structure type of DC de-icing device
5.5 Overvoltage protection and insulation coordination of DC de-icing device
5.6 Connection between DC de-icing device and de-icing line
5.7 Installation
5.8 Fire prevention and ventilation
6 Functional performance requirements of DC de-icing device
6.1 General requirements
6.2 Requirements of control function
6.3 Equivalent test requirements
6.4 Fault types and protection function requirements
6.5 Harmonic performance
6.6 Loss
6.7 Audible noise
6.8 Radio interference
7 Technical requirements for main equipment
7.1 Thyristor valve
7.2 Cooling equipment
7.3 Converter transformer
7.4 Smoothing reactors and commutation reactors
7.5 Valve reactor (if any)
7.6 Control and protection devices
7.7 AC side filter
7.8 DC voltage measuring equipment and DC current measuring equipment
7.9 DC side isolating switches and de-icing switches
7.10 DC side arrester
7.11 Other auxiliary equipment
8 Study on operation mode of de-icing
9 Operation and maintenance of DC de-icing device
Annex A (Informative) Calculation method and reference value of de-icing current of overhead lines
Annex B (Informative) Calculation method and reference value of maximum allowable current for de-icing of overhead lines
Annex C (Informative) Main circuit types of DC de-icing device
Annex D (Informative) DC de-icing switch and temporary wiring scheme
Annex E (Informative) DC de-icing process with de-icing switches on both sides of de-icing line
Annex F (Informative) Typical protection configuration of DC de-icing device
直流融冰裝置
第1部分：系統設計和應用導則
1 范圍
GB/T 31487的本部分規定了直流融冰裝置系統設計和應用的基本要求，包括直流融冰裝置的設計、功能性能、試驗、主要設備技術要求、運行和維護等。
本部分適用于500 kV及以下交流輸電線路的基于晶閘管的直流融冰裝置，其他電壓等級和基于其他功率器件的直流融冰裝置可參照本部分。
2 規范性引用文件
下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本文件。
GB 311.1 絕緣配合 第1部分：定義、原則和規則
GB/T 311.2 絕緣配合 第2部分：使用導則
GB/T 1094.6 電力變壓器 第6部分：電抗器
GB 1984 高壓交流斷路器
GB 1985 高壓交流隔離開關和接地開關
GB 3096 聲環境質量標準
GB/T 11022 高壓開關設備和控制設備標準的共用技術要求
GB/T 11024.1 標稱電壓1000 V以上交流電力系統用并聯電容器 第1部分：總則
GB 12348—2008 工業企業廠界環境噪聲排放標準
GB/T 14549 電能質量 公用電網諧波
GB/T 15291 半導體器件 第6部分 晶閘管
GB/T 15543 電能質量 三相電壓不平衡
GB/T 15945 電能質量 電力系統頻率偏差
GB/T 18494.2 變流變壓器 第2部分：高壓直流輸電用換流變壓器
GB 20840.2 互感器 第2部分：電流互感器的補充技術要求
GB/T 20990.1 高壓直流輸電晶閘管閥 第1部分：電氣試驗
GB/T 20994 高壓直流輸電系統用并聯電容器及交流濾波電容器
GB/T 22389 高壓直流換流站無間隙金屬氧化物避雷器導則
GB/T 25092 高壓直流輸電用干式空心平波電抗器
GB/T 26216.1 高壓直流輸電系統直流電流測量裝置 第1部分：電子式直流測量裝置
GB/T 26217 高壓直流輸電系統直流電壓測量裝置
GB/T 29629 靜止無功補償裝置水冷卻設備
GB 50060 3～110 kV高壓配電裝置設計規程
GB 50147 電氣裝置安裝工程 高壓電器施工及驗收規范
GB 50227 并聯電容器裝置設計規范
GB 50545—2010 110 kV～750 kV架空輸電線路設計規范
IEC 61803 采用電網換相換流器的高壓直流（HVDC）換流站站功率損耗的確定（Determination of power losses in high-voltage direct current （HVDC） converter stations with line-commutated converters）
3 術語和定義
下列術語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
直流融冰 DC de-icing
對覆冰輸電線路導線或地線施加直流電流，利用電流加熱效應消除線路覆冰。
3.2
直流融冰裝置 DC de-icing device
為覆冰輸電線路提供穩定且可調的直流電流，對線路加熱以使覆冰融化的裝置。
3.3
直流融冰系統 DC de-icing system
由直流融冰裝置、電源配電裝置和融冰線路等組成的系統。
3.4
子系統 sub-system
組成直流融冰裝置的功能相對獨立的各個部分，例如晶閘管閥、冷卻、濾波、控制、保護等。
3.5
“一相對一相”融冰方式 “one phase to one phase” de-icing mode
線路兩相導線串聯形成直流電流回路的融冰接線方式。
注：也稱“1-1”融冰方式。
3.6
“一相對兩相”融冰方式 “one phase to two phase” de-icing mode
線路兩相導線并聯后和第三相導線串聯形成直流電流回路的融冰接線方式。
注：也稱“1-2”融冰方式。
3.7
最小融冰電流 minimum de-icing current
在確定的時間內使導線、架空地線或光纖復合地線（OPGW）上覆冰融化的臨界電流，與環境條件（溫度、風速、濕度）、覆冰厚度、融冰時間等相關。
3.8
最大融冰電流 maximum de-icing current
為保證融冰時融冰回路中設備的安全，融冰回路中允許通過的最大電流，與環境條件（溫度、風速、濕度）、覆冰情況、融冰時間等相關。
3.9
設計融冰電流 design de-icing current
為保證導線、架空地線或光纖復合地線（OPGW）上覆冰在預期時間內完全脫落采用的電流值，為最小融冰電流值與可靠系數（一般取1.1）的乘積，與環境條件（溫度、風速、濕度）、覆冰厚度、融冰時間等相關。
3.10
直流融冰裝置額定輸入電壓 rated input voltage of DC de-icing device
直流融冰裝置接入電源側的額定交流電壓。
3.11
直流融冰裝置額定輸出電流 rated output current of DC de-icing device
在規定的使用條件下，直流融冰裝置能持續且穩定輸出的最大直流電流。
3.12
直流融冰裝置額定輸出電壓 rated output voltage of DC de-icing device
在規定的使用條件下，直流融冰裝置能持續且穩定輸出的最大直流電壓。
3.13
直流融冰裝置額定輸出功率 rated output power of DC de-icing device
在規定的使用條件下，直流融冰裝置能持續且穩定輸出的最大直流功率。
3.14
直流融冰裝置最小運行電流 minimum operation current of DC de-icing device
在規定的使用條件下，直流融冰裝置能長時間穩定輸出的不出現斷續的最小直流電流，主要由直流融冰裝置換流器型式和融冰回路中電感值決定。
3.15
大角度大電流運行 large angle and high current operation
直流融冰裝置輸出額定直流電流且觸發角近似90°的運行方式。
3.16
開路試驗 open line test
直流側開路，將直流輸出電壓升至設定值，檢查直流融冰裝置等設備的直流電壓控制功能和電壓承受能力。
注：也稱空載加壓試驗或空載升壓試驗。
3.17
零功率試驗 zero power test
直流融冰裝置直流側經電抗器短接，將直流電流升至設定值，檢查直流融冰裝置直流電流控制功能及電流承受能力。
3.18
工頻感應電壓 induced voltage of power frequency
在融冰期間，鄰近運行的交流線路在直流融冰回路中感應出的工頻電壓。
3.19
工頻感應電流 induced current of power frequency
在融冰期間，鄰近運行的交流線路在直流融冰回路中感應出的工頻電流。
3.20
均流系數 coefficient of current distribution
直流融冰裝置晶閘管閥采用雙橋并聯型式時，并聯運行支路電流的平均值與最大支路電流值之比。
4 設計條件
4.1 融冰線路
主要包括：
a）電壓等級（kV）；
b）導線型式、長度（km）、直流電阻（Ω）、電感（H）、電容（F）等；
c）架空地線和/或光纖復合地線（OPGW）型式、長度（km）、直流電阻（Ω）、電感（H）、電容（F）等；
d）線路最大覆冰厚度（mm）；
e）串聯在融冰回路中的線路阻波器、隔離開關、斷路器、電流互感器等設備的參數；
f）與融冰回路并聯的高壓并聯電抗器、電壓互感器等設備的參數；
g）與融冰線路同塔、平行或交叉跨越線路情況，主要包括線路電壓等級、導線型式和平行段長度等；
h）融冰線路上安裝的其他設備的參數；
i）直流融冰裝置應滿足變電站的融冰需求，包括規劃線路和可能串聯融冰的線路。
4.2 配置直流融冰裝置的變電站
4.2.1 環境條件
主要包括：
a）海拔（m）；
b）年均降水量（mm）；
c）最大月降水量（mm）；
d）年平均環境溫度（℃）；
e）最高環境溫度（℃）；
f）最低環境溫度（℃）；
g）年平均相對濕度（％）；
h）最大相對濕度（％）；
i）最大地面積雪厚度（mm）；
j）最大結霜厚度（mm）；
k）凍土層厚度（m）；
l）年平均風速（m/s）；
m）年最大風速（m/s）；
n）地震震級（級）；
o）年平均雷暴日數（d/a）；
p）污穢等級及鹽密（ESDD）（級、mg/cm2）；
