Safety of machinery - Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of parts of the human body
1 Scope
This standard establishes the positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of parts of the human body.
It specifies parameters based on values for approach speeds of parts of the human body and provides a methodology to determine the minimum distances to a hazard zone from the detection zone or from actuating devices of safeguards.
The values for approach speeds (walking speed and upper limb movement) in this standard are time tested and proven in practical experience. This standard gives guidance for calculating minimum distances in case of typical approaches. Other types of approach, for example running, jumping or falling, are not considered in this standard.
Note 1: Other types of approach can result in approach speeds that are higher or lower than those defined in this standard.
Safeguards considered in this standard include:
a) electro-sensitive protective equipment [see IEC 61496 (all parts)], including:
——light curtains and light grids (AOPDs);
——laser scanners (AOPDDRs) and two-dimensional vision systems;
b) pressure-sensitive protective equipment (see GB/T 17454.1, GB/T 17454.2 and GB/T 17454.3), especially pressure-sensitive mats;
c) two-hand control devices (see GB/T 19671);
d) interlocking guards without guard locking (see GB/T 18831).
This standard specifies minimum distances from the detection zone, plane, line, point or interlocking guard access point to the hazard zone for hazards caused by moving parts of the machine (e.g. crushing, shearing, drawing-in).
This standard is applicable to the machinery specified in GB/T 15706.
Protection against the risks from hazards arising from the ejection of solid or fluid materials, emissions, radiation and electricity are not covered by this standard.
Note 2: Anthropometric data from the 5th to the 95th percentile of persons of 14 years and older were used in the determination of the intrusion distance value “C” in the equations.
Note 3: The data in this standard are based on experience of industrial application; it is the responsibility of the designer to take this into account when using this standard for non-industrial applications.
Note 4: Data specifically for children have not been used in this standard. Until specific data are available for approach speeds for children, it is the responsibility of the designer to calculate the distances taking into account that children might be quicker and that a child might be detected later.
The standard is not applicable to safeguards (e.g. pendant two-hand control devices) that can be moved, without using tools, nearer to the hazard zone than the calculated minimum distance.
The minimum distances derived from this standard are not applicable to safeguards used to detect the presence of persons within an area already protected by a guard or electro-sensitive protective equipment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100: 2010, IDT)
GB 23821-2009 Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857: 2008, IDT)
IEC 61496-1: 2004 Safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part 1: General requirements and tests
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Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4 Methodology
5 General equation for the calculation of the overall system stopping performance and minimum distances
5.1 Overall system stopping performance
5.2 Minimum distance
6 Calculation of minimum distances for electro-sensitive protective equipment employing active opto-electronic protective systems
6.1 General
6.2 Detection zone orthogonal to the direction of approach
6.3 Detection zone parallel to the direction of approach
6.4 Detection zone angled to the direction of approach
6.5 Prevention of access to the hazard zone by circumventing the detection zone of electro-sensitive protective equipment
6.6 Indirect approach - Path from detection zone to hazard zone restricted by obstacles
7 Method of calculating the positioning of pressure-sensitive mats or floors
7.1 General
7.2 Step mounting
8 Two-hand control devices
9 Interlocking guards without guard locking
Annex A (Informative) Worked examples
Annex B (Informative) Termination of hazardous machine functions
Annex C (Informative) Example for considering indirect approaches
Annex D (Informative) Measurement and calculation of overall system stopping performance
Annex E (Informative) Number of beams and their height above the reference plane
Bibliography
