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This standard is formulated with a view to implementing the laws and regulations such as Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste, Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution and Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, preventing environmental pollution and improving the ecological and environmental quality.
This standard specifies the requirements for site selection, operating, monitoring, waste storage, compatibility, ecological environment protection during incineration and disposal of hazardous waste incineration facility, as well as their implementation and supervision, etc.
This standard is mandatory.
This standard was issued in 1999 and revised for the first time in 2001. This is the second revision.
The main revisions are as follows:
——the definition of hazardous waste is improved;
——the definitions of high temperature section of incinerator, average value, 1-hour average value, 24-hour average value, daily average value, emission concentration at baseline oxygen content, existing incineration facility and new incineration facility are added;
——terms and definitions such as incineration residues, flue gas residence time, incinerator, temperature of incinerator, incineration amount and destruction removal efficiency are modified;
——the site selection requirements for hazardous waste incineration facility are improved;
——the incineration waste requirements for hazardous waste incineration facility and the monitoring requirements for pollutants from incineration facility are adjusted;
——the technical index of carbon monoxide concentration of flue gas in incinerator is added;
——the emission limit index of flue gas blackness is canceled;
——the requirements and operating requirements for automatic on-line monitoring device and combustion-supporting device for hazardous waste incineration facility are supplemented;
——the classification of hazardous waste incineration facility sizes is canceled;
——the requirements of pollutant control index and emission limit are improved;
——the pollution control requirements for special incineration facilities for polychlorinated biphenyls and medical wastes are deleted.
Annex A of this standard is normative.
The limits for pollutant emissions in this standard are basic requirements. Local provincial people's government may formulate local pollutant emission standards for the control items of atmospheric and water pollutants not specified in this standard and may also formulate local pollutant emission standards stricter than this standard for those control items specified in this standard.
This standard is formulated under the organization of the Department of Solid Wastes and Chemicals and the Department of Laws, Regulations and Standards under the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China.
This standard was approved by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on November 26, 2020.
This standard shall be implemented from July 1, 2021. GB 18484-2001 Pollution control standard for hazardous wastes incineration shall be abolished from the implementation date of this standard. Upon approval of provincial people's government, this standard may be implemented in advance by the regions according to the need of local ecological environment protection and economic and technical conditions.
The Ministry of Ecology and Environment is responsible for the explanation of this standard.
Standard for pollution control on hazardous waste incineration
1 Application scope
This standard specifies the requirements for site selection, operating, monitoring, waste storage, compatibility, ecological environment protection during incineration and disposal of hazardous waste incineration facility, as well as their implementation and supervision, etc.
This standard is applicable to the pollution control and environmental management of existing hazardous waste incineration facilities (except for special incineration facilities for polychlorinated biphenyls and medical wastes), as well as the environmental impact assessment on construction projects of new hazardous waste incineration facilities, design and construction of hazardous waste incineration facilities, completion acceptance, sewage permit management and pollution control and environmental management during operation after completion.
The special national pollution control standards or environmental protection standards for special hazardous waste incineration facilities (if issued) shall apply.
The limits for pollutant emissions of high-temperature thermal treatment facilities for hazardous waste melting, pyrolysis, gasification, etc. may be implemented with reference to this standard if no special national pollution control standard or environmental protection standard is available.
This standard is not applicable to the co-processing of hazardous wastes in boilers and industrial furnaces.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 8978 Integrated wastewater discharge standard
GB 12348 Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary
GB 14554 Emission standards for odor pollutants
GB 16297 Integrated emission standards of air pollutants
GB 18597 Standard for pollution control on hazardous waste storage
GB 37822 Standard for fugitive emission of volatile organic compounds
GB/T 16157 Determination of particulates and sampling methods of gaseous pollutants emitted from exhaust gas of stationary source
HJ/T 20 Technical specifications on sampling and sample preparation from industry solid waste
HJ/T 27 Stationary source emission - Determination of hydrogen chloride - Mercuric thiocyanate spectrophotometric method
HJ/T 42 Stationary source emission - Determination of nitrogen oxide - Ultraviolet spectrophotometric method
HJ/T 43 Stationary source emission - Determination of nitrogen oxid - N(1-naphtye) - Ethylenediamine dihydrochloride spectrophotometric method
HJ/T 44 Stationary source emission - Determination of carbon monoxide - Non-dispersive infrared absorption method
HJ/T 55 Technical guidelines for fugitive emission monitoring of air pollutants
HJ/T 56 Determination of sulphur dioxide from exhausted gas of stationary source - Iodine titration method
HJ 57 Stationary source emission - Determination of sulfur dioxide - Fixed potential by electrolysis method
HJ/T 63.1 Stationary source emission - Determination of nickel - Flame absorption spectrophotometric method
HJ/T 63.2 Stationary source emission - Determination of nickel - Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric method
HJ/T 63.3 Stationary source emission - Determination of nickel - Dimethylglyoxime with n-Butanol by spectrophotometry
HJ/T 64.1 Stationary source emission - Determination of cadmium - Flame atomic absorptionspectrophotometric methodspectrophotometric method
HJ/T 64.2 Stationary source emission - Determination of cadmium - Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric method
HJ/T 64.3 Stationary source emission - Determination of cadmium p-Azobenzenediazoaminazobenzene sulfonic acid spectrophotometric method
HJ/T 65 Stationary source emission - Determination of tin - Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric method
HJ 75 Specifications for continuous emissions monitoring of SO2, NOx, and particulate matter in the flue gas emitted from stationary sources
HJ 77.2 Ambient air and waste gas - Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) - Isotope dilution HRGC-HRMS
HJ 91.1 Technical specifications for wastewater monitoring
HJ 212 Data transmission standard for online monitoring systems of pollutant
HJ/T 365 Technical guideline of monitoring on dioxins emission from hazardous waste (including medical waste) incinerators
HJ/T 397 Technical specifications for emission monitoring of stationary source
HJ 540 Stationary source emission - Determination of arsenic - Silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometric method
HJ 543 Stationary source emission-Determination of mercury - Cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry
HJ 548 Stationary source emissions - Determination of hydrogen chloride - Silver nitrate titration
HJ 549 Ambient air and stationary source emissions - Determination of Hydrogen Chloride - Ion Chromatography
HJ 561 Technical specification of performance testing for facilities of hazardous waste (including medical waste) Incineration
HJ 604 Ambient air - Determination of total hydrocarbons, methane and nonmethane hydrocarbons - Direct injection/Gas chromatography
HJ 629 Stationary source emission - Determination of sulphur dioxide - Non-dispersive infrared absorption method
HJ 657 Ambient air and stationary source emission - Determination of metals in ambient particulate matter - Inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
HJ 685 Stationary source emission - Determination of lead - Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric method
HJ 688 Stationary source emission - Determination of hydrogen fluoride - Ion chromatography
HJ 692 Stationary source emission - Determination of nitrogen oxides - Non-dispersive infrared absorption method
HJ 693 Stationary source emission - Determination of nitrogen oxides - Fixed potential by electrolysis method
HJ 819 Self-monitoring technology guidelines for pollution sources - General rule
HJ 836 Stationary source emission - Determination of mass concentration of particulate matter at low concentration - Manual gravimetric method
HJ 916 Environmental dioxins monitoring technical specification
HJ 973 Stationary source emission - Determination of carbon monoxide - Fixed potential by electrolysis method
HJ 1012 Ambient air and stationary source emission - Specifications and test procedures for hydrocarbons, methane and nonmethane hydrocarbons portable total monitoring instrument
HJ 1024 Solid waste - Determination of loss on ignition - Gravimetric method
HJ 2025 Technical specifications for collection, storage, transportation of hazardous waste
National catalogue of hazardous wastes
Measures for the Administration of Environmental Monitoring (Decree No.39 of the former Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China)
Measures for Automatic Monitoring and Management of Pollution Sources (Decree No.28 of the former Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China)
Administrative regulations on application of automatic monitoring data in domestic waste incineration power plants (Decree No.10 of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment)
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
hazardous waste
solid waste listed in the National catalogue of hazardous wastes or that with hazardous characteristics as determined according to the hazardous waste identification standard and identification method specified by the state
3.2
incineration
combustion of hazardous waste at high temperature to realize harmlessness and reduction
3.3
incineration facility
devices for disposing hazardous wastes by incineration to achieve the purpose of quantity and size reduction, and elimination of their hazardous characteristics, including feeding device, incinerator, flue gas purification device, control system, etc.
3.4
incineration capacity
design capacity of an incineration facility of incinerating hazardous waste in unit time
3.5
incineration residues
incineration residue and fly ash discharged after incineration of hazardous waste and sludge after wastewater treatment
3.6
loss on ignition
percentage of the mass of reduced incineration residues after ignition to the mass of the original incineration residues, which is calculated using Equation (1):
(1)
Where,
P——the loss on ignition, %;
A——the mass of original incineration residues at room temperature after being dried at (105±25)℃ for 1h, g;
B——the mass of incineration residues cooled to room temperature after being ignited at (600±25)℃ for 3h, g.
3.7
high temperature section of incinerator
section of incinerator combustor outlet and outlet upstream, in which the temperature of flue gas generated by combustion is greater than or equal to 1,100℃
3.8
flue gas residence time
residence time in the high temperature section (≥1,100℃) for combustion generated flue gas, which may be calculated by the ratio of effective volume of high temperature section of incinerator to flue gas flow
3.9
temperature of high temperature section of incinerator
average temperature in the area of the incinerator combustion outlet and outlet upstream, where the flue gas residence time shall meet the specified requirements, which is calculated by the 5-minute average value of the temperatures in the incinerator chamber measured by thermocouples, namely the 5-minute average value of the median arithmetic average value of the temperatures in the outlet section and the upstream section of outlet measured by thermocouples
3.10
combustion efficiency (CE)
percentage of the carbon dioxide concentration to the sum of carbon dioxide concentration and carbon monoxide concentration in flue gas, which is calculated using Equation (2):
(2)
Where,
——the concentration of CO2 in exhaust gas after combustion;
——the concentration of CO in exhaust gas after combustion.
3.11
destruction removal efficiency (DRE)
percentage of the difference between the mass of the incinerated characteristic organic compound and that of the compound remained in the discharged flue gas to the mass of the incinerated compound, which is calculated using Equation (3):
(3)
Where,
Wi——the mass of characteristic organic compounds incinerated in unit time, kg/h;
W0——the mass of characteristic organic compound corresponding to Wi, which is discharged with flue gas in unit time, kg/h.
3.12
dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans
a generic term for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDS) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFS)
3.13
toxic equivalency factor (TEF)
affinity ratio of dibenzo-p-dioxins or dibenzofurans and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins to Ah receptor, with typical value specified in Annex A
3.14
toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ)
concentration equivalent to the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins converted from the concentration of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, which is the product of the measured concentration and the toxic equivalency factor of the isomer, and is calculated using Equation (4):
TEQ=Σ(concentration of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans×TEF) (4)
Where,
TEQ——the toxic equivalent quantity;
TEF——the toxic equivalency factor.
3.15
standard conditions
gas condition at a temperature of 273.15K and a pressure of 101.325kPa, under which the dry gas is taken as the basis for the emission concentration limit of air pollutants specified in this standard
3.16
average value
arithmetic average of pollutant concentration test values in a certain quantity of samples collected within a certain period of time. For monitoring of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, at least three samples shall be collected within 6~12h; for monitoring of heavy metal pollutants, at least three samples shall be collected within 0.5~8h
3.17
1-hour average value
arithmetic average of pollutant concentration for any one hour; or arithmetic average of the test values of 3~4 samples collected at equal time intervals within one hour
3.18
24-hour average value
arithmetic average of 1-hour average values in 24 consecutive hours, with number of effective hourly average values not less than 20
3.19
daily average value
daily average mass concentration of pollutants obtained by converting the 1-hour average value measured by continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) according to the method specified in Data transmission standard for online monitoring systems of pollutant, which is calculated using Equation (5):
(5)
Where,
——the average mass concentration of pollutant emissions based on dry gas under standard conditions measured by CEMS on the d-th day, mg/m3;
——the 1-hour average mass concentration of pollutant emissions based on dry gas under standard conditions measured by CEMS in the h-th time, mg/m3;
m——the number of effective 1-hour average values measured by CEMS in this day (m≥20).
3.20
emission concentration at baseline oxygen content
emission concentration of air pollutants, based on 11% O2 (dry flue gas), converted from the measured concentration of air pollutants under standard conditions, which is not applicable to pure oxygen combustion, and is converted using Equation (6):
(6)
Where,
ρ——the emission concentration of air pollutants at baseline oxygen content, mg/m3;
ρ′——the measured emission concentration of air pollutants under standard conditions, mg/m3;
φ0(O2)——the initial oxygen content of combustion air, which is taken as 21 where air is used to support combustion, %;
φ′(O2)——the measured oxygen content of flue gas, %.
3.21
existing incineration facility
hazardous waste incineration facility which has been established and put into use or of which the environmental impact assessment document has been approved before the implementation date of this standard
3.22
new incineration facility
newly constructed, reconstructed and expanded hazardous waste incineration facility of which the environmental impact assessment document has been approved after the implementation date of this standard
4 Site selection requirements
4.1 The site selection of hazardous waste incineration facility shall meet the requirements of laws and regulations on ecological environmental protection and relevant statutory planning, and the basic factors such as service area, transportation and geological environment of the facility shall be comprehensively considered to ensure that the facility is in a relatively stable environment for a long time. It is encouraged that the hazardous waste incineration facilities are settled in the concentrated areas of municipal facilities such as circular economy parks, where the functional layout of facilities may be adjusted according to the environmental impact assessment documents.
4.2 The site of incineration facility shall not be located within the boundary line area for ecological protection, concentration area of permanent basic farmland and other areas requiring special protection designated by the State Council, its relevant competent departments and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
4.3 A certain protective distance shall be provided between the site of incineration facility and sensitive targets, which shall be comprehensively determined according to the site conditions, incineration technology, pollutant emission characteristics and diffusion factors, and shall meet the requirements of environmental impact assessment documents and approval opinions.
5 Technical requirements for pollution control
5.1 Storage
5.1.1 The storage facility shall meet the requirements of GB 18597.
5.1.2 The storage facility shall be provided with temporary storage facilities and partitions for incineration residues.
5.2 Compatibility
5.2.1 The hazardous wastes put into the incinerator shall meet the design requirements of the incinerator. Explosive hazardous wastes must not be incinerated.
5.2.2 The hazardous waste shall be compatible before incineration so that its heat value, content of main organic harmful components, content of organic chlorine, content of heavy metal, content of combustible sulfur, moisture content and ash content meet the design requirements of incineration facility, and the physical and chemical properties of the waste put into the incinerator shall be ensured to be stable.
5.2.3 The pollution control measures of pretreatment and compatibility workshop shall meet the requirements of GB 18597, and the generated waste gas shall be collected and led to the waste gas treatment device, and the generated wastewater shall be collected and led to the wastewater treatment device.
Foreword i
1 Application scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Site selection requirements
5 Technical requirements for pollution control
6 Emission control requirements
7 Environmental management requirements for operation
8 Environmental monitoring requirements
9 Implementation and supervision
Annex A (Normative) Toxic equivalency factor of PCDDs/PCDFs
