Personal protective equipment - Test methods for footwear
1 Scope
This Standard specifies methods for testing footwear designed as personal protective equipment.
This standard is applicable to safety footwear, protective footwear and occupational footwear, as well as other personal protective footwear.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments (excluding corrections) to, or revisions, of any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this specification are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition applies.
GB/T 308 Rolling bearings - Steel balls (GB/T 308-2002, neq ISO 3290: 1998)
GB/T 528 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of tensile stress-strain properties (GB/T 528-1998, eqv ISO 37: 1994)
GB/T 529 Rubber vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of tear strength (Trouser, angle and crescent test pieces) (eqv GB/T 529-1999, ISO 34-1: 1994)
GB/T 1690 Rubber, vulcanized - Determination of the effect of liquids (GB/T 1690-1992, neq ISO 1817: 1985)
GB/T 2411 Plastics - Shore hardness test
GB/T 5723 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of dimensions of test pieces and products for test purposes (GB/T 5723-1993, eqv ISO 4648: 1991)
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (GB/T 6682-1992, neq ISO 3696: 1987)
GB/T 9867 Rubber - Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylinderical drum device (GB/T 9867-1988, neq ISO 4649: 1985)
GB 21146-2007 Personal protective equipment - Occupational footwear (ISO 20347: 2004, MOD)
GB 21147-2007 Personal protective equipment - Protective footwear (ISO 20346: 2004, MOD)
GB 21148-2007 Personal protective equipment - Safety footwear (ISO 20345: 2004, MOD)
HG/T 2581 Rubber-or plastics-coated fabrics - Determination of tear resistance (HG/T 2581-1994, neq ISO 4674: 1977)
QB/T 2710 Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of tensile strength and percentage extension (QB/T 2710-2005, ISO 3376: 2002, MOD)
QB/T 2711 Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of tear load - Double edge tear (QB/T 2711-2005, ISO 3377-2: 2002, MOD)
QB/T 2716 Leather - Preparation of chemical test samples (QB/T 2716-2005, ISO 4044: 1977, MOD)
QB/T 2724 Leather - Chemical test - Determination of ph (QB/T 2724-2005, ISO 4045: 1977, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions given in GB 21146-2007, GB 21147-2007 and GB 21148-2007 shall apply.
4 Sampling and conditioning
The minimum numbers of samples to be tested, together with the minimum number of test pieces taken from each sample, shall be in accordance with Table 1.
Wherever possible and necessary to ensure the essential safety requirements, test pieces shall be taken from the whole footwear. If it is not possible to obtain a large enough test piece from the footwear, then a sample of the material from which the component has been manufactured may be used instead and this shall be noted in the test report.
Where samples are required from each of three sizes, these shall comprise the largest, the smallest and a middle size of the footwear under test.
Unless otherwise stated in the test method, all test pieces shall be conditioned in a standard atmosphere of (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5)% r.h. for a minimum of 48 h before testing; and the maximum time which shall elapse between removal from the conditioning atmosphere and the start of testing shall not be greater than 10 min.
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Table 1 Minimum number of samples and test specimens
Footwear component Property under test
B: basic requirement
A: additional requirement Clause reference Number of samples Number of test pieces from each sample Test only on the final footwear
Whole footwear Specific ergonomic features B 5.1 3 pairs from 3 different sizes 1 pair yes
Upper/outsole and sole interlayer bond strength B 5.2 1 from each of 3 sizes 1 yes
Internal toecap length B 5.3 1 pair from each of 3 sizes 1 pair yes
Impact resistance B 5.4 1 pair from each of 3 sizes 1 pair yes
Compression resistance B 5.5 1 pair from each of 3 sizes 1 pair yes
Corrosion resistance of metallic toecaps or penetration-resistant metallic inserts B 5.6 2 from different sizes 1 No for classification I
Yes for classification II
Leakproofness B 5.7 2 from different sizes 1 yes
Dimensional conformity and penetration resistance of inserts A 5.8 1 pair from each of 3 sizes 1 pair yes
Flex resistance of penetration-resistant insert A 5.9 1 pair from each of 3 sizes 1 pair no
Electrical resistance A 5.10 1 pair from each of 3 sizes 1 pair yes
Electrical insulation A 5.11 1 pair from each of 3 sizes 1 pair yes
Insulation against heat A 5.12 2 from different sizes 1 yes
Insulation against cold A 5.13 2 from different sizes 1 yes
Energy absorption of seat region A 5.14 1 pair from each of 3 sizes 1 pair yes
Water resistance A 5.15 1 pair from each of 3 sizes 1 pair yes
Impact resistance metatarsal protective device A 5.16 1 pair from each of 3 sizes 1 pair yes
Ankle protection A 5.17 1 pair from each of 3 sizes 1 pair yes
Upper, lining and tongue Thickness B 6.1 1 from each of 3 sizes 3 yes
Height of the upper B 6.2 1 from each of 3 sizes 3 yes
Tear strength B 6.3 1 from each of 3 sizes 3 yes
Tensile properties B 6.4 1 from each of 3 sizes 3 yes
Flexing resistance B 6.5 1 from each of 3 sizes 1 yes
Water vapour permeability B 6.6 1 from each of 3 sizes 1 yes
Water vapour absorption B 6.7 1 from each of 3 sizes 1 yes
Water vapour coefficient B 6.8 1 from each of 3 sizes 1 yes
pH value B 6.9 1 2 no
Hydrolysis B 6.10 1 from each of 3 sizes 1 yes
Chromium VI content B 6.11 1 2 no
Abrasion resistance of lining B 6.12 3 4 no
Water penetration and water absorption A 6.13 3 1 no
Cut resistance A 6.14 3 4 no
Insole and insock Thickness of insole B 7.1 3 a 1 no
pH value B 6.9 1 2 no
Water absorption and desorption B 7.2 3 a 1 no
Abrasion resistance of insole B 7.3 3 a 1 no
Chromium VI content B 6.11 1 2 no
Abrasion resistance of insock B 6.12 3 4 no
Outsole Thickness B 8.1 1 from each of 3 sizes 1 yes
Tear strength B 8.2 1 from each of 3 sizes 1 yes
Abrasion resistance B 8.3 1 from each of 3 sizes 1 yes
Flexing resistance B 8.4 1 from each of 3 sizes 1 yes
Hydrolysis B 8.5 1 from each of 3 sizes 1 yes
Resistance to fuel oil B 8.6 1 from each of 3 sizes 1 yes
Resistance to hot contact B 8.7 1 from each of 3 sizes 1 yes
a If the samples are taken from the footwear, use 3 different sizes.
5 Test methods for whole footwear
5.1 Specific ergonomic features
The specific ergonomic features of the footwear shall be assessed by examining the footwear using wear trials on 3 wearers with appropriate foot sizes.
During the trials, the wearers wearing each pair of the correctly fitting footwear will simulate typical tasks likely to be undertaken in general use.
These tasks are:
——walk normally for 5 min at a speed of approx. 6 km/h;
——climb and descend 17 stairs for 1 min;
——kneel / crouch down, see Figure 1.
Note: This degree of shoe flexion will not be achieved for all types of footwear (for example footwear with a penetration-resistant metallic insert)
Figure 1 Position to adopt during the kneel / crouch down test
After having completed all tasks, each wearer shall fill in the questionnaire given in table 2.
Table 2 Questionnaire for the assessment of ergonomic features
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Sampling and conditioning
5 Test methods for whole footwear
5.1 Specific ergonomic features
5.2 Determination of upper/outsole and sole interlayer bond strength
5.3 Determination of internal toecap length
5.4 Determination of impact resistance
5.5 Determination of compression resistance
5.6 Determination of compression resistance
5.7 Determination of leakproofness
5.8 Determination of the dimensional conformity of penetration-resistant inserts and the penetration resistance of the sole
5.9 Determination of the flex resistance of penetration-resistant inserts
5.10 Determination of electrical resistance
5.11 Determination of the electrical insulation
5.12 Determination of insulation against heat
5.13 Determination of insulation against cold
5.14 Determination of energy absorption of seat region
5.15 Determination of resistance to water for whole footwear
5.16 Determination of impact resistance of metatarsal protective device
5.17 Determination of the shock absorption capacity of ankle protection materials incorporated into the upper
6 Test methods for upper, lining and tongue
6.1 Determination of thickness of upper
6.2 Measurement of the height of the upper
6.3 Determination of tear strength of upper, lining and/or tongue
6.4 Determination of the tensile properties of upper material
6.5 Determination of upper flexing resistance
6.6 Determination of water vapour permeability
6.7 Determination of water vapour absorption
6.8 Determination of water vapour coefficient
6.9 Determination of pH value
6.10 Determination of resistance to hydrolysis of upper
6.11 Determination of chromium VI content
6.12 Determination of abrasion resistance of lining and insock
6.13 Determination of water penetration and water absorption for upper
6.14 Determination of resistance of upper to cutting
7 Test methods for insole and insock
7.1 Determination of insole thickness
7.2 Determination of water absorption and desorption of insole and insock
7.3 Determination of abrasion resistance of insole
8 Test method for outsole
8.1 Determination of outsole thickness
8.2 Determination of outsole abrasion resistance
8.3 Determination of outsole abrasion resistance
8.4 Determination of flexing resistance of outsole
8.5 Determination of resistance to hydrolysis of outsole
8.6 Determination of resistance to fuel oil
8.7 Determination of resistance to hot contact
Annex A (Informative) Other specifications for cotton canvas
Bibliography
個體防護裝備 鞋的測試方法
1 范圍
本標準規定了個體防護裝備中鞋的測試方法。
本標準適用于安全鞋、防護鞋和職業鞋，也適用于其他用于個體防護的鞋類。
2 規范性引用文件
下列文件中的條款通過本標準的引用而成為本標準的條款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其隨后所有的修改單（不包括勘誤的內容）或修訂版均不適用于本標準，然而，鼓勵根據本標準達成協議的各方研究是否可使用這些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本適用于本標準。
GB／T 308 滾動軸承 鋼球（GB／T 308-2002，neq ISO 3290：1998）
GB／T 528 硫化橡膠或熱塑性橡膠 拉伸應力應變性能的測定（GB／T 528-1998，eqv ISO 37：1994）
GB／T 529 硫化橡膠或熱塑性橡膠撕裂強度的測定（褲形、直角形和新月形試樣）（eqv GB／T 529-1999，ISO 34-1：1994）
GB／T 1690 硫化橡膠耐液體試驗方法（GB／T 1690-1992，neq ISO 1817：1985）
GB／T 2411 塑料邵氏硬度試驗方法
GB／T 5723 硫化橡膠或熱塑性橡膠 試驗用試樣和制品尺寸的測定（GB／T 5723-1993，eqv ISO 4648：1991）
GB／T 6682 分析實驗室用水規格和試驗方法（GB／T 6682-1992，neq ISO 3696：1987）
GB／T 9867 硫化橡膠耐磨性能的測定（GB／T 9867-1988，neq ISO 4649：1985）
GB 21146-2007 個體防護裝備 職業鞋（ISO 20347：2004，MOD）
GB 21147-2007 個體防護裝備 防護鞋（ISO 20346：2004，MOD）
GB 21148-2007 個體防護裝備 安全鞋（ISO 20345：2004，MOD）
HG／T 2581 橡膠或塑料涂覆織物耐撕裂性能的測定（HG／T 2581-1994，neq ISO 4674：1977）
QB／T 2710 皮革 物理和機械試驗 抗張強度和伸長率的測定（QB／T 2710-2005，ISO 3376：2002，MOD）
QB／T 2711 皮革 物理和機械試驗 撕裂力的測定：雙邊撕裂（QB／T 2711-2005，ISO 3377-2：2002，MOD）
QB／T 2716 皮革 化學試驗樣品的準備（QB／T 2716-2005，ISO 4044：1977，MOD）
QB／T 2724 皮革 化學試驗pH 的測定（QB／T 2724-2005，ISO 4045：1977，MOD）
3 術語和定義
GB 21146-2007、GB 21147-2007和GB 21148-2007確立的術語和定義適用于本標準。
4 取樣和調節
被測樣品的最少數量以及從每個樣品上取得的試樣最少數量應與表1一致。
為確保基本安全要求，試樣應從成鞋上取下。如果不能從鞋上獲得足夠大的試樣，則可以用生產該部分所用的材料樣品代替，并且應在測試報告中注明。
如果樣品要求三個鞋號，測試中應包括鞋的最大、最小和中間號。
除非測試方法中另有說明，所有試樣測試前應在（23±2）℃和相對濕度（50±5）％的標準環境中調節至少48h；從停止環境調節到測試開始之間的時間間隔最長不應超過10min。
表1 樣品和試樣的最少數量
鞋部件 測試的性能
B：基本要求
A：附加要求 條款號 樣品數量 從每個鞋號樣品中取得的試樣數量 只在成鞋上測試
成鞋 特定的工效學特征 B 5.1 3個鞋號每號取3雙 1雙 是
鞋幫與外底和鞋底中間層結合強度 B 5.2 3個鞋號每號取1只 1個 是
保護包頭內部長度 B 5.3 3個鞋號每號取1雙 1雙 是
抗沖擊性 B 5.4 3個鞋號每號取1雙 1雙 是
耐壓力性 B 5.5 3個鞋號每號取1雙 1雙 是
金屬保護包頭或金屬防刺穿墊耐腐蝕性 B 5.6 不同鞋號2只 1個 I類不是
II類是
防漏性 B 5.7 不同鞋號2只 1個 是
防刺穿墊尺寸符合性和抗刺穿性 A 5.8 3個鞋號每號取1雙 1雙 是
防刺穿墊耐折性 A 5.9 3個鞋號每號取1雙 1雙 不是
電阻 A 5.10 3個鞋號每號取1雙 1雙 是
電絕緣性 A 5.11 3個鞋號每號取1雙 1雙 是
隔熱性 A 5.12 不同鞋號2只 1個 是
防寒性 A 5.13 不同鞋號2只 1個 是
鞋座區域能量吸收 A 5.14 3個鞋號每號取1雙 1雙 是
防水性 A 5.15 3個鞋號每號取1雙 1雙 是
跖骨保護裝置抗沖擊性 A 5.16 3個鞋號每號取1雙 1雙 是
踝保護 A 5.17 3個鞋號每號取1雙 1雙 是
鞋幫、襯里和鞋舌 厚度 B 6.1 3個鞋號每號取1只 3個 是
鞋幫高度 B 6.2 3個鞋號每號取1只 3個 是
撕裂強度 B 6.3 3個鞋號每號取1只 3個 是
拉伸性能 B 6.4 3個鞋號每號取1只 3個 是
耐折性 B 6.5 3個鞋號每號取1只 1個 是
水蒸氣滲透性 B 6.6 3個鞋號每號取1只 1個 是
水蒸氣吸收性 B 6.7 3個鞋號每號取1只 1個 是
水蒸氣系數 B 6.8 3個鞋號每號取1只 1個 是
pH值 B 6.9 1只 2個 不是
水解 B 6.10 3個鞋號每號取1只 1個 是
六價鉻含量 B 6.11 1只 2個 不是
襯里耐磨性 B 6.12 3只 4個 不是
透水性和吸水性 A 6.13 3只 1個 不是
抗切割性 A 6.14 3只 4個 不是
內底和鞋墊 內底厚度 B 7.1 3只a 1個 不是
pH值 B 6.9 1只 2個 不是
吸水性和水解吸性 B 7.2 3只a 1個 不是
內底耐磨性 B 7.3 3只a 1個 不是
六價鉻含量 B 6.11 1只 2個 不是
鞋墊耐磨性 B 6.12 3只 4個 不是
外底 厚度 B 8.1 3個號每號取1只 1個 是
撕裂強度 B 8.2 3個號每號取1只 1個 是
耐磨性 B 8.3 3個號每號取1只 1個 是
耐折性 B 8.4 3個號每號取1只 1個 是
水解 B 8.5 3個號每號取1只 1個 是
耐油性 B 8.6 3個號每號取1只 1個 是
耐熱接觸性 B 8.7 3個號每號取1只 1個 是
a 如果樣品來自鞋，用3個不同鞋號。
5 成鞋的測試方法
5.1 特定的工效學特征
應在3個鞋號合適的穿著者腳上進行試穿，通過檢查鞋來評價特定的工效學特征。
在試穿期間，穿著正確合適的鞋的穿著者將模仿通常會做的動作。
這些動作是：
——以大約6 km／h的速度走5 min；
——上和下17級樓梯1min；
——跪／蹲下，見圖1。
注：彎曲程度不是所有類型鞋都會達到（如有金屬防刺穿墊的鞋）。
圖1 在跪／蹲下測試中采用的姿勢
完成所有動作后，每個穿著者應填寫表2給出的問卷。
表2 評價工效學特征的問卷
1 鞋里面是否沒有使你感到疼痛或受到傷害的粗糙、鋒利或硬塊？ 是 否
2 保護包頭或保護包頭邊緣覆蓋層是否沒有引起擠壓？ 是 否
3 鞋是否沒有你認為的在穿著時引起危險的特征？ 是 否
4 系結物是否能適當的調整？（如果需要） 是 否
5 是否能正常地執行以下動作？
步行 是 否
爬樓梯 是 否
跪／蹲下 是 否
5.2 鞋幫／外底和鞋底中間層結合強度的測定
5.2.1 原理
測量使鞋幫與外底分開，或使外底的各個相鄰層分開，或導致鞋幫或鞋底撕裂損壞所需力。
注：任何時候都應測試距結合邊緣最近處的結合強度。如果使用皮鞋配件（如用釘子或螺絲）或縫紉連接，則不需進行此項測試。
5.2.2 裝置
拉力機，能持續記錄作用力，具有（100±20）mm／min的夾具分離速度，精度為1級。配有（27.5±2.5）mm寬的夾具（依據試樣結構而定，見5.2.4），能牢固夾住試樣。
5.2.3 試樣的制備
5.2.3.1 鞋底／鞋幫結合強度：a型結構（見圖2）
從內部或外部結合區域切取試樣。
在鞋底、內底或外底邊緣的垂直方向沿x－x和y－y切割，制成寬約25 mm的試樣。自幫腳線測量鞋幫和鞋底長應約為15 mm（見圖3）。除去內底。
a型 b型
c型 d型
e型 f型
g型
a型——傳統結構，有延出邊緣的膠粘或模壓外底；
b型——傳統結構，修邊整齊的外底；
c型——傳統結構，直接注射、硫化外底或膠粘的碟形外底；
d型——內底與幫面為縫合結構，膠粘的碟形外底或直接注射或硫化外底；
e型——有橡膠擋板和膠粘外底的傳統結構或內底與幫面為縫合結構；
f型——機器縫合或貼邊使外底連接在整個底上；
g型——多層鞋底，如模壓底，一個模壓部件或一個構造部件。
圖2 顯示結合強度試樣制備位置的結構類型
單位為毫米
1——內底（除去）；
2——幫腳線；
3——外底。
圖3 試樣的橫截面
5.2.3.2 鞋底／鞋幫結合強度：b、c、d、e型結構（見圖2）
從內部或外部結合區域切取試樣。
沿x－x和y－y方向切割鞋幫和鞋底，制成寬約10mm、長不小于50mm的試樣。除去內底，在粘著層插入熱刀，將鞋幫從鞋底分離約10 mm長（見圖4）。
注：當從x－x到內底上表面的距離不少于8mm時，可以視為c或d型結構。
5.2.3.3 中間層結合強度：f和g型結構（見圖2）
從內部或外部結合區域切取試樣。
在x－x方向沿幫腳線切除鞋幫，如果有內底也要除掉。在y－y方向，平行并包括鞋底邊緣切下一條，制成約15 mm寬、至少50 mm長的試樣。在粘著層插入熱刀，將鞋底層分離約10 mm長（見圖4）。
5.2.4 結合強度的測定
測試前，用一個已校準的鋼尺測量試樣至少三處寬度并計算平均值，精確到毫米，再按下述方法之一測試至少30mm長的結合強度。
a） 鞋底／鞋幫結合強度（a型結構）：將試樣夾入拉力機的夾具，用一個夾具夾住鞋底的短邊（見圖5），并記錄以（100±20）mm／min速度分離時的力-位移曲線圖（見圖6）。
b） 鞋底／鞋幫結合強度（b、c、d、e型結構）和鞋底中間層結合強度（f和g型結構）：在夾具內夾住試樣分開的兩端，并記錄夾具以（100±20）mm／min速度分離時的力位移曲線圖（見圖6）。
單位為毫米
