GB 20943-2025 Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for AC-DC and AC-AC power supplies
1 Scope
This document specifies the energy efficiency grades and energy efficiency limits of power supplies (hereinafter referred to as products) that convert AC voltage to low-voltage DC (not more than 60V) or low-voltage AC (not more than 42.4V) output voltages under 220V and 50Hz power supply conditions, and describes the corresponding test methods.
This document is applicable to:
a) External power supply with rated output power not greater than 500W and internal power supply with rated output power not greater than 27.5kW for microcomputers and servers;
b) Extension cord receptacles, wall receptacles, and power parts of converters for power adapters with universal serial bus (USB) ports.
This document is not applicable to, except those specified in b), combined products with an external power supply as an auxiliary function, combined products with batteries (including products that charge independent batteries), external power supplies with wireless charging, external power supplies for power over ethernet (POE), and products that power industrial equipment, vehicles, and medical devices.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and judgment of limiting values
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
external power supply
adapter
product that converts the AC grid voltage to DC or AC voltage and is connected to electrical products through wires, cables or other interfaces to provide one or more DC or AC output voltages when in use
Note: The power supply can be used independently, not fixed on the electrical products, and completely separated from the electrical products.
3.2
single voltage output external power supply
external power supply that provides only one DC or AC output voltage per use
Note: The power supply with nominal output voltage less than 6V and nominal output current greater than or equal to 550mA is low-voltage single voltage output external power supply, or basic voltage single voltage output external power supply, except for low voltage.
3.3
adjustable voltage single voltage output external power supply
external power supply is adjustable by means of single-port protocol and other methods, and provides only one DC or AC output voltage per use
3.4
multiple voltage output external power supply
external power supply that connected to electrical products through multiple wires, cables or multiple output ports to provide more DC or AC output voltages when in use
3.5
internal power supply
AC-DC power supply that connected to equipment or components that use its power supply through output connector, and jointly installed in the same equipment housing, with a relatively independent power supply form
3.6
active mode
the mode of output current between zero (excluding) to rated current where the input end of product is connected to network source and output end is connected to load
3.7
no load mode
the mode that the input end of product is connected to the network source and the output end is not connected to load or the load does not consume electric energy
3.8
active mode efficiency
ratio of actual output power to actual input active power where the product reaches steady active mode
3.9
average efficiency
average of active mode efficiency of product under the current intensity of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of the rated output current.
3.10
minimum allowable values of energy efficiency for external power supply
the allowable minimum average efficiency, the maximum active power under no-load conditions and the minimum power factor in the rated state of product under the test conditions specified in this document
3.11
minimum allowable values of energy efficiency for internal power supply
the allowable minimum active mode efficiency and the minimum power factor of product under the test conditions specified in this document
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Energy efficiency grade
4.1.1 Energy efficiency grade of external power supply
Energy efficiency grades of external power supply are classified into 3 grades and energy efficiency Grade 1 therein is the highest. The minimum average efficiency at each level of active mode, maximum active power under no load mode, and minimum power factor under rated condition of the external power supply shall meet the requirements of Tables 1 to 4. Among them, for products with adjustable voltage single voltage output, two modes of minimum output voltage and maximum output voltage shall be tested. As the nominal value of output power shall meet the requirements of Table 3, the lower of the corresponding level of the two shall be selected to determine the energy efficiency grade of the product.
The minimum average efficiency in the active mode, the maximum active power in the no load mode, and the minimum power factor in the rated state of the external power supply shall be rounded off to 3 decimal places in accordance with GB/T 8170.
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Technical requirements
5 Test methods
Annex A (Normative) Test methods of external power supply average efficiency, no-load active power and power factor
Annex B (Normative) Methods of multiple voltage output external power supply load combination
Annex C (Informative) Example description of multiple voltage output external power supply load combination
Annex D (Normative) Test methods of embedded power supply efficiency and power factor
交流-直流和交流-交流 電源能效限定值及能效等級
1 范圍
本文件規定了在220V、50Hz供電條件下將交流電壓轉換為低壓直流(不大于60V)或低壓交流(不大于42.4V)輸出電壓的電源(以下簡稱產品)的能效等級和能效限定值，描述了相應試驗方法。
本文件適用于：
a)額定輸出功率不大于500W的外部電源和額定輸出功率不大于27.5kW的微型計算機和服務器用嵌入式電源；
b)帶通用串行總線(USB)端口電源適配器的延長線插座、墻壁式插座和轉換器的電源部分。
本文件不適用于除b)之外的以外部電源為輔助功能的組合式產品、帶電池的組合式產品(含給獨立電池充電的產品)、帶無線充電功能的外部電源、以太網供電(POE)外部電源,也不適用于給工業用設備、交通工具、醫療器械供電的產品。
2 規范性引用文件
下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。
GB/T 8170 數值修約規則與極限數值的表示和判定
3 術語和定義
下列術語和定義適用于本文件。
3.1
外部電源 external power supply
電源適配器 adapter
將交流電網電壓轉換為直流或者交流電壓,通過電線、電纜或其他接口與用電產品相連接,使用時提供一個或多個直流或者交流輸出電壓的產品。
注：電源可獨立使用,不固定安裝于用電產品上,與用電產品完全分離。
3.2
單路輸出式外部電源 single voltage output external power supply
每次使用時只提供一個直流或者交流輸出電壓的外部電源。
注：標稱輸出電壓小于6V且標稱輸出電流大于或者等于550mA的為低電壓單路輸出式外部電源,除低電壓以外的為基本電壓單路輸出式外部電源。
3.3
可調電壓單路輸出式外部電源 adjustable voltage single voltage output external power supply
通過單口協議等方式實現輸出電壓可調，且每次使用時只提供一個直流或者交流輸出電壓的外部電源。
3.4
多路輸出式外部電源 multiple voltage output external power supply
通過多路電線、電纜或多個輸出端口與用電產品相連接，使用時，能同時提供多個直流或者交流輸出電壓的外部電源。
3.5
嵌入式電源 internal power supply
通過輸出連接器與使用其供電的設備或組件等進行連接，并共同安裝于同一設備外殼內，具備相對獨立電源形態的交流-直流電源。
3.6
工作狀態 active mode
產品輸入端連接到電網電源上，輸出端連接到負載上，輸出電流在零(不含)至額定電流之間的狀態。
3.7
空載狀態 noload mode
產品輸入端連接到電網電源上,輸出端不連接負載或負載不消耗電能的狀態。
3.8
工作效率 active mode efficiency
產品達到穩定工作狀態時，實際輸出功率與實際輸入有功功率之比。
3.9
平均效率 average efficiency
產品在滿足額定輸出電流的100%、75%、50%和25%四種電流強度的工作狀態下的工作效率的平均值。
3.10
外部電源能效限定值 minimum allowable values of energy efficiency for external power supply
在本文件規定測試條件下，所允許的產品最小的平均效率、空載狀態下最大的有功功率和額定狀態下的最小功率因數。
3.11
嵌入式電源能效限定值 minimum allowable values of energy efficiency for internal power supply
在本文件規定測試條件下,所允許的產品最小的工作效率和最小功率因數值。
4 技術要求
4.1 能效等級
4.1.1 外部電源能效等級
外部電源能效等級分為3級,其中1級能效最高。外部電源各等級工作狀態下的最小平均效率、空載狀態下的最大有功功率和額定狀態下的最小功率因數應符合表1~表4的規定。其中，可調電壓單路輸出式產品，則應測試最小輸出電壓與最大輸出電壓兩種狀態,依據輸出功率標稱值符合表3的規定，取兩者對應等級的較低者判定產品能效等級。
外部電源工作狀態下的最小平均效率、空載狀態下的最大有功功率和額定狀態下的最小功率因數數值應按照GB/T 8170的規定進行修約，均修約到3位小數。
