Earth-moving and building construction machinery—Electromagnetic compatibility（EMC）of machines with internal electrical power supply— Part 2: Additional EMC requirements for functional safety
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods and acceptance guidelines for assessing the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of earth-moving machinery as defined in GB/T 8498-2017 and the following building construction machinery as defined in ISO/TR 12603; 2010:
Drilling and foundation construction equipment;
Concrete and mortar preparation, conveying and compaction equipment and reinforcing steel processing equipment.
Road construction and maintenance machinery and equipment.
This document covers the EMC requirements related to the functional safety of mechanical, electrical/electronic devices (ESA) and ESA components separated from machinery.
This document applies only to safety-related components of control systems (SRP/CS) as defined in GB/T 16855.1-2018, where the electrical/electronic devices used meet the design requirements for a safety performance level PL of b greater than or equal to that specified in GB/T 16855.1-2018. It also covers electrical/electronic devices (ESA) and individual ESA components that meet the requirements of PL class b and are intended to be installed on machinery.
The following electromagnetic disturbance phenomena are assessed:
Electromagnetic fields radiated from non-airborne sources with different field strengths and frequencies
EMFs emitted from on-board sources (internal and external to the antenna) with different field strengths and frequencies;
Electrostatic discharges;
Conducted and coupled electrical transients.
Machinery may be powered by DC, AC or a combination of both as an internal power system.
This document does not apply to machinery powered by an external grid or to equipment used as a military application. Note:IEC 61000 covers machines powered by grid-connected electricity.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document by means of normative references in the text. Where a reference is dated, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; where a reference is not dated, the latest version (including all amendment sheets) applies to this document.
GB/T 8498-2017 Earthmoving machinery - Basic type identification terms and definitions (ISO 6165: 2012, IDT)
GB/T 15706-2012 General Principles for Safety Design of Machinery - Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction (ISO 12100:2010, IDT)
GB/T 16855.1-2018 Safety Related Components of Machine Safety Control Systems Part 1: General Principles for Design (ISO 13849-1:2015, IDT)
GB/T 22359.1-2022 Earth moving machinery and construction machinery - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of built-in power supply machines - Part 1 Sub: General EMC requirements under typical electromagnetic environment conditions (ISO13766-1:2018. IDT)
GB/T34353-2017 Performance Criteria and Tests for Functional Safety of Machine Control Systems (MCS) with Electronic Components for Earth moving Machinery (ISO 15998: 2008, IDT)
ISO 7637-1:2015 Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 1: Definitions and general considerations
Note: GB/T 21437.1-2021 Road Vehicles - Electrical/Electronic Components - Test Methods for Electrical Disturbance Induced by Conduction and Coupling - Part 1: Definitions and General Provisions (ISO 7637-1: 2015, MOD)
ISO7637-3:2016 Road vehicles - Electrical dist urbances from conduction and coupling - Part 3: Electrical transient transmission by capacitive and inductive coupling via lines other than supply lines
Note: GB/T 21437.3-2021 Road Vehicles - Electrical/Electronic Components - Test Methods for Electrical Disturbance Caused by Conduction and Coupling - Part 3: Immunity to Electrical Properties Coupled to Non power Lines (Iso 7637-3: 2016. MOD)
ISO 10605:2008 Road vehicles - Test methods for eletrical disturbances from electrostatic discharge)
Note: GB/T19951-2019 Test Method for Immunity of Electrical/Electronic Components of Road Vehicles to Electrostatic Discharge (ISO10605:2008, MOD)
ISO11451-2:2015 Road vehicles -- Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy -- Part 2; off vehicle radiation sources
3 Terms and definitions
GB/T 8498-2017, ISO/TR 12603;2010, GB/T 22359.1-2022 and GB/T 16855.1-2018 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
The sum of the common mode currents in a high current bulk current harness.
3.2
PMpulse modulation pulse modulation.
3.3
AMamplitude modulation amplitude modulation.
3.4
Fail safe; FS
A machine or control system using electrical/electronic devices whose associated "safe behaviour enters a safe state as defined in GB/T 16855.1-2018.
4 General rules
The functional safety of machinery and systems is adequately specified in other relevant standards. However, these standards do not consider the following two common issues:
The specific effects of electromagnetic fields on earth-moving and building construction machinery;
The impact of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) phenomena on the functional safety of control devices using electrical/electronic devices that are relevant to machine safety.
The impact of EMC phenomena on the functional safety of control devices using electrical/electronic devices and related to machine safety.
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) phenomena referred to in this document need to be assessed in terms of their impact on the functional safety of machine controls. The assessment is based on all similar phenomena that have occurred and are known to be technically significant.
The performance parameters associated with such phenomena are therefore equivalent to the performance indicators (orders of magnitude) of existing non-military technologies.
In order to verify that the machine is capable of maintaining the manufacturer's intended function or converting to the safe state conditions specified in GB/T 16855.1-2018, for safety performance level PL. requirements are greater than or equal to level b as specified in GB/T 16855.1-2018 and all functional tests should be carried out in accordance with the levels specified in chapter 5.
For ESA testing, it is necessary to determine the performance of the device under test against interference failures at the level of the whole machine, for example, where an erroneous signal from the controller could lead to a loss of braking or steering.
5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) phenomena
5.1 General
The electrical and high frequency disturbances described in this document refer to electromagnetic effects due to technical applications (human effects). These electromagnetic effects can usually be considered as single and additional and are restricted to narrow areas.
5.1.1 Whole machine performance criteria
If the safety-related functions of the machine operate as intended, or are converted to the specified safety state, in accordance with the test requirements of 5.2, the performance requirements are judged to be met.
5.1.2 Safety-related ESA performance criteria
If the safety-related functions of the ESA or separate ESA components are tested in accordance with the requirements of 5.3, the performance requirements are judged to be met if the safety-related functions of the ESA or separate ESA components operate as intended or are converted to the specified safety state for application on machinery.
5.2 Mechanical immunity
5.2.1 Mechanical immunity to electromagnetic fields from non-airborne radiation sources
The mechanical immunity of machinery exposed to electromagnetic fields from non-airborne sources is shown in Table 1 and shall be tested in accordance with all frequency ranges given in Table 1. If BCI tests are performed on machinery, they shall be carried out in the frequency range 20 MHz to 1 000 MHz in accordance with Table 1 and in accordance with the requirements of ISO 11451-4;2013. For the frequency range above 1 GHz, the immunity test method for electromagnetic radiation shall be used.
If the immunity test method for electromagnetic radiation is chosen, horizontal and vertical polarisation shall be used.
The test levels given in Table 1 apply to single sample tests; they can be reduced by 20% if multiple sample tests (number of samples ≥ 2) are carried out.
5.2.2 Immunity of machinery to electromagnetic fields from on-board radiation sources
If there is a clear indication that machinery is fitted with an airborne radiation source, it is appropriate to assess it at maximum output power. Note: For airborne transmitters, refer to ISO 11451-3:2015 for further guidance.
5.2.3 Electrical transient immunity on power cables and other harnesses of machinery
The known effects of mechanical electrical transient immunity on power cables and other harnesses are only at the ESA level and only apply to the tests specified in 5.3.3.
5.2.4 Mechanical Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Immunity
The immunity of machinery exposed to electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomena is shown in Table 2. The acceptance standard for all ESD tests is "A" or "FS".
5.3 ESA immunity
5.3.1 ESA immunity to electromagnetic fields from non-airborne radiation sources
The immunity of ESAs exposed to radiated electromagnetic fields from non-airborne sources is shown in Table 3 and should be tested for all frequency ranges given in Table 3. In order to cover the entire frequency range it is necessary to apply a combination of at least two test methods, but it is not necessary to apply all the test methods listed.
The test levels given in Table 3 apply to single sample tests; they may be reduced by 20% if multiple sample tests (sample size ≥ 2) are performed.
5.3.2 ESA immunity to electromagnetic fields from airborne radiation sources
If there is a clear indication that tests of airborne radiation sources must be carried out, it is advisable that transmitters mounted to machinery are installed as close as possible to the ESA and are evaluated at maximum output power.
Note: For airborne transmitters, refer to ISO 11452-9:2012 for further guidance.
5.3.3 ESA immunity to electrical transients on the harness
Electrical transients caused by switching of capacitive or inductive loads coupled directly to the power supply circuit, as per 4.9.4 of GB/T 22359.1-2022.
The immunity test for wire harnesses other than power harnesses shall be in accordance with the requirements of ISO 7637-1:2015 and ISO 7637-3;2016.
5.3.4 ESA electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity
The immunity of mechanical ESAs exposed to electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomena is shown in Table 4. The acceptance criterion for all ESD tests is "A" or "FS" (functional class A or defined safe state).
6 Test report
Chapter 6 of GB/T 22359.1-2022 applies.
The test report shall include the relevant requirements of this document and may be combined with the test report of GB/T 22359.1-2022.
Deviations from undisturbed functions (including all modes of operation of safety-related functions), as well as any transition to the specified safety state, shall be recorded in the test report.
Appendix A (informative) Installation and maintenance aspects
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General rules
5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) phenomena
6 Test report
Appendix A (informative) Installation and maintenance aspects
1范圍
本文件規定了評估GB/T8498-2017定義的土方機械和ISO/TR 12603;2010定義的下列建筑施工機械的電磁兼容性(EMC)的試驗方法和驗收準則:
鉆探及基礎施工設備;
混凝土和灰漿的制備﹑輸送﹑搗實設備及鋼筋加工設備﹔
道路施工與養護機械設備。
本文件涉及與機械、電氣/電子器件(ESA)和與機械分離的ESA部件功能安全相關的電磁兼容性(EMC)要求。
本文件僅適用于GB/T 16855.1-2018定義的控制系統安全相關部件(SRP/CS),其使用的電氣/電子器件滿足大于或等于GB/T 16855.1-2018規定的安全性能等級PL為b的設計要求。它還涉及符合PL為b等級要求且擬安裝在機械上的電氣/電子器件(ESA)和單獨的ESA部件。
評估下列電磁騷擾現象:
不同場強和頻率的非機載源輻射電磁場
不同場強和頻率的機載源(天線內部外部)輻射電磁場;
靜電放電;
傳導和耦合電瞬態。
機械可能由DC、AC或者兩者組合作為內部電源系統。
本文件不適用于由外部電網供電的機械或作為軍事應用的設備。注:IEC 61000涵蓋并網發電的機器。
2規范性引用文件
下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中,注日期的引用文件,僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 8498-2017 土方機械基本類型識別術語和定義(ISO 6165 :2012,IDT)
GB/T 15706-2012 機械安全設計通則風險評估與風險減小(ISO 12100:2010,IDT)
GB/T 16855.1-2018機械安全控制系統安全相關部件第1部分:設計通則(ISO 13849-1:2015,IDT)
GB/T 22359.1-2022土方機械與建筑施工機械內置電源機器的電磁兼容性(EMC)第1部
分:典型電磁環境條件下的EMC一般要求(ISO13766-1:2018.IDT)
GB/T34353-2017土方機械應用電子器件的機器控制系統(MCS)功能性安全的性能準則和試驗(ISO 15998 :2008 ,IDT)
ISO 7637-1:2015道路車輛由傳導和耦合引起的電騷擾第1部分:定義和一般描述( Road vehicles - Elctrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 1: Definitions and general considerations)
注: GB/T 21437.1-2021道路車輛電 氣/電子部件對傳導和耦合引|起的電騷擾試驗方法第1部分:定義和一般規定(ISO 7637-1 :2015, MOD)
ISO7637-3:2016道路車輛由傳導和耦合引起的電騷擾第3部分:除電源線外的導線通過容性和感性耦合的電瞬態發射( Road vehicles- Electrical dist urbances from conduction and coupling - Part 3: Electrical transient transmission by capacitive and inductive coupling via lines other than supply lines)
注: GB/T 21437.3-2021道路車輛電氣/電子 部件對傳導和耦合引起的電騷擾試驗方法第3部分:對耦合到非電源線電屬態的抗擾性( Iso 7637-3:2016.MOD)
ISO 10605:2008道路車輛 靜 電放電產生的電騷擾試驗方法( Road vehicles - Test methods for
eletrical disturbances from electrostatic discharge)
注:GB/T19951-2019道路車輛電氣/電子部件對靜電放電抗擾性的試驗方法(ISO10605:2008,MOD)
ISO11451-2:2015道路車輛車輛對窄帶輻射的電磁能的抗擾性試驗方法第2部分:車外輻射源法( Road vehicles- -Vehicle test methods for eleetrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy- -Part 2 : off-vehicle radiation sources)
3術語和定義
GB/T 8498-2017,ISO/TR 12603;2010、GB/T 22359.1-2022和 GB/T 16855.1-2018界定的以
及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
大電流bulk current線束中共模電流的總和。
3.2
PMpulse modulation脈沖調制。
3.3
AMamplitude modulation幅度調制。
3.4
失效安全fail safe ; FS
使用電氣/電子器件的機器或控制系統,其相關"安全行為進入GB/T 16855.1-2018規定的安全狀態。
4通則
機械和系統的功能安全在其他相關標在中有充分的規定。然而,這些標準沒有考慮以下兩個同題:
電磁場對土方機械和建筑施工機械的特定影響;
電磁兼容性(EMC)現象對使用電氣/電子器件的、與機器安全相關的控制裝置功能安全的
影響。
本文件提及的電磁兼容性(EMC)現象需要根據其對機器控制裝置功能安全影響進行評估。評估是基于所有已經發生和已知重大技術上的各種類似現象。
因此,與此類現象相關的性能參數相當于現有非軍用技術的性能指標(量級)。
為了驗證機器能夠保持制造商預期功能或轉換到GB/T 16855.1-2018規定的安全狀態條件,對于安全性能等級PL.要求大于或等于GB/T 16855.1-2018中規定的b級,所有功能測試應按照第5章規定的等級進行。
對于ESA 的測試,需要確定被測裝置對整機級別的抗干擾失效的表現,例如,控制器的錯誤信號可能導致制動或轉向的缺失。
5電磁兼容性(EMC>現象
5.1一般情況
本文件描述的電騷擾和高頻騷擾是指由于技術應用(人為效應)引起的電磁效應。這些電磁效應通常可以被認為是單一且附加的,并且被限制在狹義區域。
5.1.1整機性能判據
按照5.2的要求進行試驗,機械的安全相關功能按預期運行,或轉換到規定的安全狀態,則判定符合性能要求。
5.1.2安全相關ESA的性能判據
按照5.3的要求進行試驗,如果ESA或獨立的ESA部件的安全相關功能按預期運行,或轉換到在機械上應用所規定的安全狀態,則判定符合性能要求。
5.2機械抗擾度
5.2.1機械對非機載輻射源電磁場的抗擾度
暴露于非機載源輻射電磁場中的機械機擾度見表1。應按照表1給出的所有頻率范圍進行試驗。如果機械進行BCI試驗,在20 MHz~1 000 MHz頻率范圍內應按照表1的規定進行,并符合ISO 11451-4;2013的要求。頻率范圍在1GHz以上,應采用電磁輻射的抗擾度試驗方法。
如果選擇電磁輻射的抗擾度試驗方法,應使用水平極化和垂直極化。
表1中給出的試驗等級適用于單樣本試驗;如果進行多樣本試驗(樣本數量≥2)可降低20%。
5.2.2機械對機載輻射源電磁場的抗擾度
如果有明確跡象表明機械安裝了機載輻射源,宜在最大輸出功率下進行評估。注:關于機載發射機,請參閱ISO 11451-3:2015以獲取更多指南。
5.2.3電源線和機械其他線束上的電瞬態抗擾度
機械對電源線和其他線束的電瞬態抗祝延,已知的影響僅體現在ESA級別,只適用于5.3.3規定的試驗。
5.2.4機械靜電放電(ESD)抗擾度
機械暴露于靜電放電(ESD)現象中的抗擾度見表2。所有ESD試驗的驗收標準為“A”或“FS”"。
5.3ESA抗擾度
5.3.1ESA對非機載輻射源電磁場的抗擾度
暴露于非機載源輻射電磁場中的ESA抗擾度見表3。應按照表3給出的所有頻率范圍進行試驗。為了覆蓋整個頻率范圍,有必要應用至少兩種試驗方法進行組合,但不需要應用列出的所有測試方法。
表3中給出的試驗等級適用于單樣本試驗;如果進行多樣本試驗(樣本數量≥2)可降低20%。
5.3.2ESA 對機載輻射源電磁場的抗擾度
如果有明確的跡象表明必須進行機載輻射源的試驗,宜安裝到機械上的發射機盡量靠近ESA,并且在最大輸出功率下進行評估。
注:關于機載發射機,請參閱ISO 11452-9:2012以獲取更多指南。
5.3.3 ESA 對線束上的電瞬態抗擾度
由電容負載或感性負載切換引起的電瞬態直接耦合到電源電路,適用于GB/T 22359.1-2022中4.9.4。
除電源線束以外的其他線束抗擾度試驗,應按照ISO 7637-1:2015和ISO 7637-3;2016的要求。
5.3.4 ESA靜電放電(ESD)抗擾度
機械的ESA暴露于靜電放電(ESD)現象中的抗擾度見表4。所有ESD試驗的驗收標準是“A”或“FS”(功能等級A或定義的安全狀態)。
6試驗報告
GB/T 22359.1-2022的第6章適用。
試驗報告應包括本文件的相關要求,并可與GB/T 22359.1-2022的試驗報告相結合。
對未受干擾功能(包括安全相關功能的所有操作模式)的偏差,以及任何過渡到規定安全狀態的情況,應在試驗報告中予以記錄。
附錄A(資料性)安裝與維護方面
