Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
GB/T 17888 Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery consists of the following four parts:
——Part 1: Choice of fixed means and general requirements of access;
——Part 2: Working platforms and walkways;
——Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails;
——Part 4: Fixed ladders.
This is Part 4 of GB/T 17888.
This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-12009.
This part replaces GB/T 17888.4-2008 Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 4: Fixed ladders. The following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 17888.4-2008:
The translation method used in this part is equivalent to ISO 14122-4: 2016 Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 4: Fixed ladders.
The Chinese documents identical to the normative international documents given in this part are as follows:
——GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100: 2010, IDT)
——GB/T 17888.1-2020 Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 1: Choice of fixed means and general requirements of access (ISO 14122-1: 2016, IDT)
——GB/T 17888.2-2020 Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2: 2016, 1DT)
——GB/T 17388.3-2020 Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails (ISO 14122-3: 2016, IDT)
This part was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee of Safety of Machinery of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 208).
The previous editions of standards replaced by this part are as follows:
——GB 17888.4-1999 and GB/T 17888.4-2008.
?
Introduction
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows:
——Type-A standards (basic safety standards) give basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that may be applied to machinery.
——Type-B standards (generic safety standards) deal with one or more safety aspect(s) or one or more type(s) of safeguard that may be used across a wide range of machinery:
· type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
· type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand control devices, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive devices and protective devices).
——Type-C standards (machinery safety standards) deal with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines.
This part of GB/T 17888 is a type-B standard as stated in GB/T 15706.
This part is particularly relevant to the following parties concerned with mechanical safety:
——machine manufacturers;
——health and safety bodies.
Others that may be affected by the level of machinery safety are as follows:
——machine users;
——machine owners;
——service providers;
——consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting process of this part.
In addition, this part is intended for standardization bodies elaborating type-C standards.
The requirements of this part may be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard.
For machines which are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and built according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take precedence.
The purpose of GB/T 17888 is to define the general requirements for safe access to machines. GB/T 17888.1 gives guidance about the correct choice of access means when the necessary access to the machine is not possible directly from the ground level or from a floor or platform.
The dimensions specified by this part are consistent with established ergonomic data given in ISO 15534-3.
Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 4: Fixed ladders
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 17888 gives requirements for fixed ladders which are a part of a stationary machine, and to the non-powered adjustable parts (e.g. foldable, slidable) and movable parts of fixed ladder systems.
Note 1: “Fixed” means of access are those mounted in such a manner (for example, by screws, nuts, welding) that they may only be removed by the use of tools.
This part specifies minimum requirements that also apply when the same means of access is required as the part of the building (e.g. fixed ladders) where the machine is installed, on condition that the main function of that part of the construction is to provide a means of access to the machine.
Note 2: Where no other standards exist, this part of may be used also for means of access which are outside the scope of this part.
This part is used in conjunction with the requirements specified in GB T 17888.1 for fixed ladder systems.
The GB/T 17888 series as a whole is applicable to both stationary and mobile machinery equipped with fixed means of access. It is not applicable to powered means of access such as lifts, escalators, or other devices specially designed to lift persons between two levels.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100 Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 14122-1: 2016 Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 1: Choice of fixed means and general requirements of access
ISO 14122-2: 2016 Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working platforms and walkways
ISO 14122-3: 2016 Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails
EN 353-1: 2014 Personal fall protective equipment — Guided type fall arresters including an anchor line — Part 1: Guided type fall arresters including a rigid anchor line
EN 795 Personal fall protection equipment — Anchor devices
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100, ISO 14122-1 and the following apply.
3.1
fixed ladder system
ladder system
fixed ladder
installation of at least one ladder flight (3.4), fall protection (3.7), where appropriate, as well as landing(s) and/or platform(s)
Note: In this part, the abbreviation “ladder” and “ladder flight” is used for fixed ladders and fixed ladder flights, respectively.
3.2
ladder with two stiles
ladder, according to ISO 14122-1: 2016, 3.1, where the rungs are arranged between and attached to the stiles
Note: The stiles carry the load (see Figure 1).
Figure 1 Ladder with two stiles
3.3
ladder with one stile
ladder, according to ISO 14122-1: 2016, 3.1, where the rungs are attached to both sides of the stile
Note: The stile carries the load alone (see Figure 2).
Figure 2 Ladder with one stile
3.4
ladder flight
continuous part of the fixed ladder (3.1):
——between the departure area (3.8) and arrival area (3.9), in the case of ladders without platforms;
——between the departure area (3.8) or arrival area (3.9) and the nearest platform;
——sequentially between landings or rest platforms (3.12)
Note: See Figures 3 a) and 3 b).
3.5
climbing height of ladder system
total height
H
vertical distance between the departure area on the ground and the arrival area (3.9) at the top of a ladder system (3.1)
Note 1: See Figure 3 a).
Note 2: In case of staggered ladder flights (3.4), the vertical distance between departure area (3.8) of the first flight and the arrival area (3.9) at the top of the last flight.
3.6
height of ladder flight
h
vertical distance of each staggered ladder flight (3.4)
Note: See Figure 3 b).
a) Single ladder flight b) Staggered ladder flights
Key
1——Departure area;
2——Arrival area;
H——Climbing height of ladder system;
3——Intermediate platform or intermediate landing;
4——Ladder flight;
h——Height of ladder flight.
Figure 3 Height of ladder flights and location of intermediate platforms/landings
3.7
fall protection
technical measure to prevent or to minimize the risk of people falling from ladders
3.7.1
safety cage
cage-shaped protective device, permanently fixed to the ladder, to minimize the risk of persons falling from ladders
Note: See Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 20 a) and Figure B.1.
3.7.2
guided type fall arrester on rigid anchorage line
fall arrester
protective equipment permanently fixed to the ladder and used in combination with personal protective equipment
Note: See also definition in EN 353-1 and EN 363.
3.8
departure area
entrance
bottom level of the surroundings or of the intermediate platform (3.11) from which a person starts to climb the ladder or ladder system (3.1)
Note: See Figures 3 a) and 3 b).
3.9
arrival area
exit
top level of the surroundings or of the intermediate platform (3.11) to which, the person steps after the ascent or the descent downwards starts
Note 1: See Figures 3 a) and 3 b).
Note 2: In a ladder system with staggered flights, the arrival area (3.9) may also be a departure area (3.8) for subsequent ascent.
3.10
intermediate landing
horizontal structure between two consecutive ladder flights (3.4), used with ladders having staggered flights, which is designed to change the ladder flights or for resting
Note: See Figure 20.
3.11
intermediate platform
horizontal structure between two consecutive ladder flights (3.4) which is designed to allow more than one person at the same time to change or to rest in the ladder system
Note: See Figure 19.
3.12
rest platform
horizontal structure on a single ladder flight (3.4) which is designed to allow more than one person at same time to rest in the ladder system
Note: See Figure 18.
3.13
movable rest landing
area equipped with the required protective means designed to incite that the user of the ladder system (3.1) can rest but cannot interchange
Note: See Figures 21 a) and 21 c).
3.14
access platform
horizontal structure at the departure area (3.8) or arrival area (3.9) used by a person for access to a ladder system (3.1)
3.15
trap door
hatch, intended to be opened temporarily to provide access through a platform or other horizontal structure
Note: See Figure 13.
3.16
non-trained user
person without experience how to use the fall arrester
3.17
well-trained user
person with instruction and experience in how to use the fall arrester
Example: Installer of wind turbine set.
4 Selection and design of ladder systems
4.1 General
4.1.1 Design and construction
Ladder systems are designed with staggered flights or single flight (see 4.3.2 and 4.3.3).
The ladder(s) should be designed with two stiles. In exceptional cases (e.g. insufficient space for installation a ladder with two stiles or where a fall arrester is required, because of an altering inclination of the ladder system), ladder(s) with one stile may be foreseen.
4.1.2 Choice depending on available space
Minimum space may be achieved by using single flights (see 4.3.3 for height restrictions for a single flight).
Medium space is required when using consecutive staggered flights with landings (see Figure 20).
Maximum space is required when staggered flights are equipped with intermediate platforms (see Figure 19).
4.1.3 Spacing between the ladder and any permanent obstruction
The space between the ladder and any permanent obstruction or obstacles (see Figure 4) shall be:
a) measured from the front of the rungs:
1) in front of the ladder:
——at least 650mm or, where obstacles such as pipes or cable trays, 600mm;
2) behind the ladder:
——at least 200mm or, where obstacles such as pipes or cable trays, 150mm.
b) measured from behind of the rungs:
behind the ladder:
——at least 75mm, except the upper rung, which shall be between 60mm and 75mm.
If the stiles are designed to be used as a handrail, the space around the stiles shall be at least 75mm, except at the level at the arrival area.
?
In mm
Key
1——Arrival area;
2——Obstacles such as pipes or cable trays.
Figure 4 Space dimensions with permanent obstacles
4.2 Choice of a type fall protection device
4.2.1 Necessity of a fall protection device
In case of an overall falling height ≥3,000mm, the ladder shall be fitted with a fall protection device.
4.2.2 Types of fall protection devices
The main alternatives for protection of the users of fixed ladders against falling from a height are the following:
a) Safety cage
The cage is a means which is always present and the actual level of safety is independent of the operator’s actions, therefore it is the preferred choice.
b) Guided type fall arrester on rigid anchorage line (fall arrester)
A fall arrester is only effective if the user chooses to use it. If a harness with an incompatible sliding system is used with a guided type fall arrester, there will be a risk of falling. A combination of both safety cage and fall arrester, shall not be applied.
4.2.3 Guidance for a risk assessment
For the selection of a suitable type of fall protection device, a risk assessment in accordance with ISO 12100 shall be made for each particular application and especially when drafting type-C standards. The relevant aspects to be taken into account are, for example, the following:
a) access conditions, such as:
1) range limits;
2) design limits;
b) total climbing height for a fixed ladder;
c) quantum of risk of falling from height and expected severity of injuries;
d) human aspects, such as:
1) fatigue;
2) stress;
3) experience, ability and training;
e) rescue aspects;
f) environmental aspects, such as:
1) wind;
2) extreme temperatures;
g) frequency of use:
1) occasional;
2) common;
h) handling of:
1) tools;
2) spare parts.
4.3 Height of ladder flights and fall protection device
4.3.1 Limits of space
Surrounding structures, e.g. walls, parts of machines, can provide protection equivalent to a safety cage when they provide a containment area with dimensions similar to those given for a safety cage in 5.5.1.2.
4.3.2 Ladder systems >3,000mm and ≤10,000mm total height, H
These shall be designed as follows:
——staggered flights with a maximum height of the flight, h, of 6,000mm, equipped with a safety cage;
——a single flight, equipped with a safety cage;
——a single flight, equipped with a guided type fall arrester on a rigid anchorage line (fall arrester).
Where it is not possible to use a cage, individual protective equipment, e.g. a fall arrester, shall be provided.
Note: Fall arresters are intended to be used only by well-trained users (see Clause 7).
4.3.3 Ladder systems >10,000mm total height, H
These shall be designed as follows:
——staggered flights with a maximum height of the flight, h, of not more than 6,000mm equipped either with a safety cage;
——staggered flights equipped with a fall arrester;
——a single flight be equipped with a fall arrester.
For non-trained users, only staggered flights equipped with a safety cage shall be provided.
Where it is not possible to use a cage, individual protective equipment shall be provided.
Note: Fall arresters are intended to be used only by well-trained users (see Clause 7).
4.4 Platforms and landings
4.4.1 Installation of platforms at arrival and departure areas
If the present areas on site at the departure area and arrival area are not built horizontally, solidly and even, platforms or other means shall be applied to achieve this requirement.
4.4.2 Arrangement of platforms and landings for ladders with a total height, H >10,000mm
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Selection and design of ladder systems
4.1 General
4.2 Choice of a type fall protection device
4.3 Height of ladder flights and fall protection device
4.4 Platforms and landings
5 Specific requirements of ladder systems
5.1 General requirements
5.2 Ladder with two stiles
5.3 Ladder with one stile
5.4 Departure and arrival areas
5.5 Fall protection device
5.6 Platforms and landings
5.7 Requirements on movable parts of fixed ladders
6 Verification of safety requirements
6.1 General
6.2 Tests of fixed ladders with two stiles
6.3 Test of fixed ladders with one stile
6.4 Test of extensions of guard-rails
7 Information for use for fixed ladders
7.1 Instruction handbook
7.2 Marking of ladder systems with fall arrester
Annex A (Normative) Requirements for the design of anti-climb devices
Annex B (Informative) Summary of main dimensions of a fixed ladder equipped with a safety cage
Annex C (Informative) Significant technical changes between this part and GB/T 17888.4-
Bibliography
機械安全 接近機械的固定設施
第4部分：固定式直梯
1 范圍
GB/T 17888的本部分規定了作為固定式機器組成部分的固定式直梯，以及固定式直梯系統不帶動力的可調(如可折疊、可滑動)部件和活動部件的要求。
注1：“固定式"接近設施是指完成安裝(如通過螺釘、螺母、焊接)后，只有使用工具才能移除的接近設施。
本部分規定的最低要求也適用于安裝機器的建筑物上的同類接近設施(如固定式直梯)，前提是此類設施的主要功能是供接近機器使用。
注2：如果沒有其他標準，本部分也適用于本部分范圍之外的接近設施。
本部分與GB T 17888.1中針對固定式直梯系統規定的要求一起使用。
GB/T 17888適用于配有固定式接近設施的固定式機械和移動式機械，不適用于帶動力的接近設施，如電梯、自動扶梯或其他專門設計用于在兩級平面之間提升人員的裝置。
2 規范性引用文件
下列文件對于本文件的應用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
ISO 12100 機械安全 設計通則 風險評估與風險減小(Safety of machinery—General principles for design—Risk assessment and risk reduction)
ISO 14122-1：2016機械安全 接近機械的固定設施 第1部分：固定設施的選擇及接近的一般要求(Safety of machinery—Permanent means of access to machinery—Part 1：Choice of fixed means and general requirements of access)
ISO 14122-2：2016 機械安全 接近機械的固定設施 第2部分：工作平臺與通道(Safety of machinery—Permanent means of access to machinery—Part 2：Working platforms and walkways)
ISO 14122-3：2016 機械安全 接近機械的固定設施 第3部分：樓梯、階梯和護欄(Safety of machinery—Permanent means of access to machinery—Part 3：Stairs，stepladders and guard-rails)
EN 353-1：2014 個體墜落防護裝備 帶錨軌的導軌式防墜器 第1部分：帶剛性錨軌的導軌式防墜器(Personal fall protective equipment—Guided type fall arresters including an anchor line—Part 1：Guided type fall arresters including a rigid anchor line)
EN 795 個體防墜落保護裝備 錨定裝置(Personal fall protection equipment—Anchor devices)
3 術語和定義
ISO 12100、ISO 14122-1界定的以及下列術語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
固定式直梯系統 fixed ladder system
直梯系統 ladder system
固定式直梯 fixed ladder
至少由梯段(3.4)、墜落保護(3.7)，適當時還包括梯臺和/或平臺組成的裝置。
注：在本部分中，縮略語“直梯”和“梯段”分別是指固定式直梯和固定式直梯梯段。
3.2
雙立柱直梯 ladder with two stiles
根據ISO 14122-1：2016中的3.1，踏棍布置在兩根立柱之間并與立柱連接的直梯。
注：兩根立柱承載(見圖1)。
圖1 雙立柱直梯
3.3
單立柱直梯 ladder with one stile
根據ISO 14122-1：2016中的3.1，踏棍固定在立柱兩側的直梯。
注：只有一根立柱承載(見圖2)。
圖2 單立柱直梯
3.4
梯段 ladder flight
固定式直梯(3.1)的連續部分：
——對于無平臺的直梯，位于啟程區(3.8)與到達區(3.9)之間；
——位于啟程區(3.8)或到達區(3.9)與最近的平臺之間；
——位于梯臺或休息平臺(3.12)之間。
注：見圖3 a)和圖3 b)。
3.5
直梯系統上升高度 climbing height of ladder system
總高度 total height
H
地面啟程區與直梯系統(3.1)頂部到達區(3.9)之間的垂直距離。
注1：見圖3 a)。
注2：對于交錯梯段(3.4)，該距離是指第一梯段的啟程區(3.8)與最末頂部到達區(3.9)之間的垂直距離。
3.6
梯段高度 height of ladder flight
h
每個交錯梯段(3.4)的垂直距離。
注：見圖3 b)。
a) 單梯段 b) 交錯梯段
說明：
1——啟程區；
2——到達區；
H——直梯系統上升高度；
3——中間平臺或中間梯臺；
4——梯段；
h——梯段高度。
圖3 梯段高度和中間平臺/中間梯臺的位置
3.7
墜落保護 fall protection
防止人員從直梯上墜落或盡可能減小人員從直梯上墜落的風險而采取的技術措施。3.7.1
安全護籠 safety cage
永久固定在直梯上用于盡可能減小人員從直梯上墜落的風險的籠形保護裝置。
注：見圖14、圖15，圖 20 a)和圖B.1。
3.7.2
剛性導軌上的導軌式防墜器 guided type fall arrester on rigid anchorage line
防墜器 fall arrester
永久固定在直梯上并與個體防護裝備一起使用的保護設備。
注：定義也可見EN 353-1和EN 363。
3.8
啟程區 departure area
入口 entrance
人員開始攀爬直梯或直梯系統(3.1)的周邊或中間平臺(3.11)的底部表面。
注：見圖3 a)和圖3 b)。
3.9
到達區 arrival area
出口 exit
人員攀爬直梯后或開始走下直梯時所踩踏的周邊或中間平臺(3.11)的頂部表面。
注1：見圖3 a)和圖3 b)。
注2：在有交錯梯段的直梯系統中，到達區(3.9)也可以是下一次攀爬的啟程區(3.8)。
3.10
中間梯臺 intermediate landing
有交錯梯段的直梯中，兩個連續梯段(3.4)之間設計用于轉換梯段或休息的水平結構。
注：見圖20。
3.11
中間平臺 intermediate platform
兩個連續梯段(3.4)之間設計用于多人同時轉換梯段或同時休息的水平結構。
注：見圖19。
3.12
休息平臺 rest platform
單個梯段(3.4)中，設計用于多人同時在直梯系統中休息的水平結構。
注：見圖18。
3.13
活動式休息梯臺 movable rest landing
配備了所需的保護措施且設計用于直梯系統(3.1)使用者休息但不可以轉換到其他梯段的區域。
注：見圖21 a)和圖21 b)。
3.14
出入平臺 access platform
在啟程區(3.8)或到達區(3.9)人員用來進入直梯系統(3.1)的水平結構。
3.15
活門 trap door
臨時打開后，可為通過平臺或其他水平結構提供入口的門。
注：見圖13。
3.16
未經培訓的使用者 non-trained user
沒有使用防墜器經驗的人員。
3.17
訓練有素的使用者 well-trained user
了解防墜器且具備使用經驗的人員。
示例：風力發電機組的安裝人員。
4 直梯系統的選擇與設計
4.1 一般要求
4.1.1 設計與建造
直梯系統通常設計成交錯梯段或單梯段(見4.3.2和4.3.3)。
直梯宜設計成雙立柱。特殊情況下(如安裝雙立柱直梯沒有足夠空間，或者由于直梯系統的傾角改變而需要防墜器)，可采用單立柱直梯。
4.1.2 根據可獲得的空間進行選擇
采用單梯段可使得所需的空間最小(單梯段的高度限制見4.3.3)。
采用帶梯臺的連續交錯梯段需要中等的空間(見圖20)。
交錯梯段配備了中間休息平臺時，需要的空間最大(見圖19)。
4.1.3 直梯與永久性障礙物之間的空間
直梯與任何永久性障礙物或阻擋物之間的空間(見圖4)應：
a) 從踏棍前方測量：
1) 在直梯的前方：
——至少為650 mm，或者阻擋物為管道或電纜橋架時，至少為600 mm；
2) 在直梯后方：
——至少為200 mm，或者阻擋物為管道或電纜橋架時，至少為150 mm。
b) 從踏棍后方測量：
在直梯后方：
——至少為75 mm，對于頂部踏棍，應為60 mm～75 mm。
如果立柱設計用作扶手，則除了到達區所在的平面之外，立柱周圍的空間應至少為75 mm。
單位為毫米
說明：
1——到達區；
2——管道或電纜橋架等障礙物。
圖4 有永久性障礙物的空間尺寸
4.2 墜落保護裝置類型的選擇
4.2.1 墜落保護裝置的必要性
如果墜落高度大于或等手3000 mm，則應為直梯配備墜落保護裝置。
4.2.2 墜落保護裝置的類型
防止固定式直梯使用者從高處墜落主要有以下兩種保護裝置可選：
a) 安全護籠
護籠是一種永久性設施，其實際安全性與操作者行為無關，因此是首選。
b) 剛性導軌上的導軌式防墜器(防墜器)
只有使用者使用時才有效。如果安全帶的滑動系統與導軌式防墜器不兼容，則有墜落風險。不應既采用護籠又采用防墜器。
4.2.3 風險評估的指南
選擇合適的墜落保護裝置類型時，應針對每種具體應用按照ISO 12100進行風險評估，尤其是在起草C類標準時。應考慮的因素示例如下：
a) 接近條件，如：
1) 范圍限制；
2) 設計限制；
b) 固定式直梯的總上升高度；
c) 高處墜落的總風險以及預期的傷害嚴重程度；
d) 人的因素，如：
1) 疲勞；
2) 壓力；
3) 經驗、能力和培訓；
e) 救援因素；
f) 環境因素，如：
1) 風；
2) 極端溫度；
g) 使用頻率：
1) 偶爾；
2) 經常；
h) 物件搬運：
1) 工具；
2) 備件。
4.3 梯段高度與墜落保護裝置
4.3.1 空間限制
如果墻或機器部件等周圍結構提供的空間尺寸與5.5.1.2中的護籠提供的尺寸類似，則可提供與安全護籠等效的保護。
4.3.2 3 000 mm＜直梯系統總高度H≤10 000 mm
應按以下要求設計：
——梯段最大高度h為6 000 mm的交錯梯段，且配備安全護籠；
——單梯段，且配備安全護籠；
——單梯段，且配備剛性導軌上的導軌式防墜器(防墜器)。
無法使用安全護籠時，應提供防墜器等個體防護裝備。
注：防墜器只能預定由訓練有素的使用者使用(見第7章)。
4.3.3 直梯系統總高度H＞10 000 mm
應按以下要求設計：
——梯段最大高度h不大于6 000 mm的交錯梯段，且配備安全護籠；
——交錯梯段，且配備防墜器；
——單梯段，且配備防墜器。
對于未經培訓的使用者，只能采用配備了護籠的交錯梯段。
無法使用護籠時，應提供個體防護裝備。
注：防墜器只能預定由訓練有素的使用者使用(見第7章)。
4.4 平臺與梯臺
4.4.1 啟程區和到達區平臺的安裝
如果啟程區和到達區的現場區域不是水平的、牢固的和平坦的，則應采用平臺或其他措施來滿足要求。
4.4.2 直梯總高度H＞10 000 mm時平臺和梯臺的布置
4.4.2.1 一般要求
如果預期有多人同時使用直梯系統，則應根據墜落保護裝置的類型，提供中間平臺或梯臺(見4.4.2.2～4.4.2.4)。
4.4.2.2 配備護籠的直梯
交錯梯段直梯系統的中間平臺或中間梯臺[見圖3b)]的間距應小于或等于6 000 mm。
4.4.2.3 總高度H≥24 000 mm且配備防墜器的直梯
單梯段直梯配備間距小于或等于24 000 mm的休息平臺(見圖5)。如果空間足夠，還應在休息平臺之間額外配備間距小于或等于12 000 mm的休息平臺(見圖5)；如果空間不夠，可安裝滿足5.6.4的活動式休息梯臺。
交錯梯段直梯應配備間距小于或等于24 000 mm的中間平臺(見圖19)。如果空間足夠，還應在休息平臺之間額外配備間距小于或等于12 000 mm的休息平臺(見圖5)；如果空間足夠，可安裝滿足5.6.4的活動式休息梯臺。
4.4.2.4 總高度H＜24 000 mm且配備防墜器的直梯
應提供間隔小于或等于12 000 mm的休息平臺(見圖18)。如果沒有足夠的空間，可安裝滿足5.6.4的活動式休息梯臺。
