GB/T 21559.2:2023 Rolling bearings - Linear motion rolling bearings - Part 2: Static load ratings
Rolling bearings - Linear motion rolling bearings - Part 2: Static load ratings
1 Scope
This document specifies methods of calculating the basic static load rating, static equivalent load and static safety factor for linear motion rolling bearings.
This document is applicable to linear motion rolling bearings manufactured from contemporary, commonly used, high quality, hardened bearing steel in accordance with good manufacturing practice and basically of conventional design with regard to the shape of the rolling contact surfaces.
This document is not applicable to designs where the rolling elements operate directly on the slide surface of the machine equipment, unless that surface is equivalent in all respects to the raceway of the linear motion rolling bearing component it replaces.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 76 Rolling bearings - Static load ratings
Note: GB/T 4662-2012 Rolling bearings - Static load ratings (ISO 76:2006, IDT)
ISO 5593 Rolling bearings- Vocabulary
Note: GB/T 6930-2002 Rolling bearings - Vocabulary (ISO 5593:1997, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 76 and ISO 5593 as well as the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
——ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp;
——IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/.
?
3.1
recirculating linear ball bearing, sleeve type, with or without raceway grooves
basically cylindrical sleeve provided with a number of closed loops of recirculating balls designed to achieve linear rolling motion along a hardened cylindrical shaft
Note 1: See Figure 1.
Note 2: The raceways in the sleeve can be designed cylindrical as well as steel inserts with raceway grooves parallel to the axis.
Figure 1 Recirculating linear ball bearing, sleeve type
3.2
recirculating linear ball (or roller) bearing, linear guideway, carriage type
linear ball (or roller) bearing provided with a number of symmetrically arranged, closed loops of recirculating balls (or rollers) designed to achieve linear rolling motion along a hardened guideway furnished with adequate raceways
Note: See Figure 2.
Figure 2 Recirculating linear ball (or roller) bearing, linear guideway, carriage type
3.3
non-recirculating linear ball bearing, linear guideway, deep groove type
linear bearing with balls as rolling elements, each ball having two points of contact
Note 1: See Figure 3.
recirculating linear ball bearing, sleeve type, with or without raceway grooves
basically cylindrical sleeve provided with a number of closed loops of recirculating balls designed to achieve linear rolling motion along a hardened cylindrical shaft
Note 1: See Figure 1.
Note 2: The raceways in the sleeve can be designed cylindrical as well as steel inserts with raceway grooves parallel to the axis.
Figure 1 Recirculating linear ball bearing, sleeve type
3.2
recirculating linear ball (or roller) bearing, linear guideway, carriage type
linear ball (or roller) bearing provided with a number of symmetrically arranged, closed loops of recirculating balls (or rollers) designed to achieve linear rolling motion along a hardened guideway furnished with adequate raceways
Foreword I
Introduction II
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols
5 Basic static load ratings
6 Static equivalent load
7 Static load safety factor
Bibliography
引 言
對于每一特定應用場合所選用的直線運動滾動支承,通過試驗來確定其適用性,通常是不現實的。GB/T 21559中規定的方法已被證明可恰當和方便地代替試驗。GB/T 21559由兩個部分構成:
——第1部分:額定動載荷和額定壽命。旨在規定直線運動滾動支承額定動載荷的計算方法,并使用動載荷作壽命計算。
——第2部分:額定靜載荷。旨在規定直線運動滾動支承額定靜載荷的計算方法,并使用靜載荷作靜載荷安全系數計算。
中等靜載荷下,滾動軸承的滾動體和滾道將出現永久變形,而且永久變形還將隨載荷的增加而逐漸增大。
對于一特定使用條件下的軸承,通過對該使用條件下的軸承進行試驗來確定軸承中出現的變形是否允許,往往是不現實的。因此,用其他方法來確定所選軸承的適用性。
經驗表明,在大多數軸承應用中,最大載荷滾動體和滾道接觸中心處可允許有滾動體直徑0.0001倍的總永久變形量,而不致給軸承后續運轉帶來損害。因此,將引起如此大小變形量的當量靜載荷規定為基本額定靜載荷。
不同國家的試驗表明,如此大小的載荷等于最大載荷滾動體與滾道接觸中心處產生與下列計算接觸應力相當的載荷:
——對于套筒型循環球直線軸承,5300MPa;
——對于循環球直線導軌支承,4200 MPa~4600 MPa(見3.9和表1);
——對于非循環球直線支承,4200 MPa~4600 MPa(見3.9和表1);
——對于直線滾子支承,4000MPa。
基本額定靜載荷的計算公式和系數均以這些接觸應力為基礎。
依據對運轉平穩性和摩擦以及實際接觸表面幾何形狀的要求,許可的當量靜載荷可以小于、等于或大于基本額定靜載荷。缺乏上述這些方面經驗的軸承用戶向制造廠咨詢。
滾動軸承 直線運動滾動支承
第2部分:額定靜載荷
1 范圍
本文件規定了直線運動滾動支承基本額定靜載荷、當量靜載荷和靜載荷安全系數的計算方法。
本文件適用于采用現代常用、高質量淬硬軸承鋼、按良好加工方法制造,且滾動接觸表面的形狀基本上為常規設計的直線運動滾動支承。
本文件不適用于滾動體直接在機械設備的光滑表面上運轉的設計,除非該表面在各方面與其所代替的直線運動滾動支承零部件的滾道相當。
2 規范性引用文件
下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中,注日期的引用文件,僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
ISO 76 滾動軸承 額定靜載荷(Rolling bearings—Static load ratings)
注:GB/T 4662—2012 滾動軸承 額定靜載荷(ISO 76:2006,IDT)
ISO 5593 滾動軸承 詞匯(Rolling bearings—Vocabulary)
注:GB/T 6930—2002 滾動軸承 詞匯(ISO 5593:1997,IDT)
3 術語和定義
ISO 76和ISO 5593界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。
ISO和IEC維護的標準化工作中使用的術語數據庫網址如下:
——ISO在線瀏覽平臺:https://www.iso.org/obp;
——IEC電工百科:http://www.electropedia.org/。
3.1
有或無溝道套筒型循環球直線軸承 recirculating linear ball bearing, sleeve type, with or without raceway grooves
為實現沿淬硬圓柱形軸作直線滾動運動而設計的具有若干循環球封閉滾道的基本圓柱形套簡。
注1:見圖1。
注2:套筒上的滾道被設計為圓柱形或具有平行于軸線的溝道的鋼制嵌塊。
圖1 套筒型循環球直線軸承
3.2
滑塊型循環球(或滾子)直線導軌支承 recirculating linear ball (or roller) bearing, linear guideway, carriage type
為實現沿設有相應滾道的淬硬導軌作直線滾動運動而設計的具有若干循環球(或滾子)的對稱、封閉滾道的直線球(或滾子)支承。
注:見圖2。
圖2 滑塊型循環球(或滾子)直線導軌支承
3.3
深溝型非循環球直線導軌支承 non-recirculating linear ball bearing, linear guideway, deep groove type
用球作滾動體,每個球有兩個接觸點的直線支承。
注1:見圖3。
注2:兩導軌的溝道截面半徑相等,且在0.52DW~+∞之間。
圖3 深溝型非循環球直線導軌支承
3.4
四點接觸型非循環球直線導軌支承 non-recirculating linear ball bearing, linear guideway, four-point-contact type
用球作滾動體,每個球有四個接觸點的直線支承。
注1:見圖1。
注2:兩導軌上四個接觸點的溝道截面半徑相等,且在0.52DW~+∞之間。
圖4 四點接觸型非循環球直線導軌支承
3.5
平型非循環滾子直線導軌支承 non-recirculating linear roller bearing, linear guideway, flat type
用滾針或圓柱滾子作滾動體的直線支承。
注:見圖5。
圖5 平型非循環滾子直線導軌支承
3.6
V型非循環滾子直線導軌支承 non-recirculating linear roller bearing, linear guideway, V-angle type
導軌為90°V型構件的直線支承。
注1:見圖6。
注2:常用滾針或圓柱滾子作滾動體。
圖6 V型非循環滾子直線導軌支承
3.7
交叉滾子型非循環滾子直線導軌支承 nor-reirculating linear roller bearing, linear guideway, crossed roller type
圓柱滾子交叉排設的直線支承。
注:見圖7。
圖7 交叉滾子型非循環滾子直線導軌支承
3.8
靜載荷安全系數 static load safety factor
表示克服滾動體和滾道上產生不允許超過永久變形量的安全裕度的基本額定靜載荷與當量靜載荷之比。
3.9
直線運動滾動支承的基本額定靜載荷 basic static rating of a linear motion rolling bearing
最大載荷滾動體與滾道接觸中心處產生的,與計算的接觸應力(σmax)相當的靜載荷。
注:這些接觸應力是指引起滾動體和滾道產生約為滾動體直徑0.0001倍總永久變形量時的應力:
——對于套筒型循環球直線軸承,σmax=5300 MPa;
——對于循環球導軌直線支承,見表1;
——對于非循環球直線支承,見表1;
——對于直線滾子支承σmax=4000 MPa。
表1 接觸應力σmax