標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編號(hào):	GB/T 25684.5-2021
中文名稱:	土方機(jī)械 安全 第5部分：液壓挖掘機(jī)的要求
英文名稱:	Earth-moving machinery—Safety—Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators
中標(biāo)分類(lèi):	P97    建筑工程施工機(jī)械
行業(yè)分類(lèi):	GB    國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
ICS分類(lèi):	53.100 53.100    土方機(jī)械 53.100
發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu):	國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局 國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)
發(fā)布日期:	2021-12-31
實(shí)施日期:	2022-7-1
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài):	valid
替代舊標(biāo)準(zhǔn):	GB 25684.5-2010 土方機(jī)械 安全 第5部分：液壓挖掘機(jī)的要求
翻譯語(yǔ)言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符數(shù):	21000 字
翻譯價(jià)格(元):	1470.0
交付時(shí)間:	付款后 1 個(gè)工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents. This document is part 5 of GB/T 25684 under the general title of Earth-moving machinery - Safety. The following parts of GB/T 25684 have been issued: ——Part 1: General requirements; ——Part 2: Requirements for dozers; ——Part 3: Requirements for loaders; ——Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders; ——Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators; ——Part 6: Requirements for dumpers; ——Part 7: Requirements for scrapers; ——Part 8: Requirements for graders; ——Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers; ——Part 10: Requirements for trenchers; ——Part 11: Requirements for landfill compactors; ——Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators; ——Part 13: Requirements for rollers. This document replaces GB/T 25684.5-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators. In addition to structural adjustment and editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 25684.5-2010: a) The provisions of the channel are deleted (see 4.2 of Edition 2010); b) The provisions of the minimum activity space is deleted (see 4.3.1 of Edition 2010); c) The provisions of the operator protective guard are changed (see 4.2.1.1, 4.3.2.1 of Edition 2010); d) The provisions of roll-over protective structures (ROPS) and tip-over protective structures (TOPS) are changed (see 4.2.1.2, 4.3.2.2 of Edition 2010); e) The protection of the log shipping condition is deleted (see 4.3.2.3 of Edition 2010); f) The provisions of the operator’s seat are changed (see 4.2.1.3, 4.3.3 of Edition 2010); g) The provisions of the rear window defrosting system are changed (see 4.2.2, 4.3.4 of Edition 2010); h) The provisions of the swing brakes are changed (see 4.4, 4.5 of Edition 2010); i) The provisions of stability and safety devices are changed (see 4.5, 4.6 of Edition 2010); j) The provisions of the parking brake of small crawler excavators are deleted (see 4.7 of Edition 2010); k) The regulations of the export of walking excavators are deleted (see 4.8.1.3 of Edition 2010); l) The provisions of the bucket applications are changed (see 4.6.4.2, 4.8.4.2 of Edition 2010); m) The provisions of the object-handling applications are added (see 4.6.4.3); n) The provisions of the verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures are deleted (see Clause 5 of Edition 2010); o) The provisions of the information for use are changed (see Clause 5, Clause 6 of Edition 2010); p) The requirements for excavator swing brakes are changed (see Appendix A, Appendix B of Edition 2010). This part is identical to ISO 20474-5:2017 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document was proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation. This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Earth-moving Machine of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 334). This document was firstly issued as GB 25684.5-2010 in 2010, and this edition is the first revision. Introduction This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document. When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C standard. GB/T 25684 Earth-moving machinery - safety is a basic and universal standard that guides my country's earth-moving machinery products to meet relevant safety requirements. GB/T 25684 aims to establish general safety requirements applicable to earth-moving machinery products and special safety requirements for specific machine families. It is planned to be composed of 14 parts. ——Part 1: General requirements. The purpose is to establish general safety requirements applicable to all machine types in the earthmoving machinery industry, which is the basic standard of the safety series. ——Part 2: Requirements for dozers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements in line with the unique characteristics of bulldozer products. ——Part 3: Requirements for loaders. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of loader products. ——Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements in line with the unique characteristics of backhoe loader products. ——Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of hydraulic excavators. ——Part 6: Requirements for dumpers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements in line with the unique characteristics of dump truck products. ——Part 7: Requirements for scrapers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of scraper products. ——Part 8: Requirements for graders. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of motor graders. ——Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of the pipelayer products. ——Part 10: Requirements for trenchers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of trencher products. ——Part 11: Requirements for landfill compactors. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements in line with the unique characteristics of backfill compactor products. ——Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of mechanical excavator products products. ——Part 13: Requirements for rollers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements in line with the unique characteristics of road roller products. ——Part 14: Requirements for small implement carriers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of small implement carrier products. The safety requirements of Part 2 ~ Part 14 are used in conjunction with the general requirements of Part 1 in order to better meet the requirements of use. Earth-moving machinery - Safety Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators 1 Scope This document gives the safety requirements specific to hydraulic excavators as defined in ISO 6165. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth- moving machinery within its scope (see GB/T 25684.1-2021, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. It is intended to be used in conjunction with GB/T 25684.1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of GB/T 25684.1. This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 8419-2007 Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration (ISO 7096:2000, IDT) GB/T 17771-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Falling-object protective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements (ISO 3449:2005, IDT) GB/T 25684.1-2021 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements (ISO 20474-1:2017, IDT) ISO 3471 Earth moving machinery - Rollover protective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements Note: GB/T 17922-2014, Earth-moving machinery - Roll-over protective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements (ISO 3471:2008, IDT) ISO 6165 Earth-moving machinery - Basic types - Identification and terms and definitions Note: GB/T 8498-2017, Earth-moving machinery - Basic types - Identification and terms and definitions (ISO 6165:2012, IDT) ISO 6682 Earth moving machinery - Zones of comfort and reach for controls Note: GB/T 21935-2008, Earth-moving machinery - Zones of comfort and reach for controls (ISO 6682:1986/Amd.1:1989, IDT) ISO 6683 Earth-moving machinery - Seat belts and seat belt anchorages - Performance requirements and tests Note: GB/T 17921-2010, Earth-moving machinery - Seat belts and seat belt anchorages - Performance requirements and tests (ISO 6683:2005, MOD) ISO 7135 Earth moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Terminology and commercial specifications Note: GB/T 6572-2014, Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Terminology and commercial specifications (ISO 7135:2009, IDT) ISO 7451 Earth-moving machinery - Volumetric ratings for hoe-type and grab-type buckets of hydraulic excavators and backhoe loaders Note: GB/T 21941-2008, Earth-moving machinery - Volumetric ratings for hoe-type and grab-type buckets of hydraulic excavators and backhoe loaders (ISO 7451:2007, IDT) ISO 7546 Earth-moving machinery - Loader and front loading excavator buckets - Volumetric ratings Note: GB/T 21942-2008, Earth-moving machinery - Loader and front loading excavator buckets - Volumetric ratings (ISO 7546:1983, MOD) ISO 8643 Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader lowering control device - Requirements and tests Note: GB/T 21938-2021, Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader lowering control device - Requirements and tests (ISO 8643:2017, IDT) ISO 10262 Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards Note: GB/T 19932-2005, Earth-moving machinery -- Hydraulic excavators - -Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards (ISO10262:1998, MOD) ISO 10567 Earth moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Lift capacity Note: GB/T 13331-2014, Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Lift capacity (ISO 10567:2007, IDT) ISO 12117 Earth-moving machinery - Tip-over protection structure (TOPS) for compact excavators - Laboratory tests and performance requirements Note: GB/T 19930-2005, Earth-moving machinery -- Tip-Over Protection Structure(TOPS) for compact excavators -- Laboratory tests and performance requirements (ISO 12117:1997, MOD) ISO 12117-2:2008/Amd 1:2016 Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory tests and performance requirements for protective structures of excavators - Part 2: Roll-over protective structures(ROPS) for excavators of over 6t Note: GB/T 19930.2-2014, Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory tests and performance requirements for protective structures of excavators - Part 2: Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for excavators of over 6t (ISO 12117-2:2008, IDT) ISO 20474-1 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements Note: GB/T 25684.1-2021, Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements (ISO 20474-1:2017, IDT) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20474-1, ISO 6165 and ISO 7135, and the following apply. 3.1 excavator hydraulic excavator self-propelled machine on crawlers, wheels or legs, having an upper structure normally capable of a 360° swing with mounted equipment, primarily designed for excavating with bucket, without moving the undercarriage during the work cycle Note 1: An excavator work cycle normally comprises excavating, elevating, swinging and the discharging of material. Note 2: An excavator can also be used for object or material handling/transportation. Note 3: Unless specifically identified as a cable excavator, an excavator is commonly referred to as a hydraulic excavator. Note 4: See Annex B for illustrations. [SOURCE: GB/T 8498-2017, 4.4, modified] 3.1.1 compact excavator excavator (3.1) with an operating mass 6,000 kg or less Note: See Annex B for illustrations. [SOURCE: GB/T 8498-2017, 4.4.4, modified] 3.1.2 walking excavator excavator with three or more supporting legs which can be articulated, telescopic or both and which can be fitted with wheels Note: See Annex B for an illustrations. [SOURCE: GB/T 8498-2017, 4.4.2, modified] 3.2 extra-long reach equipment application application of hydraulic excavator (3.1) equipped with extra-long reach equipment Note: Extra-long reach equipment application includes the following: ——extra-long front equipment application consisting of an extra-long boom and an extra-long arm with lighter duty bucket for extra wide working range purpose; ——telescopic arm application; ——-telescopic arm with clamshell bucket application; ——extra-long front equipment demolition application consisting of an extra-long boom (multi-booms), extra- long arm and demolition attachment. 3.3 material handling moving of scrap and loose bulk material, e.g. scrap iron, demolition debris and mulch 3.4 material handling excavator hydraulic excavator (3.1) purpose-built for material handling and typically equipped with an elevated (fixed or movable) operator station 3.5 demolition application demolishing by pushing or pulling, or fragmenting by crushing or shearing, buildings or other civil engineering structures and their component parts 3.6 swing rotation of the upper structure of an excavator in relation to a fixed reference frame on the ground 3.7 working swing revolution speed turntable-swing speed, reached in a 180° revolution of the upper structure with maximum rotation command input starting from a still position Note: It is expressed in revolutions per minute (r/m). 3.8 deceleration swing angle angle measured in degrees of swing while the swing motion is decelerated from working swing revolution speed to a complete stop (halt) 3.9 swing torque torque which propels the upper structure relative to the undercarriage Note: It is expressed in newton metres (N?m). 3.10 swing service brake device or system to decelerate the rotation of the upper structure and to bring it to a stop in any position Example: Frictional brake, electrically operated brake, hydrostatically or other hydraulically operated brake. Note: See Annex A. 3.11 swing parking brake device or system to hold the stopped upper structure in a stationary position Note: See Annex A. 3.12 swing lock mechanically engaged device designed to block the upper structure in a fixed position with respect to the undercarriage Note: See Annex A. 4 Safety requirements and protection measures 4.1 General Hydraulic excavators shall comply with the safety requirements and protective measures of ISO 20474-1, in as far as those are not modified by the specific requirements of this clause. 4.2 Operator station 4.2.1 Operator protection 4.2.1.1 Operator protective guard Excavators with an operating mass greater than 1,500 kg shall be designed so that an operator protective guard can be fitted. The manufacturer, according to the intended use of the machine, shall offer a protective guard. The protective guard shall be in accordance with ISO 10262. Note: For excavators used in demolition applications, additional requirements exist. 4.2.1.2 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) and tip-over protective structures (TOPS) 4.2.1.2.1 Except for walking excavators (see 4.6.3), GB/T 25684.1-2021, 4.3.3 does not apply. 4.2.1.2.2 Hydraulic excavators with an operating mass of 1,000 kg up to 6,000 kg shall be equipped with a TOPS in accordance with ISO 12117. If the structure is compliant with the performance requirements given in both ISO 12117 (TOPS) and ISO 12117-2 (ROPS), the manufacturer may identify both standards (TOPS and ROPS) on the label. 4.2.1.2.3 Hydraulic excavators with an operating mass greater than 6,000 kg and less than 50,000 kg shall be provided with a ROPS in accordance with ISO 12117-2.

Foreword I Introduction IV 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Safety requirements and protection measures 4.1 General 4.2 Operator station 4.3 Controls for driving and steering 4.4 Swing brakes 4.5 Stability and safety devices 4.6 Specific requirements for walking excavators 5 Information for use Appendix A (Nominative) Requirements for excavator swing brakes Annex B (Informative) Illustrations Bibliography

土方機(jī)械 安全 第5部分：液壓挖掘機(jī)的要求 1 范圍 本文件規(guī)定了ISO 6165定義的液壓挖掘機(jī)的安全要求；規(guī)定了土方機(jī)械在制造商指定用途或預(yù)知的誤操作條件下應(yīng)用時(shí)，與其相關(guān)的所有重大危險(xiǎn)、危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)和危險(xiǎn)事件(見(jiàn)GB／T 25684.1—2021的附錄A)；并規(guī)定了在使用、操作和維護(hù)中消除或降低重大危險(xiǎn)、危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)或危險(xiǎn)事件引起的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的技術(shù)措施。 本文件與GB／T 25684.1(規(guī)定了兩個(gè)或更多的土方機(jī)械族的通用安全要求)合并使用。本文件的特定要求優(yōu)先于GB／T 25684.1的通用要求。 本文件不適用于在本文件實(shí)施前制造的機(jī)器。 2 規(guī)范性引用文件 下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過(guò)文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅該日期對(duì)應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。 GB／T 8419—2007 土方機(jī)械 司機(jī)座椅振動(dòng)的試驗(yàn)室評(píng)價(jià)(ISO 7096：2000，IDT) GB／T 17771—2010 土方機(jī)械 落物保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu) 試驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)和性能要求(ISO 3449：2005，IDT) GB／T 25684.1—2021 土方機(jī)械 安全 第1部分：通用要求(ISO 20474-1：2017，IDT) ISO 3471 土方機(jī)械 滾翻保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu) 實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)和性能要求(Earth moving machinery—Rollover protective structures—Laboratory tests and performance requirements) 注：GB／T 17922—2014 土方機(jī)械 滾翻保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu) 實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)和性能要求(ISO 3471：2008，IDT) ISO 6165 土方機(jī)械 基本類(lèi)型 識(shí)別、術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義(Earth-moving machinery—Basic types—Identification and terms and definitions) 注：GB／T 8498—2017 土方機(jī)械 基本類(lèi)型識(shí)別、術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義(ISO 6165：2012，IDT) ISO 6682 土方機(jī)械 操縱的舒適區(qū)域與可及范圍(Earth moving machinery—Zones of comfort and reach for controls) 注：GB／T 21935—2008 土方機(jī)械 操縱的舒適區(qū)域與可及范圍(ISO 6682：1986／Amd.1：1989，IDT) ISO 6683 土方機(jī)械 座椅安全帶及其固定器 性能要求和試驗(yàn)(Earth-moving machinery—Seat belts and seat belt anchorages—Performance requirements and tests) 注：GB／T 17921-2010 土方機(jī)械 座椅安全帶及其固定器 性能要求和試驗(yàn)(ISO 6683：2005，MOD) ISO 7135 土方機(jī)械 液壓挖掘機(jī) 術(shù)語(yǔ)和商業(yè)規(guī)格(Earth moving machinery—Hydraulic excavators—Terminology and commercial specifications) 注：GB／T 6572—2014 土方機(jī)械 液壓挖掘機(jī) 術(shù)語(yǔ)和商業(yè)規(guī)格(ISO 7135：2009，IDT) ISO 7451 土方機(jī)械 液壓挖掘機(jī)和挖掘裝載機(jī)的反鏟斗和抓鏟斗容量標(biāo)定(Earth-moving machinery—Volumetric ratings for hoe-type and grab-type buckets of hydraulic excavators and backhoe loaders) 注：GB／T 21941—2008 土方機(jī)械 液壓挖掘機(jī)和挖掘裝載機(jī)的反鏟斗和抓鏟斗 容量標(biāo)定(ISO 7451：2007，IDT) ISO 7546 土方機(jī)械 裝載機(jī)和正鏟挖掘機(jī)的鏟斗 容量標(biāo)定(Earth-moving machinery—Loader and front loading excavator buckets—Volumetric ratings) 注：GB／T 21942—2008 土方機(jī)械 裝載機(jī)和正鏟挖掘機(jī)的鏟斗 容量標(biāo)定(ISO 7546：1983，MOD) ISO 8643 土方機(jī)械 液壓挖掘機(jī)和挖掘裝載機(jī)下降控制裝置 要求和試驗(yàn)(Earth-moving machinery—Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader lowering control device—Requirements and tests) 注：GB／T 21938—2021 土方機(jī)械 液壓挖掘機(jī)和挖掘裝載機(jī)下降控制裝置 要求和試驗(yàn)(ISO 8643：2017，IDT) ISO 10262 土方機(jī)械 液壓挖掘機(jī) 司機(jī)防護(hù)裝置的實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)和性能要求(Earth-moving machinery—Hydraulic excavators—Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards) 注：GB／T 19932—2005 土方機(jī)械 液壓挖掘機(jī) 司機(jī)防護(hù)裝置的實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)和性能要求(ISO10262：1998，MOD) ISO 10567 土方機(jī)械 液壓挖掘機(jī) 起重量(Earth moving machinery—Hydraulic excavators—Lift capacity) 注：GB／T 1331—2014 土方機(jī)械 液壓挖掘機(jī) 起重量(ISO 10567：2007，IDT) ISO 12117 土方機(jī)械 小型挖掘機(jī) 傾翻保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)(TOPS)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)和性能要求[(Earth-moving machinery—Tip-over protection structure (TOPS) for compact excavators—Laboratory tests and performance requirements)] 注：GB／T 19930—2005 土方機(jī)械 小型挖掘機(jī) 傾翻保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)和性能要求(ISO 12117：1997，MOD) ISO 12117-2：2008／Amd 1：2016 土方機(jī)械 挖掘機(jī)保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)和性能要求第2部分：6t以上挖掘機(jī)的滾翻保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)(ROPS)[Earth-moving machinery—Laboratory tests and performance requirements for protective structures of excavators—Part 2：Roll-over protective structures(ROPS) for excavators of over 6t] 注：GB／T 19930.2—2014 土方機(jī)械 挖掘機(jī)保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)和性能要求 第2部分：6t以上挖掘機(jī)的滾翻保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)(ROPS)(ISO 12117-2：2008，IDT) ISO 20474-1 土方機(jī)械 安全 第1部分：通用要求(Earth-moving machinery—Safety—Part 1：General requirements) 注：GB／T 25684.1—2021 土方機(jī)械 安全 第1部分：通用要求(ISO 20474-1：2017，IDT) 3 術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義 ISO 20474-1、ISO 6165和ISO 7135界定的以及下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。 3.1 挖掘機(jī) excavator 液壓挖掘機(jī) hydraulic excavator 自行的履帶式、輪胎式或步履式機(jī)械，具有可帶著工作裝置做360°回轉(zhuǎn)的上部結(jié)構(gòu)，主要用鏟斗進(jìn)行挖掘作業(yè)，在其工作循環(huán)中底盤(pán)不移動(dòng)。 注1：挖掘機(jī)的工作循環(huán)通常包括物料的挖掘、提升、回轉(zhuǎn)和卸載。 注2：液壓挖掘機(jī)也可能用于物品或物料的搬運(yùn)(運(yùn)輸)。 注3：除非明確標(biāo)注機(jī)械挖掘機(jī)，挖掘機(jī)通常指液壓挖掘機(jī)。 注4：圖例見(jiàn)附錄B。 [來(lái)源：GB／T 8498—2017，4.4，有修改] 3.1.1 小型挖掘機(jī) compact excavator 工作質(zhì)量小于或等于6000kg的挖掘機(jī)(3.1)。 注：圖例見(jiàn)附錄B。 [來(lái)源：GB／T 8498—2017，4.4.4，有修改] 3.1.2 步履式挖掘機(jī) walking excavator 具有3條或3條以上支腿的挖掘機(jī)，支腿可能是鉸接的.伸縮的或兩者兼有，并可能安裝車(chē)輪。 注：圖例見(jiàn)附錄B。 [來(lái)源：GB／T 8498—2017，4.4.2，有修改] 3.2 超長(zhǎng)工作裝置應(yīng)用 extra-long reach equipment application 配備超長(zhǎng)工作裝置液壓挖掘機(jī)(3.1)的應(yīng)用。 注：超長(zhǎng)工作裝置的應(yīng)用包括： ——超長(zhǎng)前置工作裝置的應(yīng)用，包括超長(zhǎng)動(dòng)臂和配備輕載鏟斗的超長(zhǎng)斗桿，以實(shí)現(xiàn)更大的作業(yè)范圍； ——伸縮臂應(yīng)用； ——帶蛤殼式鏟斗的伸縮臂應(yīng)用； ——超長(zhǎng)前置工作裝置拆除應(yīng)用，包括超長(zhǎng)動(dòng)臂(多臂)、超長(zhǎng)斗桿和用于拆除的附屬裝置。 3.3 物料搬運(yùn) material handling 廢料和散裝物料的搬運(yùn)，例如廢鐵拆除碎片和覆蓋物。 3.4 物料搬運(yùn)挖掘機(jī) material handling excavator 專(zhuān)門(mén)用于物料搬運(yùn)的液壓挖掘機(jī)(3.1)，通常配備高位(固定或移動(dòng))司機(jī)室。 3.5 拆除應(yīng)用 demolition application 對(duì)建筑物或其他土木工程結(jié)構(gòu)及其組成部分，通過(guò)推或拉進(jìn)行拆除，或通過(guò)壓或剪進(jìn)行破碎。 3.6 回轉(zhuǎn) swing 挖掘機(jī)上部結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)于地面上固定基準(zhǔn)車(chē)架的旋轉(zhuǎn)。 3.7 作業(yè)回轉(zhuǎn)速度 working swing revolution speed 上部結(jié)構(gòu)按輸入的最大回轉(zhuǎn)指令，從靜止位置旋轉(zhuǎn)到180°時(shí)的回轉(zhuǎn)平臺(tái)回轉(zhuǎn)速度。 注：?jiǎn)挝粸檗D(zhuǎn)每分(r／min)。 3.8 回轉(zhuǎn)減速角 deceleration swing angle 回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)從作業(yè)回轉(zhuǎn)速度減速到完全停止所轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)的角度。 3.9 回轉(zhuǎn)力矩 swing torque 驅(qū)動(dòng)上部結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)于底盤(pán)回轉(zhuǎn)的力矩。 注：?jiǎn)挝粸榕頓]米(N·m)。 3.10 回轉(zhuǎn)行車(chē)制動(dòng)器 swing service brake 使上部結(jié)構(gòu)回轉(zhuǎn)減速且停在任意位置的裝置或系統(tǒng)。 示例：摩擦式制動(dòng)器、電動(dòng)制動(dòng)器、靜液壓或其他液壓操作的制動(dòng)器。 注：見(jiàn)附錄A。 3.11 回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)器 swing parking brake 將已停止的上部結(jié)構(gòu)保持在其固定位置的裝置或系統(tǒng)。 注：見(jiàn)附錄A。 3.12 回轉(zhuǎn)鎖定裝置 swing lock 將上部結(jié)構(gòu)與下部總成鎖定在一固定位置的機(jī)械嚙合裝置。 注：見(jiàn)附錄A。 4 安全要求和防護(hù)措施 4.1 一般要求 液壓挖掘機(jī)應(yīng)符合ISO 20474-1中沒(méi)有被本章特定要求所修改的安全要求和防護(hù)措施。 4.2 司機(jī)操作位置 4.2.1 司機(jī)防護(hù) 4.2.1.1 司機(jī)防護(hù)裝置 工作質(zhì)量大于1500kg的挖掘機(jī)應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)成能安裝司機(jī)防護(hù)裝置。制造商應(yīng)根據(jù)機(jī)器的預(yù)期用途提供防護(hù)裝置。提供的防護(hù)裝置應(yīng)符合ISO 10262的規(guī)定。 注：對(duì)用于拆除應(yīng)用的挖掘機(jī)，還有附加要求。 4.2.1.2 滾翻保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)(ROPS)和傾翻保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)(TOPS) 4.2.1.2.1 GB／T 25684.1—2021的4.3.3僅適用于步履式挖掘機(jī)(見(jiàn)4.6.3)。 4.2.1.2.2 工作質(zhì)量為1000kg～6000kg的液壓挖掘機(jī)應(yīng)配備符合ISO 12117規(guī)定的TOPS。如果該結(jié)構(gòu)符合ISO 12117(TOPS)和ISO 12117-2(ROPS)的性能要求，制造商可在標(biāo)簽上標(biāo)識(shí)這兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 4.2.1.2.3 工作質(zhì)量大于6000kg小于50000kg的液壓挖掘機(jī)應(yīng)配備符合ISO 12117-2規(guī)定的ROPS。 4.2.1.2.4 帶固定式高位司機(jī)室、工作質(zhì)量大于1000kg小于50000kg的物料搬運(yùn)挖掘機(jī)應(yīng)安裝TOPS。 應(yīng)用ISO 12117-2中規(guī)定的側(cè)向載荷以及下列側(cè)向載荷能量(Us)對(duì)TOPS性能進(jìn)行評(píng)定： Us=6500×(M／10000)1.25 TOPS應(yīng)按照ISO 12117-2：2008中第9章(被ISO 12117-2：2008／Amd 1：2016修改的)的規(guī)定標(biāo)記，但應(yīng)標(biāo)識(shí)GB／T 25684.5。 或者，為滿足此要求，制造商也可提供符合ISO 12117-2規(guī)定的ROPS。在這種情況下，標(biāo)記按照ISO 12117-2規(guī)定的ROPS的要求或上述修改的TOPS的要求均可。如果結(jié)構(gòu)符合ROPS和TOPS的性能要求，制造商可選擇在標(biāo)簽上標(biāo)識(shí)這兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(ROPS和TOPS)。 注：ISO 12117適用于具有回轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)臂，且工作質(zhì)量在1000kg～6000kg的小型挖掘機(jī)。這并不妨礙確立一種可重復(fù)的方法評(píng)估靜態(tài)荷載下TOPS承載特性，及規(guī)定工作質(zhì)量大于6000kg的挖掘機(jī)在該荷載下典型試樣的性能要求。在這種情況下，試驗(yàn)按照ISO 12117-2的規(guī)定進(jìn)行。 4.2.1.3 司機(jī)座椅 如果挖掘機(jī)安裝了懸浮座椅，座椅應(yīng)符合GB／T 8419—2007中的EM 6輸入譜類(lèi)。 4.2.2 后車(chē)窗除霜系統(tǒng) 當(dāng)要求后車(chē)窗可視性滿足GB／T 25684.1—2021中4.8.1的要求時(shí)，后車(chē)窗除霜應(yīng)符合GB／T 25684.1—2021的4.3.2.7。 4.3 駕駛和轉(zhuǎn)向控制裝置 應(yīng)符合GB／T 25684.1—2021的4.5.1和4.6.1及以下附加／例外條款：如果上部結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有在其正常的行駛方向上，駕駛和轉(zhuǎn)向控制裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向不需要與其運(yùn)動(dòng)的預(yù)期方向一致。 4.4 回轉(zhuǎn)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 回轉(zhuǎn)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)滿足附錄A規(guī)定的要求。 注：配備超長(zhǎng)工作裝置的挖掘機(jī)要求可能不同。 4.5 穩(wěn)定性和安全裝置 4.5.1 一般要求 應(yīng)符合GB／T 25684.1—2021的4.11以及本文件4.5.2和4.5.3的規(guī)定。 注：此后定義的所有額定起重量都是基于機(jī)器置于水平硬實(shí)的支承地面上測(cè)量和／或計(jì)算的。 額定工作載荷和附屬裝置尺寸／容量確定時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮載荷質(zhì)量、密度及其質(zhì)心位置，以及附屬裝置和快速連接裝置(若配置)的質(zhì)量。 為了確保足夠的穩(wěn)定性，應(yīng)按4.5.2和4.5.3的規(guī)定確定預(yù)計(jì)工作條件下的額定工作載荷。 4.5.2 反鏟和正鏟工況 反鏟或正鏟工況挖掘機(jī)的額定起重量應(yīng)按照ISO 10567的規(guī)定確定。 反鏟斗或正鏟斗的額定容量應(yīng)按照ISO 7451或ISO 7546的規(guī)定確定。 4.5.3 物件吊運(yùn)工況 4.5.3.1 一般要求 挖掘機(jī)的起重量應(yīng)按4.5.3.2和4.5.3.3確定。 4.5.3.2 物件吊運(yùn)工況的額定起重量 應(yīng)按ISO 10567的規(guī)定確定物件吊運(yùn)工況的額定起重量。 4.5.3.3 物件吊運(yùn)工況額定起重量表 應(yīng)提供制造商確定的符合ISO 10567規(guī)定的物件吊運(yùn)工況的額定起重量表。在司機(jī)位置應(yīng)能得到司機(jī)手冊(cè)規(guī)定的不同物件吊運(yùn)配置的額定起重量表。 4.5.3.4 載荷安全裝置 用于物件吊運(yùn)操作時(shí)，符合ISO 10567規(guī)定的最大額定起重量大于或等于1000kg或傾翻力矩大于或等于40000N·m時(shí)的挖掘機(jī)應(yīng)進(jìn)行以下配備。 a) 當(dāng)額定起重量或相應(yīng)的載荷力矩達(dá)到并持續(xù)超出規(guī)定值時(shí)，提示司機(jī)的聽(tīng)覺(jué)或視覺(jué)報(bào)警裝置。額定起重量見(jiàn)4.5.3.2的規(guī)定。 當(dāng)挖掘機(jī)進(jìn)行物件吊運(yùn)外的其他作業(yè)時(shí)，此裝置可解除工作。此裝置起作用時(shí)應(yīng)能夠明確顯示。激活和復(fù)位的控制裝置應(yīng)在ISO 6682規(guī)定的司機(jī)舒適區(qū)域內(nèi)。警告標(biāo)識(shí)應(yīng)置于操縱裝置附近，以提醒(司機(jī))在物件吊運(yùn)時(shí)啟動(dòng)報(bào)警裝置。 b) 每個(gè)動(dòng)臂液壓缸和斗桿液壓缸上都有一個(gè)下降控制裝置，以防止液壓管路失效或破裂時(shí)的不受控制的運(yùn)動(dòng)。對(duì)于每個(gè)斗桿液壓缸，該裝置應(yīng)安裝在末端，通過(guò)加壓使斗桿遠(yuǎn)離主機(jī)。每個(gè)動(dòng)臂液壓缸和斗桿液壓缸上的下降控制裝置應(yīng)按照ISO 8643的規(guī)定進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。 4.5.3.5 其他工況 物料搬運(yùn)挖掘機(jī)及其衍生機(jī)器的額定起重量應(yīng)由制造商按照4.5.3.2和4.5.3.3給出的載荷確定，并考慮相應(yīng)的危險(xiǎn)。 4.6 步履式挖掘機(jī)的特殊要求 4.6.1 司機(jī)操作位置 4.6.1.1 轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) GB／T 25684.1—2021的4.6.1不適用。 4.6.1.2 可視性 GB／T 25684.1—2021的4.8.1不適用。 與地面接觸的每條支腿所有可能的位置均應(yīng)在司機(jī)位置處可見(jiàn)，以確保司機(jī)能把支腿放到硬實(shí)的地面上。 4.6.2 車(chē)輪的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng) GB／T 25684.1—2021的4.7不適用兩個(gè)輪子及少于兩個(gè)輪子的步履式挖掘機(jī)。 4.6.3 司機(jī)防護(hù) 4.6.3.1 滾翻保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)(ROPS) 步履式挖掘機(jī)應(yīng)安裝符合ISO 3471中規(guī)定的具有相同質(zhì)量挖掘裝載機(jī)的滾翻保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)(ROPS)。 4.6.3.2 約束系統(tǒng) 所有安裝司機(jī)室的步履式挖掘機(jī)應(yīng)安裝滿足ISO 6683的司機(jī)約束系統(tǒng)。 4.6.3.3 落物保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)(FOPS) 步履式挖掘機(jī)應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)成能安裝符合GB／T 17771—2010規(guī)定的驗(yàn)收基準(zhǔn)Ⅱ的落物保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)(FOPS)(見(jiàn)GB／T 25684.1—2021的4.3.4)。 4.6.3.4 液壓支腿 為防止液壓系統(tǒng)失效時(shí)機(jī)器失穩(wěn)，應(yīng)在所有支腿液壓缸上安裝鎖止閥。 4.6.4 穩(wěn)定性 4.6.4.1 試驗(yàn)條件 機(jī)器的穩(wěn)定性應(yīng)在下列試驗(yàn)條件下確定： a) 水平和硬實(shí)的試驗(yàn)地面； b) 由制造商規(guī)定的支腿和伸開(kāi)的車(chē)輪(在最大伸開(kāi)位置)； c) 下底盤(pán)較低側(cè)的水平位置，大約在試驗(yàn)地面以上350mm處； d) 如圖1所示的傾翻線； e) 配置／不配置伸縮式動(dòng)臂，如圖2所示的前／后和如圖3所示的側(cè)面的最大伸出范圍。 圖1 步履式挖掘機(jī)的傾翻線 單位為米 標(biāo)引序號(hào)說(shuō)明： 1——完全伸開(kāi)； 2——完全收回； 3——測(cè)量線。 圖2 前／后方額定傾翻載荷的測(cè)量 單位為米 標(biāo)引序號(hào)說(shuō)明： 1——完全伸開(kāi)； 2——完全收回； 3——測(cè)量線。 圖3 側(cè)向額定傾翻載荷的測(cè)量 4.6.4.2 反鏟工況 反鏟步履式挖掘機(jī)的起重量應(yīng)根據(jù)ISO 10567確定。 鏟斗的額定斗容量應(yīng)根據(jù)ISO 7451確定。 4.6.4.3 物件吊運(yùn)工況 物件吊運(yùn)工況的額定起重量應(yīng)根據(jù)ISO 10567確定。 4.6.5 救助和牽引 應(yīng)符合除GB／T 25684.1—2021的4.15.2和4.15.5外，GB／T 25684.1—2021的4.15的規(guī)定。 5 使用信息 應(yīng)符合GB／T 25684.1—2021的6.2及下列附加條款的規(guī)定： ——挖掘機(jī)物件吊運(yùn)所需配置的描述； ——不同工況下挖掘機(jī)穩(wěn)定性的描述； ——步履式挖掘機(jī)特殊防護(hù)的規(guī)定； ——載荷安全裝置操作說(shuō)明(如安裝)； ——物料吊運(yùn)工況的額定起重量表(如適用)； ——司機(jī)防護(hù)裝置的選擇和使用說(shuō)明，如頂防護(hù)、前防護(hù)(見(jiàn)4.2.1.1)。 附錄A (規(guī)范性) 挖掘機(jī)回轉(zhuǎn)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的要求 A.1 一般要求 本附錄規(guī)定了挖掘機(jī)回轉(zhuǎn)行車(chē)制動(dòng)器、回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)器和回轉(zhuǎn)鎖定裝置的最低性能準(zhǔn)則和試驗(yàn)方法。 A.2 最低性能 A.2.1 回轉(zhuǎn)驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置 A.2.1.1 試驗(yàn)回轉(zhuǎn)速度 試驗(yàn)回轉(zhuǎn)速度應(yīng)為作業(yè)回轉(zhuǎn)速度。 A.2.1.2 回轉(zhuǎn)減速 角(βB) 回轉(zhuǎn)減速角(βB)應(yīng)小于公式(A.1)和公式(A.2)中的最大值： (A.1) (A.2) 式中： n——試驗(yàn)回轉(zhuǎn)速度，單位為轉(zhuǎn)每分(r／min)； ——取值250(min－2)； βB0——取值40°。 A.2.2 回轉(zhuǎn)行車(chē)制動(dòng)器 回轉(zhuǎn)行車(chē)制動(dòng)應(yīng)能使上部結(jié)構(gòu)從A.2.1.1規(guī)定的回轉(zhuǎn)試驗(yàn)的回轉(zhuǎn)速度下減速到完全停止，回轉(zhuǎn)行車(chē)制動(dòng)不應(yīng)斷開(kāi)，見(jiàn)圖A.1。 標(biāo)引序號(hào)說(shuō)明： X——上部結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)速，單位為轉(zhuǎn)每分(r／min)； Y——回轉(zhuǎn)減速角，單位為度(°)。 圖A.1 回轉(zhuǎn)行車(chē)制動(dòng) 在不少于10次試驗(yàn)中的回轉(zhuǎn)減速角不應(yīng)大于回轉(zhuǎn)減速角(βB)(見(jiàn)A.2.1.2)的120％。這些試驗(yàn)的連續(xù)速率應(yīng)為允許的回轉(zhuǎn)加速度和減速度。 A.2.3 回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)器 回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)器應(yīng)能使上部結(jié)構(gòu)在制造商規(guī)定的最大坡度和上部結(jié)構(gòu)最不利位置保持30min。工作裝置應(yīng)伸出至最大半徑處且空鏟斗在伸出位置。 若發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熄火時(shí)，回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)應(yīng)能自動(dòng)起作用，或在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)應(yīng)能通過(guò)手動(dòng)起作用。 回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)在動(dòng)力源失效時(shí)仍能保持有效狀態(tài)。 對(duì)于工作質(zhì)量大于或等于6000kg的挖掘機(jī)，其回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)應(yīng)為全機(jī)械式的，例如彈簧摩擦制動(dòng)器。對(duì)于工作質(zhì)量小于6000kg的挖掘機(jī)，其回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)可是直接作用到回轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)的液壓閉鎖閥，然而如果其回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)是獨(dú)立的，應(yīng)按A.2.4的規(guī)定提供回轉(zhuǎn)鎖定。 注1：以上關(guān)于回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)全機(jī)械式的要求不是為了阻礙將來(lái)提供等效安全性的其他技術(shù)方式發(fā)展。 注2：若管路失效，回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)能作為緊急制動(dòng)。 工作質(zhì)量小于1000kg的挖掘機(jī)不需要回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)。 A.2.4 回轉(zhuǎn)鎖定裝置 回轉(zhuǎn)鎖定裝置應(yīng)能承受最大回轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)力矩且無(wú)永久變形。 若回轉(zhuǎn)停車(chē)制動(dòng)器提供了該功能，則不需要回轉(zhuǎn)鎖定裝置。 A.3 回轉(zhuǎn)行車(chē)制動(dòng)器的試驗(yàn)條件 試驗(yàn)應(yīng)在制造商規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作裝置下進(jìn)行。 支腿和推土鏟(如安裝)按制造商的規(guī)定應(yīng)放置在地面的工作位置上。 所有液體系統(tǒng)應(yīng)按制造商規(guī)定加足液體。燃油箱應(yīng)至少為半箱。回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)壓力應(yīng)按制造商規(guī)定調(diào)整和運(yùn)行。 A.2.1.1 中規(guī)定的試驗(yàn)回轉(zhuǎn)速度和A.2.1.2中規(guī)定的回轉(zhuǎn)減速角的回轉(zhuǎn)行車(chē)制動(dòng)的試驗(yàn)應(yīng)在工作裝置伸出至最大半徑處且空鏟斗在伸出位置處進(jìn)行。 在試驗(yàn)回轉(zhuǎn)速度時(shí)起動(dòng)制動(dòng)并進(jìn)行測(cè)量。 機(jī)器行車(chē)回轉(zhuǎn)制動(dòng)和回轉(zhuǎn)鎖定的試驗(yàn)應(yīng)在最大坡度±1％的平整地面進(jìn)行。 A.4 試驗(yàn)報(bào)告 試驗(yàn)報(bào)告應(yīng)包含下列信息： ——機(jī)器制造商； ——型號(hào)和序列號(hào)； ——機(jī)器規(guī)格； ——試驗(yàn)結(jié)果。 附錄 B (資料性) 圖例 見(jiàn)圖B.1～圖B.5。 圖B.1 履帶式挖掘機(jī) 圖B.2 小型履帶式挖掘機(jī) 圖B.3 輪胎式挖掘機(jī) 圖B.4 小型輪胎式挖掘機(jī) 圖B.5 步履式挖掘機(jī) 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] GB／T 8498—2017 土方機(jī)械 基本類(lèi)型 識(shí)別、術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義(ISO 6165：2012，IDT) [2] GB／T 25684.1 土方機(jī)械 安全 第1部分：通用要求 [3] ISO 6014 Earth-moving machinery—Determination of ground speed [4] ISO 6016 Earth-moving machinery—Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines，their equipment and components [5] ISO 8084 Machinery for forestry—Operator protective structures—Laboratory tests and performance requirements [6] ISO 12100 Safety of machinery—General principles for design—Risk assessment and risk reduction